scholarly journals Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Red and Brown Rice Bran and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Ali Baghdadi ◽  
Hawa Z. E. Jaafar ◽  
Mallappa Swamy ◽  
Puteri Megat Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds

Recently, the quality-by-design concept has been widely implemented in the optimization of pharmaceutical processes to improve batch-to-batch consistency. As flavonoid compounds in pigmented rice bran may provide natural antioxidants, extraction of flavonoid components from red and brown rice bran was optimized using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Among the solvents tested, ethanol was most efficient for extracting flavonoids from rice bran. The examined parameters were temperature, solvent percentage, extraction time, and solvent-to-solid ratio. The highest total flavonoid content (TFC) in red rice bran was predicted as 958.14 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g dry matter (DM) at 58.5 °C, 71.5% (v/v), 36.2 min, and 7.94 mL/g, respectively, whereas the highest TFC in brown rice bran was predicted as 782.52 mg QE/100 g DM at 56.7 °C, 74.4% (v/v), 36.9 min, and 7.18 mL/g, respectively. Verification experiment results under these optimized conditions showed that the TFC values for red and brown rice bran were 962.38 and 788.21 mg QE/100 g DM, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the predicted and experimental TFC values, indicating that the developed models are accurate. Analysis of the extracts showed that apigenin and p-coumaric acid are abundant in red and brown rice bran. Further, red rice bran with its higher flavonoid content exhibited higher nitric oxide and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities (EC50 values of 41.3 and 33.6 μg/mL, respectively) than brown rice bran. In this study, an extraction process for flavonoid compounds from red and brown rice bran was successfully optimized. The accuracy of the developed models indicated that the approach is applicable to larger-scale extraction processes.

scholarly journals Valorization of Natural Antioxidants for Nutritional and Health Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Ferreira-Santos ◽  
Zlatina Genisheva ◽  
Claudia Botelho ◽  
Cristina Rocha ◽  
José António Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
In Vivo Studies

The significant increase in the world population age, 47 years in 1950 to 73 years in 2020, resulted in an increase in aging related diseases as well as in degenerative diseases. In consequence, researchers have been focusing in the development of new therapies, with a particular emphasis on the use of compounds with antioxidant properties, namely phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the phytochemicals antioxidant capacity. Their use is broad, as they can be part of food supplements, medicine and cosmetics. The health benefit of antioxidant phytochemicals is an indisputable question. Phytochemical properties are highly influenced by the natural matrix as well as by extraction process, which have a key role. There are several extraction methods that can be applied depending on the chemical properties of the bioactive compounds. There is a wide range of solvents with different polarities, which allows a selective extraction of the desired target family of compounds. Greener technologies have the advantage to reduce extraction time and solvent quantity in comparison to the most traditional methods. This chapter will focus on the different green extraction strategies related to the recovery of antioxidant bioactive compounds from natural sources, their nutritional and health potential.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Methods for Flavonoid Extraction from Plant Material: Impact of Their Operating Conditions on Yield and Antioxidant Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Luisa Rodríguez De Luna ◽  
R. E. Ramírez-Garza ◽  
Sergio O. Serna Saldívar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Kinetic Mechanisms ◽  
High Yields

The flavonoids are compounds synthesized by plants, and they have properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, among others. One of the most important bioactive properties of flavonoids is their antioxidant effect. Synthetic antioxidants have side toxic effects whilst natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids from natural sources, have relatively low toxicity. Therefore, it is important to incorporate flavonoids derived from natural sources in several products such as foods, cosmetics, and drugs. For this reason, there is currently a need to extract flavonoids from plant resources. In this review are described the most important parameters involved in the extraction of flavonoids by unconventional methods such as ultrasound, pressurized liquid extraction, mechanochemical, high hydrostatic pressure, supercritical fluid, negative pressure cavitation, intensification of vaporization by decompression to the vacuum, microwave, infrared, pulsed electric field, high-voltage electrical discharges, and enzyme-assisted extraction. There are no unified operation conditions to achieve high yields and purity. Notwithstanding, progress has been achieved in the development of more advanced and environmentally friendly methods of extraction. Although in literature are found important advances, a complete understanding of the extraction process in each of the unconventional techniques is needed to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms that govern each of the techniques.

