Antioxidant Capacity, Phytochemical Analysis and Identification of Active Compounds in Anchomanes difformis

Background: Anchomanes difformis (ENGL: Blume) is a specie of flowering plants in the family Araceae. Anchomanes difformis is commonly reported for ameliorating hyperglycemia, inflammation, ulcer, malaria, and inhibiting microbial growth. Objective: This study evaluated total yields of phytochemicals present, measured antioxidant capacities and identified bioactive compounds in the leaves and rhizome extracts of A. difformis using solvents of different polarity (ethyl acetate, ethanol and water). Methods: Total polyphenolic, flavonoid content and alkaloids were measured, ORAC, TEAC and FRAP were performed as antioxidant capacity indices, and identification of bioactive compounds was done using UPLC-MS and HPLC. Results: All extracts contained polyphenols, flavonols, flavanols, and alkaloids in varying concentrations. All extracts exhibited antioxidant properties. However, aqueous leaves extract had the highest antioxidant properties and polyphenols with significance (p<0.05). Thirty-four compounds were identified altogether in the leaves and rhizome. Conclusion: A. difformis leaves and rhizome are potential sources of natural antioxidants and can serve as potential therapeutic agents against diseases linked with oxidative stress. Presence of health-promoting compounds indicates possible ameliorative potentials of A. difformis.

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Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Potential of Bioactive Compounds in Aegle marmelos (L.): An Overview

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666180123151622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 306-317

Author(s):

Ena Gupta ◽

Snehlata Shakyawar ◽

Shanthy Sundaram

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Potential Role ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Review Article ◽

Aegle Marmelos ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

History Of ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Anti Fungal

Aegle Marmelos (L.) Correa (A. marmelos), is a medicinal plant of Rutaceae family having a long history of curative property in traditional medicine. This plant is a rich source of bioactive compounds and natural antioxidants which can be isolated from its various parts such as fruit (carotenoids, tannins, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, marmelosin, marmelide, psoralen, aurapten, luvangetin); leaf (phenols, lupeol, skimmianine, citral, aegeline, eugenol, citronella, marmesinine) and bark (marmin, skimmianine, fagarine) etc. Many clinical and pre-clinical researches suggest the therapeutic applications of A. marmelos, such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which play a potential role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This review article focuses on exploring novel bioactive compounds of the above plant possessing potential therapeutic and health promoting applications.

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QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATION OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v24i2pp350-354 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

GITA MISHRA ◽

HEMESHWER KUMAR CHANDRA ◽

NISHA SAHU ◽

SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA ◽

MONIKA BHADAURIA

Keyword(s):

Reducing Sugars ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

The Family ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Evaluation ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Pergularia daemia belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the present study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root parts of P. daemia . Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by standard methods. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of P. daemia showed presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloid, phytosterol, carbohydrate, phenol, saponin, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids proteins and reducing sugars. Quantitative analysis showed polyphenol, flavonoid, flavonone, flavone and flavonol in P. daemia leaves, stem and root in considerable quantity. The in vitro antioxidant activity of P. daemia clearly demonstrated that leaf, stem and root parts have prominent antioxidant properties and was effective in scavenging free radicals.

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Establishing Relationship between Vitamins, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activities in Various Honey Types

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4399

Author(s):

Norhasnida Zawawi ◽

Pei Juin Chong ◽

Nurul Nadhirah Mohd Tom ◽

Nurkhairina Solehah Saiful Anuar ◽

Salma Malihah Mohammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Biochemical Compounds ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Honey is a well-known natural sweetener and is rich in natural antioxidants that prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress, which is responsible for many human diseases. Some of the biochemical compounds in honey that contribute to this property are vitamins and phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, the extent to which these molecules contribute towards the antioxidant capacity in vitro is inconsistently reported, especially with the different analytical methods used, as well as other extrinsic factors that influence these molecules’ availability. Therefore, by reviewing recently published works correlating the vitamin, total phenolic, and flavonoid content in honey with its antioxidant activities in vitro, this paper will establish a relationship between these parameters. Based on the literature, vitamins do not contribute to honey’s antioxidant capacity; however, the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids has an impact on honey’s antioxidant activity.

