In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Capparis Spinosa Extract to Inactivate Protoscoleces During Hydatid cyst Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mahmoudvand ◽  
Amal Khudair Khalaf ◽  
Mania Beyranvand
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
The World ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Ex Vivo Assay

Background:: Hydatidosis is one of the most dangerous zoonosis diseases in the world caused by the larval stage of the broad-worm or Echinococcus granulosus parasite. Today, cysts' rupture or content leakage during surgery and in-volvement of organs adjacent to the organ involved, and consequently secondary cysts, are the major concern for hydatid cyst surgeons. Therefore, using scolicidal substances such as hypertonic saline 20%, silver nitrate and formalin has been considered to reduce the risk of protoscoleces spread and recurrence of disease in recent years. The current work designed to assess the antiparasitic effects of Capparis spinose L. extract against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods:: Collected protoscoleces from liver fertile hydatid cysts of infected sheep were exposed to the different concentra-tions of the essential oil (150, 300, 600 mg/mL) for 5-60 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then by using the eosin exclusion assay the viability of protoscoleces was studied. The primary phytochemical analysis of the C. spinosa extract was done to assess the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and glycosides. Results:: C. spinosa extract had a powerful protoscolicidal activity in vitro so that at the 300 and 600 mg/ml entirely elimi-nates the parasite after 10 and 5 minutes; whereas at lower doses demonstrated weak protoscolicidal activity. Ex vivo assay, no similar effect with in vitro was observed, so that requiring a more time to show a potent protoscolicidal activity. C. spi-nosa extract at the concentrations of 300 and 600 mg/mL after exposure time of 20 and 12 min, killed 100% of protoscole-ces within the hydatid cyst, respectively. The findings of primary phytochemical screening of the C. spinosa extract demon-strated the existance of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and alkaloids in this plant. Conclusion:: The obtained results in vitro and ex vivo exhibited that potent protoscolicidal effects of C. spinosa extract particu-larly at the concentrations of 600 and 300 mg/ml which entirely eliminates the parasite after 5-20 min exposure. However, more and supplementary works are required to verify these findings through assessing in animal models and clinical subjects.

In vitro and ex vivo antiparasitic effect of Rheum ribes L. extract against the hydatid cyst protoscoleces

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mahmoudvand ◽  
Mojgan Saki ◽  
Ali Asghar Kiani ◽  
Tina Taban ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Shahmoradi
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Ex Vivo Assay

Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection in humans and herbivorous animals with worldwide distribution which caused by larva stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) as an herbal medicines has various therapeutics properties such as the antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial ones. With respect to the potential of the biological activities of this plant in traditional and modern medicine, we aim to examine its protoscolicidal effects against E. granulosus protoscolecess in vitro and ex vivo. Methods: Collected protoscoleces from liver hydatid cysts of infected sheep were exposed to the different concentrations of the extract (225, 450, 900 mg/mL) for 5-60 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then using the eosin exclusion assay the viability of protoscoleces was studied. Results: R. ribes extract had a potent protoscolicidal activity in vitro so that at the 450 and 900 mg/ml killed 56.3 and 100% of protoscoleces after 10 min exposure. Ex vivo assay, the extract needed more time to kill the protoscoleces than the in vitro; so that at the concentration of 900 mg/mL, all protoscoleces were killed after 15 minutes Conclusion: The obtained results exhibited the potent protoscolicidal effects of R. ribes extract particularly at the concentration of 900 mg/ml which completely killed the parasite after <15 min exposure. However, more and supplementary studies are required to verify these findings through assessing in animal models and clinical subjects.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Apoptotic Activity, and Antiparasitic Effects of Ferula macrecolea Essential Oil against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Alyousif ◽  
Hiba Riyadh Al-Abodi ◽  
Hamdan Almohammed ◽  
Abdullah D. Alanazi ◽  
Hossein Mahmoudvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Background: Today, the present protoscolicidals used to minimize the serious risks during hydatid cyst surgery are not completely safe and have various adverse side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and apoptotic activity of Ferula macrecolea essential oil (FMEO) as well as its in vitro and ex vivo protoscolicidal effects against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition of FMEO. Protoscoleces of hydatid cysts were collected from liver fertile hydatid cysts of infected sheep and were then treated with various concentrations of the essential oil (75, 150, and 300 µL/mL) for 5–60 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then, by using the eosin exclusion test, the viability of the protoscoleces was studied. The caspase-3-like activity of the FMEO-treated protoscoleces was also evaluated through the colorimetric protease assay Sigma Kit based on the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: According to GC/MS, the main constituents of the essential oil were terpinolene (77.72%), n-nonanal (4.47%), and linalool (4.35%), respectively. In vitro, the maximum protoscolicidal activity of FMEO was observed at the concentrations of 150 and 300 µL/mL, such that 100% of the protoscoleces were killed after 30 and 20 min of exposure, respectively. Based on the obtained findings, the results demonstrate that FMEO required a longer time to kill protoscoleces ex vivo; after 12 min of exposure to FMEO, only 13.4% of the protoscoleces remained alive. After 48 h of the treatment of protoscoleces, FMEO, in a dose-dependent manner and at doses of 75, 150, and 300 µL/mL, induced the activation of the caspase enzyme by 24.3, 35.3, and 48.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the potent protoscolicidal effects of FMEO in vitro and ex vivo; however, further studies are required to assess the safety and the efficiency of FMEO as a promising scolicidal agent in a preclinical model and clinical setting.