Antioxidant Capacity, Phytochemical Analysis and Identification of Active Compounds in Anchomanes difformis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyin Dorcas Alabi ◽  
Nicole Lisa Brooks ◽  
Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Promoting

Background: Anchomanes difformis (ENGL: Blume) is a specie of flowering plants in the family Araceae. Anchomanes difformis is commonly reported for ameliorating hyperglycemia, inflammation, ulcer, malaria, and inhibiting microbial growth. Objective: This study evaluated total yields of phytochemicals present, measured antioxidant capacities and identified bioactive compounds in the leaves and rhizome extracts of A. difformis using solvents of different polarity (ethyl acetate, ethanol and water). Methods: Total polyphenolic, flavonoid content and alkaloids were measured, ORAC, TEAC and FRAP were performed as antioxidant capacity indices, and identification of bioactive compounds was done using UPLC-MS and HPLC. Results: All extracts contained polyphenols, flavonols, flavanols, and alkaloids in varying concentrations. All extracts exhibited antioxidant properties. However, aqueous leaves extract had the highest antioxidant properties and polyphenols with significance (p<0.05). Thirty-four compounds were identified altogether in the leaves and rhizome. Conclusion: A. difformis leaves and rhizome are potential sources of natural antioxidants and can serve as potential therapeutic agents against diseases linked with oxidative stress. Presence of health-promoting compounds indicates possible ameliorative potentials of A. difformis.

scholarly journals Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Echinocystis lobata (Mich.) Torr. ET Gray (Cucurbitaceae)

10.5219/1579 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 784-791
Author(s):  
Yulia Vinogradova ◽  
Olga Shelepova ◽  
Olena Vergun ◽  
Olga Grygorieva ◽  
Jan Brindza
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Echinocystis Lobata

Echinocystis lobata (Mich.) Torr. et Gray extracts were investigated for their bioactive compounds and their potential for natural antioxidant properties. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanol, ethanol, and water extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of fruits and seeds were determined. TPC is a fairly constant value and varies weakly both among the different organs of Echinocystis lobata and among the geographical locations of the populations studied. Like other invasive species, Echinocystis lobata is superior to many other plants in terms of the total amount of flavonoids contained in its fruits and seeds. The dried fruits contain more flavonoids than the seeds. Seeds from Slovak populations have higher flavonoid content than those from Russian populations. The results demonstrated that Echinocystis lobata can be a good source of natural antioxidants and have a great potential for commercialization, especially in the pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Nutritional compositions, polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of pigmented rice varieties and adlay seeds enhanced by soaking and germination conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyiola Oluwakemi Owolabi ◽  
Bandhita Saibandith ◽  
Santad Wichienchot ◽  
Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Background: Pigmented rice varieties are gaining interest due to their superior nutritional and phenolic properties compared to white rice varieties. With the rising risk of diabetes, cereals with higher protein contents should be consumed with rice. Adlay is one of the underutilized crops with higher protein contents and other functional properties. The germination process is one of the easy and innovative techniques for improving functional properties in seeds. In this study, two pigmented rice varieties and adlay seeds were soaked (24 h) and germinated for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. The physicochemical properties, polyphenolic profiles, and the antioxidant activities of these samples were evaluated.Results: Purple rice (PR) demonstrated the highest values for polyphenolic contents, with 9 compounds detected for antioxidant activities. There were 6 compounds detected for red rice (RR). The adlay seeds had the least concentrations of phenolic compounds, with 6 compounds  and higher nutritional properties identified. New compounds were synthesized. Among the rice samples, 24 h soaking (S24) gave the best results for phenolic and antioxidant properties, with 24 h germination in adlay seeds. 48 h germination yielded better results for the nutritional values in all the samples.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates how the process of soaking is a cheap and less time-consuming process of improving bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in pigmented rice varieties and adlay seeds. Keywords: polyphenols; antioxidant; pigmented rice; adlay; germination.