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Bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of dried apricot

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1344193c ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 193-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jasna Canadanovic-Brunet ◽

Jelena Vulic ◽

Gordana Cetkovic ◽

Sonja Djilas ◽

Vesna Tumbas-Saponjac

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Food Industry ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Power Method ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Free Radical Scavenging Activities

Dried apricot was extracted using two different solvents: 80% ethanol and hexane. The contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins were determined in ethanol apricot extract (EAE), while the carotenoid content was determined in hexane apricot extracts (HAE) by spectrophotometric method. The detected amounts of bioactive compounds in dried apricot were: phenolics 498.13 ? 12.04 mg GAE/100g DA, flavonoids 218.45 ? 14.14 mg R/100g DA and anthocyanins 3.08 ? 0.40 mg CGE/100g DA. In dried apricot the ?-carotene was present in the amount of 0.56 ? 0.03 mg/100g DA. Some individual phenolic compounds in EAE were determined by HPLC analysis and the most dominant compound was gallic acid (35.02 ? 1.65 mg/100g DA). Free radical scavenging activities of EAE and HAE were tested spectrophotometrically using stable DPPH radicals and reducing power method. The EC50 value for EAE was 2.05 ? 0.06 mg/ml and for HAE was 6.28 ? 0.01 mg/ml. The RP0.5 values determined by reducing power method were 6.11 ? 0.01 mg/ml for EAE and 62.04 ? 0.03 mg/ml for HAE. The results indicate that dried apricot can be a valuable source of natural antioxidants and can be used as a functional food ingredient in the food industry.

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POTENSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF MESOCARP BUAH LONTAR (Borassus ﬂ abeliffer L.) SEBAGAI SUMBER ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI (Potency of Mesocarp Bioactive Compounds in Lontar Fruit (Borassus ﬂ abeliffer L.) as A Source of Natural Antioxidant)

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.9455 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (03) ◽

pp. 277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eny Idayati ◽

Suparmo Suparmo ◽

Purnama Darmadji

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Carotene Content ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Total Fat ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study was aimed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of borassus palm fruit mesocarp, to determine the best type of solvent to extract bioactive compounds by maceration method, and to evaluate the antioxidant properties of bioactive compounds using DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) method. Carotenoid was separated based on TLC(thin layer chromatography) method, which produced spots. To conﬁ rm the results, the spots were scanned using UV-vis spectrofotometry. The results showed that the water content of borassus fruit mesocarp was 77.31%, while total fat, ash content, and tannin were 0.11%, 1.43%, 0.08%, respectively. Total Carotenoid was 8324.6 µg/100g with β carotene content was 6217.48 microgram/100g. The best solvent used in extracting the bioactive compounds was ethanol and acetone with (1:1) ratio. The highest yield was 4.3% and bioactive compounds in palm fruit mesocarpextracts as antioxidants was about 87% as carried out by DPPH method, so it could become a potential antioxidant. TLC Identiﬁ cation produced two spots. One spot was identiﬁ ed as carotenoids from xanthophyll group and the other one was β-carotene.Keywords: Natural antioxidants, borassus palm fruit mesocarp, bioactive compounds ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk karakterisasi senyawa bioaktif dalam mesocarp buah lontar berdasarkan sifat ﬁsik dan kimia, mengetahui jenis pelarut terbaik untuk mengekstrak senyawa bioaktif dengan metode maserasi, serta mengevaluasi sifat antioksidan senyawa bioaktif mesocarp dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Dasarpemisahan karotenoid dengan metoda KLT (kromatograﬁ lapis tipis) pada ekstrak lalu dikuatkan dengan hasil scanning menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesocarp buah lontar mengandung kadar air 77,31%; total lemak 0,11%, kadar abu 1,43%; tanin 0,08%; total karotenoid 8324,6 µg/100g dengan kandungan senyawa karoten 6217,48 µg/100g. Perlakuan pelarut terbaik untuk proses ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif adalah etanol dan aseton dengan rasio (1:1). Hasil rendemen tertinggi yaitu 4,3% dan potensi senyawa bioaktif dalam ekstrak mesocarp buah lontar sebagai antioksidan dengan metode DPPH yaitu sekitar 87%, sehingga berpotensi sebagai salahsatu senyawa antioksidan. Identiﬁ kasi dengan metode KLT yang menghasilkan 2 noda yaitu noda 1 diduga karotenoid dari golongan xantoﬁ l dan noda 2 yatu karoten.Kata kunci: Antioksidan alami, mesocarp lontar, senyawa bioaktif

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Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox11010133 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Hernan Speisky ◽

Fereidoon Shahidi ◽

Adriano Costa de Camargo ◽

Jocelyn Fuentes

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Oxidative Modification ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Comprehensive Description ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Electrophilic Character