A Comparative Ex Vivo Study of Plasminogen Activators and Proteases for Fibrinolytic Activity and Side Effects in Rabbits

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A Janik ◽  
S. E Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Ex Vivo Assay

SummaryUrokinase, streptokinase, Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687, a bacterial exoprotease, have been evaluated in an ex vivo assay system. These enzymes were injected into rabbits and the fibrinolytic activity as well as other coagulation parameters were measured by in vitro techniques. Dose-response correlations have been made using the euglobulin lysis time as a measure of fibrinolytic activity and the 50% effective dose has been determined for each enzyme. Loading doses, equal to four times the 50% effective dose, were administered to monitor potential toxicity revealing that Brinase, trypsin, and SN 687 were very toxic at this concentration.Having established the 50% effective dose for each enzyme, further testing was conducted where relevant fibrinolytic and coagulation parameters were measured for up to two days following a 50% effective dose bolus injection of each enzyme. Our results have demonstrated that urokinase and streptokinase are plasminogen activators specifically activating the rabbit fibrinolytic system while Brinase, trypsin and SN 687 increase the general proteolytic activity in vivo.The advantages of this ex vivo assay system for evaluating relative fibrinolytic potencies and side effects for plasminogen activators and fibrinolytic proteases have been discussed.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GITA MISHRA ◽  
HEMESHWER KUMAR CHANDRA ◽  
NISHA SAHU ◽  
SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽  
MONIKA BHADAURIA
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Pergularia daemia belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the present study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root parts of P. daemia . Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by standard methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. daemia showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phytosterol, carbohydrate, phenol, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids proteins and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis showed polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonone, flavone and flavonol in P. daemia leaves, stem and root in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of P. daemia clearly demonstrated that leaf, stem and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties and was effective in scavenging free radicals.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant stress properties of methanol acetate and ethyl extracts of Tirmania Nivea and Tirmania Pinoyi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4814-4820
Author(s):  
Houda Attjioui ◽  
Hamadoun Abba Touré ◽  
Amine Cheikh ◽  
Hafid Mefetah ◽  
Mustapha Draoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Antioxidant Stress ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

For thousands of years, truffles have been used as essential foods in different cultures around the world because of their rich nutritional value and their pleasant and characteristic smell. We have studied the effect of truffles (Tirmania Nivea and Tirmania Pinoyi) extracts on the antioxidant stress properties issued from the Moroccan desert. Antioxidant and anti-free radical activities were studied using three analytical methods: trapping capacity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, phosphomolybdate, and reducing ferric antioxidant capacity; in addition, phenol and flavonoid levels were measured. The results of the FRAP, DPPH and PPM tests of T. Nivea were respectively 4.112±0.217, 0.142±0.006, 2.235±0.110 mg/mL for methanols and 3.424±0.034, 0.137±0.025, 0.858±0.010 mg/mL for ethyl acetate extracts. The results of the tests of T. pinoyi were respectively 3.670±0.572, 0.102±0.004, 0.907±0.014 mg/mL for methanols and 3.404±0.096, 0.080±0.003, 0.693±0.057 mg/mL for ethyl acetate extracts. For this work, we propose a valorization of the Moroccan truffle in the prevention of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety Curcuma zadoaria L. to Inactivate the Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mahmoudvand ◽  
Mahbobeh Pakravanan ◽  
Farnaz Kheirandish ◽  
Sareh Jahanbakhsh ◽  
Maryam Sepahvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The present work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of Curcuma zadoaria essential oil and to investigate its efficacy and safety against hydatid cyst protoscoleces. Methods: Collected protoscoleces from liver fertile hydatid cysts of infected sheep were exposed to different concentrations of the essential oil (75, 150, 300 μl/mL) for 5-30 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then, by using the eosin exclusion assay, the viability of protoscoleces was studied. In the next step, 24 male NMRI mice were examined to assess the toxicity of C. zadoaria essential oil by measuring the biochemical and hematological parameters. Results: Based on the obtained results, the LD50 value of intraperitoneal injection of the C. zadoaria essential oil was 1.76 mL/kg of body weight and the maximum non-fatal dose was 0.96 mL/kg of body weight. C. zadoaria essential oil had a strong proto scolicidal activity in vitro so that at the 300 and 150 μl/ml entirely eliminates the parasite after 5 and 10 minutes; whereas, weak proto scolicidal activity was observed at lower doses. Ex vivo assay, no similar effect with in vitro was observed, therefore, more time is required to show a potent proto scolicidal activity. C. zadoaria essential oil at the concentrations of 300 and 150 μl/mL after an exposure time of 7 and 12 min, killed 100% of protoscoleces within the hydatid cyst, respectively. After intraperitoneal injection of the C. zadoaria essential oil for 2 weeks, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the clinical chemistry and hematologic parameters at the doses of 0.15, 0.3, 0.6 mL/kg. Conclusion: The obtained results in vitro and ex vivo exhibited that C. zadoaria essential oil had a favorable proto scolicidal activity on hydatid cyst protoscoleces. However, more supplementary works are required to verify these findings by assessing clinical subjects.