scholarly journals Protective effect of two Thai pigmented rice cultivars against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HT-29 cell culture

Food Research ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
P. Boonyanuphong ◽  
U. Tobgay
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate ◽  
Ht 29

Radicals derived from exogenous and endogenous sources are considered to be the principal cause of genetic damage. Exogenous and endogenous radicals participate in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which leads to damages in the DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. However, dietary compounds, mainly from pigmented rice, are an essential source of antioxidants that help protect cells from damage. This study seeks to determine the antioxidant properties and cytoprotective effect of two Thai pigmented rice extracts namely the glutinous black rice (native name: Neaw dum moa37) and red rice (native name: Hom gradung-nga57) on H2O2-induced damage in HT-29 cells. The bioactive compound contents, as well as antioxidant activities of both rice extracts, were investigated. The protective effect of rice extracts on H2O2-induced damage was executed following the co-incubation method. HT-29 cells were exposed to H2O2 and different rice extract concentrations for 3 h and an MTT assay was used to measure the viability of the cell. The ROS level was determined using the 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA). The result showed that glutinous black rice extract contained significantly higher contents of all analysed antioxidants and activities than red rice extract. Glutinous black rice showed a higher cytotoxic effect compared to red rice. At the non-toxic concentration of both rice extracts, the HT-29 cells were guarded against the H2O2 induced oxidative stress. Besides, the intracellular ROS accumulation result from H2O2 exposure was significantly reduced in the presence of rice extracts for both glutinous black rice and red rice compared to control. Hence, this study has demonstrated the potential properties of both pigmented rice extracts in alleviating H2O2-mediated damage in HT-29 cells.

scholarly journals Micelle-mediated extraction of elderberry blossom by whey protein and naturally derived surfactants.

1970 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Śliwa ◽  
Anna Tomaszkiewicz-Potępa ◽  
Elżbieta Sikora ◽  
Jan Ogonowski
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Flavonoid Content

Classical methods of the extraction of active ingredients from the plant material are expensive, complicated and often environmentally unfriendly. The micelle-mediated extraction method (MME) seems to be a good alternative. In this work, extractions of elderberry blossoms (Flos Sambuci) were performed using MME methods. Several popular surfactants and whey protein concentrate (WPC) was applied in the process. The obtained results were compared with those obtained in extraction by means of water. Antioxidant properties of the extracts were analyzed by using two different methods: reaction with di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH) reagent and Follin's method. Furthermore, the flavonoid content in the extracts was determined. The results confirmed that the MME method with using whey protein might be an alternative method for obtaining, rich in natural antioxidants, plant extracts.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ethanol Extract 96% o Brown Rice Bran to the Number and Viability of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Spermatozoa Sprague dawley Strains Induced by Clove Cigarette Smoke

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Soraya Rahmanisa ◽  
Natasya Hayatillah ◽  
Evi Kurniawaty
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Sperm Number ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rice Bran Extract ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract: Indonesia has the greatest number of smokers in Southeast Asia dominated by male consume kretek cigarette. Cigarette’s smoke is source of free radicals that can cause oxidative stress to sperm and lead it to infertility. Red rice bran extract has lot of potential antioxidants to stop oxidatif stress. This study was experimental within 30 days. The 25 Sprague dawley male rats divided into 5 groups: K1 wasn’t treated, K2,P1,P2, and P3 exposed to smokes of 2 kretek cigarettes, given 96% ethanol extract of red rice bran dosage 100 mg/Kg (P1), 200 mg/Kg (P2) and 400 mg/Kg (P3). Spermatozoa number and viability was observed. Data tested with One Way Anova. There was significant effect from red rice bran extract toward sperm number and viability (p=0,00). Average spermatozoa number was 91.90±7.72 (K1), 39.68±7,51 (K2), 79.88±8.63 (P1), 86.40±10.5 (P2), 86.00±5.78 (P3). Average viability was  65.00±6.85 (K1), 29.6±5.85 (K2), 51.4±3.50 (P1), 60.00±6.67 (P2), 61,00±2.91 (P3). The increasing of number and viability has been achived at dose 100mg/Kg and best at 400 mg/KgBB. The 96% ethanol extract of  red rice bran can prevent the decreasing number and viability of rat spermatozoa exposed by kretek cigarette. Keywords: Clove cigarette, spermatozoa, rice bran extract

scholarly journals Consumers’ willingness to pay for functional rice: a survey from Indonesia

