Phytochemical analysis of the hydroethanolic extract of peels from Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa Degener and potential vasorelaxant effect ex vivo.

Traditional remedies prepared from Lannea microcarpa leaves, barks, roots, and fruits are used to treat many diseases including hypertension. This study investigated whether oral administration of the ethyl acetate fraction of Lannea microcarpa trunk barks (LMAE) corrects angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension in mice. Its effects on vascular function were specifically investigated. Experiments explored hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in vivo and vascular reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and CaCl2ex vivo on isolated aortas. Mice received LMAE for 3 weeks (50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage. In the last two weeks of treatment, mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering NaCl (0.9%) or Ang II (0.5 mg/kg/day). LMAE completely prevented the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure induced by Ang II. Echocardiographic and kidney parameters were not affected by the different conditions. LMAE abrogated Ang II-induced impairment of ACh-induced relaxation without affecting that of sodium nitroprusside. LMAE also completely prevented CaCl2-induced contraction in KCl-exposed aorta ex vivo. The extract alone did not modify superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO⋅) production in femoral arteries from control mice but significantly limited Ang II-induced O2- production. These effects were associated with reduced expression of inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase isoform NOX-2 in aortas. Finally, phytochemical analysis showed that LMAE contains sterols, triterpenes, coumarins, and anthraquinone. These results showed that LMAE prevents Ang II-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction through a reduction of oxidative stress linked to COX-2 and NOX-2 pathway and inhibition of calcium entry. This study provides pharmacological basis of the empirical use of Lannea microcarpa trunk bark extract against hypertension.

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In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Capparis Spinosa Extract to Inactivate Protoscoleces During Hydatid cyst Surgery

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163817999200819091336 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Mahmoudvand ◽

Amal Khudair Khalaf ◽

Mania Beyranvand

Keyword(s):

Hydatid Cyst ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Infected Sheep ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

The World ◽

Capparis Spinosa ◽

Ex Vivo Assay

Background:: Hydatidosis is one of the most dangerous zoonosis diseases in the world caused by the larval stage of the broad-worm or Echinococcus granulosus parasite. Today, cysts' rupture or content leakage during surgery and in-volvement of organs adjacent to the organ involved, and consequently secondary cysts, are the major concern for hydatid cyst surgeons. Therefore, using scolicidal substances such as hypertonic saline 20%, silver nitrate and formalin has been considered to reduce the risk of protoscoleces spread and recurrence of disease in recent years. The current work designed to assess the antiparasitic effects of Capparis spinose L. extract against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods:: Collected protoscoleces from liver fertile hydatid cysts of infected sheep were exposed to the different concentra-tions of the essential oil (150, 300, 600 mg/mL) for 5-60 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then by using the eosin exclusion assay the viability of protoscoleces was studied. The primary phytochemical analysis of the C. spinosa extract was done to assess the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides. Results:: C. spinosa extract had a powerful protoscolicidal activity in vitro so that at the 300 and 600 mg/ml entirely elimi-nates the parasite after 10 and 5 minutes; whereas at lower doses demonstrated weak protoscolicidal activity. Ex vivo assay, no similar effect with in vitro was observed, so that requiring a more time to show a potent protoscolicidal activity. C. spi-nosa extract at the concentrations of 300 and 600 mg/mL after exposure time of 20 and 12 min, killed 100% of protoscole-ces within the hydatid cyst, respectively. The findings of primary phytochemical screening of the C. spinosa extract demon-strated the existance of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and alkaloids in this plant. Conclusion:: The obtained results in vitro and ex vivo exhibited that potent protoscolicidal effects of C. spinosa extract particu-larly at the concentrations of 600 and 300 mg/ml which entirely eliminates the parasite after 5-20 min exposure. However, more and supplementary works are required to verify these findings through assessing in animal models and clinical subjects.

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Vasorelaxant effect of flavonoids through calmodulin inhibition: Ex vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.063 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 542-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mariana Torres-Piedra ◽

Mario Figueroa ◽

Oswaldo Hernández-Abreu ◽

Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas ◽

Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Vasorelaxant Effect

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Vaccinium macrocarponAiton Extract Ameliorates Inflammation and Hyperalgesia through Oxidative Stress Inhibition in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9646937 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Danielle Gomes Santana ◽

Alan Santos Oliveira ◽

Marília Trindade de Santana Souza ◽

José Thiago do Carmo Santos ◽

Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Neutrophil Infiltration ◽

Treated Group ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract ◽

Vehicle Treated Group ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Necrosis Factor

We evaluated the effect of the hydroethanolic extract of fruits ofVaccinium macrocarpon(HEVm) in a model of acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice. AP was induced by two injections of L-arginine and animals were treated with HEVm (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (saline) every 24 h, starting 1 h after the induction of AP. Phytochemical analysis of the extract and measurement of inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters, as well as abdominal hyperalgesia, were performed. Catechin, epicatechin, rutin, and anthocyanins were identified in HEVm. Treatment with HEVm decreased L-arginine-induced abdominal hyperalgesia (from 48 to 72 h). Also, treatment with HEVm decreased L-arginine-induced pancreatic edema, pancreatic and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, after 72 h of induction. L-arginine-induced hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia were also reduced by the treatment with HEVm in comparison to vehicle-treated group. Moreover, lipoperoxidation, carbonyl radicals, nonprotein sulfhydryl groups, and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, but not glutathione peroxidase, were restored by the treatment with HEVm. These results show that treatment with HEVm decreased hyperalgesia and pancreatic/extrapancreatic inflammation and oxidative damage in L-arginine-induced AP, making this extract attractive for future approaches designed to treat this condition.