scholarly journals In vitro and ex vivo scolicidal effects of Olea europaea L. to inactivate the protoscolecs during hydatid cyst surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massumeh Niazi ◽  
Mojgan Saki ◽  
Maryam Sepahvand ◽  
Sareh Jahanbakhsh ◽  
Mehrdad Khatami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Olea Europaéa

scholarly journals Distinct in vitro Complement Activation by Various Intravenous Iron Preparations

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Cordelia Hempel ◽  
Felix Poppelaars ◽  
Mariana Gaya da Costa ◽  
Casper F.M. Franssen ◽  
Thomas P.G. de Vlaam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ferric Carboxymaltose ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Iv Iron ◽  
Ex Vivo Assay

Background: Intravenous (IV) iron preparations are widely used in the treatment of anemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). All IV iron preparations carry a risk of causing hypersensitivity reactions. However, the pathophysiological mechanism is poorly understood. We hypothesize that a relevant number of these reactions are mediated by complement activation, resulting in a pseudo-anaphylactic clinical picture known as complement activation-related pseudo allergy (CARPA). Methods: First, the in-vitro complement-activating capacity was determined for 5 commonly used IV iron preparations using functional complement assays for the 3 pathways. Additionally, the preparations were tested in an ex-vivo model using the whole blood of healthy volunteers and HD patients. Lastly, in-vivo complement activation was tested for one preparation in HD patients. Results: In the in-vitro assays, iron dextran, and ferric carboxymaltose caused complement activation, which was only possible under alternative pathway conditions. Iron sucrose may interact with complement proteins, but did not activate complement in-vitro. In the ex-vivo assay, iron dextran significantly induced complement activation in the blood of healthy volunteers and HD patients. Furthermore, in the ex-vivo assay, ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose only caused significant complement activation in the blood of HD patients. No in-vitro or ex-vivo complement activation was found for ferumoxytol and iron isomaltoside. IV iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose in HD patients did not lead to significant in-vivo complement activation. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that iron dextran and ferric carboxymaltose have complement-activating capacities in-vitro, and hypersensitivity reactions to these drugs could be CARPA-mediated.

scholarly journals Tristemma hirtumand Five Other Cameroonian Edible Plants with Weak or No Antibacterial Effects Modulate the Activities of Antibiotics against Gram-Negative Multidrug-Resistant Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gaëlle S. Nguenang ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Aimé G. Fankam ◽  
Hermione T. Manekeng ◽  
Paul Nayim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Raphia Hookeri

In order to contribute to the fight against infectious diseases, thein vitroantibacterial activity and the antibiotic-potentiating effects ofTristemma hirtumand five other Cameroonian edible plants have been evaluated against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. The microdilution method was used to evaluate the bacterial susceptibility of the extracts and their combination to common antibiotics. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to standard methods. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, steroids, and polyphenols, including flavonoids in most of the tested extracts. The entire tested extracts showed moderate (512 μg/mL ≤ MIC ≤ 2048 μg/mL) to weak (MIC > 2048 μg/mL) antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. Furthermore, extracts of leaf ofTristemma hirtumand pericarpsofRaphia hookeri(at their MIC/2 and MIC/4) strongly potentiated the activities of all antibiotics used in the study, especially those of chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), kanamycin (KAN), and tetracycline (TET) against 70% (7/10) to 100% (10/10) of the tested MDR bacteria, with the modulating factors ranging from 2 to 128. The results of this study suggest that extracts from leaves ofTristemma hirtumand pericarps ofRaphia hookerican be sources of plant-derived products with antibiotic modifying activity.

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