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1344-1350
Author(s):  
N.D. Annur ◽  
B.S.H. Nugrohoningtyas ◽  
M.C. Rodriguez Dodero ◽  
W. Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
National Brand ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
White Rice

Rice, especially the pigmented varieties, contains a higher level of melatonin (N-acetyl-5- methoxytryptamine), which is used in treatment for sleeping disorders and for improving mood. It has potent antioxidant properties, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory, thus potential as the basis for functional food development. The purpose of the study was to examine how the various rice attributes and demographic characteristics affect the willingness to pay of Indonesian consumers on functional rice. Multi-Factor Categorical Design (MFCD) and Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) have been used to study multiple non-quantitative factors, including different rice varieties and health benefits information on the label (x1, 3 levels: white rice, brown rice-label, and red rice-label), price (x2, 2 levels: low and high), and rice producers (x3, 3 levels: international brand, established national brand, and new national brand). Data collection was administered through an online questionnaire survey to 204 respondents, living in four major Indonesian islands: Java, Bali, Sumatra, and the Moluccas. The results showed that despite the health benefits of the melatonin contained in the whole brown and red rice, Indonesian consumers still preferred conventional white rice over the aforementioned rice varieties. Price was recognized as the main attribute affecting the selection of functional rice, whilst rice producers gave less impact on willingness to pay. The results indicated that cultural value, consumers’ knowledge of melatonin, consumers’ health status, and consumers’ income were the sources of heterogeneity in consumers’ willingness to pay for functional rice.

scholarly journals Optimization of polyphenols extraction process with antioxidant properties from wild Vaccinium myrtillus L. (bilberry) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (lingonberry) leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Radka Vrancheva ◽  
Ivan Ivanov ◽  
Ilian Badjakov ◽  
Ivayla Dincheva ◽  
Vasil Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus L

The aim of the current study was to optimize the extraction condition of polyphenol compounds with antioxidant properties from leaves of natural grown Vaccinium myrtillus L and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. The extractions were carried out in ultrasonic bath at 40 ºC for 20 minutes with different solvents (water, 20 % ethanol, 40 % ethanol, 60 % ethanol, 80 % ethanol and 96 % ethanol) and different hydro module of samples and solvents used (1:50, 1:100 and 1:200). The highest total phenol content in the leaves of V. myrtillus L. and V. vitis-idaea L. was found when 40% ethanol extract was used (90.50 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW and 96.68 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DW, respectively). The highest total flavonoid content of the leaves of both species was obtained with 80 % ethanol as extraction solvent. The highest level of total proanthocyanidins were in the 60 % ethanol extract of V. myrtillus L. and in the 80 % ethanol extract of V. vitis-idaea L (13.12 ± 0.11 mg LE/g DW and 24.22 ± 0.21 mg LE/g DW, respectively). The highest ability to scavenge DPPH radicals possessed the 40 % ethanol extracts from the leaves of both species (693.99 ± 4.05 mM TE/g DW for V. myrtillus L. and 1083.18 ± 8.48 mM TE/g DW for V. vitis-idaea L). Data analysis showed that the maximal amount of polyphenols was extracted at a hydro-module of 1: 100. HPLC analysis revealed that the dominant phenolic acid in the leaves of V. myrtillus L was chlorogenic acid (13.45 mg/g DW), while ferulic acid (49.48 mg/g DW) was present at the highest concentration in the leaves of V. vitis-idaea L.

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