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Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effect of leucodin and achillin isolated from Achillea millefolium through calcium channel blockade and NO production: in vivo, functional ex vivo and in silico studies

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2021.113948 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 113948

Author(s):

Luis Arias-Durán ◽

Samuel Estrada-Soto ◽

Monserrat Hernández-Morales ◽

César Millán-Pacheco ◽

Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Channel ◽

In Silico ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Achillea Millefolium ◽

No Production ◽

Channel Blockade ◽

Calcium Channel Blockade ◽

Vasorelaxant Effect ◽

In Silico Studies

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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Crude Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Insights ◽

10.33140/tapi.03.01.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Continuous Process ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The search for new therapeutic remedies from natural sources is a continuous process. Momordica charantia under the family Cucurbitaceous is commonly known as tita korola in Bangladesh. Traditionally, it is used to treat many diseases, including diabetes and obesity, infections, cough, respiratory diseases, wounds and skin diseases, ulcer, gout and rheumatism, spasm, and cancer. This study aimed at the evalualtion of toxicity, anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activity of M. charantia aqueous leaf extract by applying a number of in vitro and ex vivo test systems. For this, toxicity analysis was done in Allium cepa, while anti-inflammatory, and membrane stabilizing and clotlysis capacity were tested by using egg albumin and human erythrocytes, respectively. Additionally, preliminary phytochemical analysis was also done. The results suggest that the crude aqueous crude extract of M. charantia possesses alkaloid, flavonoid, terpinoid, saponins, glycoside, tannins, and reducing sugars. The crude extract exhibited toxicity in A. cepa in a concentration and time-dependent manner. No adaptation capacity of DNA damage was seen during the exposure time (24-72 h). The extract at 0.03 – 0.14% (v/v) significantly (p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001) inhibited protein denaturation, membrane lysis and clot lysis capacity in a concentration-dependent manner. Of note, the extract exerted toxic effects at high concentrations, while protective effects against toxic and cytotoxic effects at low concentrations. M. charantia may be one of the potential sources of phytotherapeutic agents for various diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory diseases and cancer

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The Effect of Silymarin Flavonolignans and Their Sulfated Conjugates on Platelet Aggregation and Blood Vessels Ex Vivo

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2286 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jana Pourová ◽

Lenka Applová ◽

Kateřina Macáková ◽

Marie Vopršalová ◽

Thomas Migkos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Rat Aorta ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Liver Disorders ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

Vasorelaxant Effect ◽

Traditional Drug ◽

Isolated Rat

Silymarin is a traditional drug and food supplement employed for numerous liver disorders. The available studies indicate that its activities may be broader, in particular due to claimed benefits in some cardiovascular diseases, but the contributions of individual silymarin components are unclear. Therefore, we tested silymarin flavonolignans as pure diastereomers as well as their sulfated metabolites for potential vasorelaxant and antiplatelet effects in isolated rat aorta and in human blood, respectively. Eleven compounds from a panel of 17 tested exhibited a vasorelaxant effect, with half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) ranging from 20 to 100 µM, and some substances retained certain activity even in the range of hundreds of nM. Stereomers A were generally more potent as vasorelaxants than stereomers B. Interestingly, the most active compound was a metabolite—silychristin-19-O-sulfate. Although initial experiments showed that silybin, 2,3-dehydrosilybin, and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin were able to substantially block platelet aggregation, their effects were rapidly abolished with decreasing concentration, and were negligible at concentrations ≤100 µM. In conclusion, metabolites of silymarin flavonolignans seem to have biologically relevant vasodilatory properties, but the effect of silymarin components on platelets is low or negligible.

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Antioxidant Potential of Pine Needles: A Systematic Study on the Essential Oils and Extracts of 46 Species of the Genus Pinus

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10010142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Aikaterini Koutsaviti ◽

Samer Toutoungy ◽

Rouba Saliba ◽

Sofia Loupassaki ◽

Olga Tzakou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Chromatographic Separations ◽

Organic Extract ◽

Luminol Chemiluminescence ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

The antioxidant activity of the essential oils, as well as of the organic and hydroethanolic extracts, of the fresh needles of 54 pine taxa was evaluated using the peroxy-oxalate and luminol chemiluminescence assays. Among all evaluated essential oils, P. canariensis and P. attenuata displayed the highest levels of activity. P. contorta var. murrayana, followed by P. nigra var. caramanica, exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity among the organic extracts, while the most active hydroethanolic extract was that of P. nigra subsp. nigra. Based on the overall levels of activity, the latter taxon was selected for phytochemical analysis targeting the isolation of the bioactive constituents. As such, the organic extract of P. nigra subsp. nigra was subjected to chromatographic separations to yield 11 secondary metabolites (1−11) that were evaluated for their antioxidant activity. Nonetheless, the isolated compounds were found to be less active than the crude extract, thus suggesting the potential role of synergism.

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