Flavonoids display a broad range of health-promoting bioactivities. Among these, their capacity to act as antioxidants has remained most prominent. The canonical reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging mode of the antioxidant action of flavonoids relies on the high susceptibility of their phenolic moieties to undergo oxidation. As a consequence, upon reaction with ROS, the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids is severely compromised. Other phenol-compromising reactions, such as those involved in the biotransformation of flavonoids, can also markedly affect their antioxidant properties. In recent years, however, increasing evidence has indicated that, at least for some flavonoids, the oxidation of such residues can in fact markedly enhance their original antioxidant properties. In such apparent paradoxical cases, the antioxidant activity arises from the pro-oxidant and/or electrophilic character of some of their oxidation-derived metabolites and is exerted by activating the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway, which upregulates the cell’s endogenous antioxidant capacity, and/or, by preventing the activation of the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. This review focuses on the effects that the oxidative and/or non-oxidative modification of the phenolic groups of flavonoids may have on the ability of the resulting metabolites to promote direct and/or indirect antioxidant actions. Considering the case of a metabolite resulting from the oxidation of quercetin, we offer a comprehensive description of the evidence that increasingly supports the concept that, in the case of certain flavonoids, the oxidation of phenolics emerges as a mechanism that markedly amplifies their original antioxidant properties. An overlooked topic of great phytomedicine potential is thus unraveled.

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Active Compound Identification in Extracts of N. lappaceum Peel and Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2020/4301891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Mariel Monrroy ◽

Onix Araúz ◽

José Renán García

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Compound Identification ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Food Industries ◽

By Products

Nephelium lappaceum and its by-products have great potential in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Some studies have shown that N. lappaceum by-products exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. However, studies focused on identifying these compounds are rare. The availability of polyphenolic compounds can vary according to environmental conditions, soil, plant variety, and agronomic management. Therefore, in this study, the active compounds in extracts of the N. lappaceum peel were identified, and their antioxidant properties were evaluated using various extraction solvents and both ultrasonic and boiling extraction techniques. The chemical characterization of the N. lappaceum peel exhibited carbohydrate and reducing sugar contents of 12 and 2%, respectively. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and steroids. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total antioxidant capacity were the highest in the hydroethanolic extract obtained by ultrasound, with values of 340 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1, 76 mg quercetin equivalents g−1, and 2.9 mmol of Trolox equivalents g−1, respectively. Contrarily, the total anthocyanin content was higher in the acid extract obtained by ultrasound, with a value of 0.7 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalents g−1. A total of 18 compounds—including hydroxybenzene, phenolic acid, flavonoids, fatty acids (saturated, unsaturated, and ester), vitamin, arenecarbaldehyde, and phthalate—were identified for the first time in the N. lappaceum peel using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified compounds have been previously isolated from other plants and reportedly exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Thus, the N. lappaceum peel was shown to be a potential source of bioactive compounds of immense importance in the pharmacological and food industries.

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Quality of New Functional Powdered Beverages Enriched with Lyophilized Fruits—Potentially Bioaccessible Antioxidant Properties, Nutritional Value, and Consumer Analysis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10113668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3668 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Justyna Bochnak-Niedźwiecka ◽

Michał Świeca

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Reducing Power ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽

Trolox Equivalent ◽

Health Promoting

This study evaluates nutrients and health-promoting compounds responsible for antioxidant capacity in eight novel formulations based on lyophilized fruit and vegetable powders. The composition contained lyophilized carrot, pumpkin, lentil sprouts, raspberry, strawberry, and apple. The effect of functional additives on the antioxidant, nutritional, and functional characteristics of powdered beverages was determined in the powders and after rehydration followed by in vitro digestion. The antioxidant activity, phenols, vitamin C, and reducing power were significantly higher in the powders enriched with additives having potential functional properties. Furthermore, the analyses indicated that all the powdered formulations may be potential sources of total starch (100–112 mg/100 mL) and proteins (125–139 mg/100 mL). The designed powdered beverages after reconstitution exhibited high antioxidant content, reasonable consumer acceptance, and good in vitro bioaccessibility. The best results of antioxidant capacity were obtained for beverages enriched with raspberry, i.e., 10.4 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 mL and 12.1 mg TE/100 mL rehydrated at 20 °C and 80 °C, respectively. Additionally, color characteristics were used as indicators of the quality of the powdered beverages. This research promotes the reduction of food waste, since whole plant tissues are used, thus allowing maximum exploitation of food raw materials; moreover, drying provides stable shelf life.

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Black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum) tea has higher phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant properties than red goji berry (Lycium barbarum) tea

Food Quality and Safety ◽

10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 193-201

Author(s):

Bei Liu ◽

Qingqing Xu ◽

Yujing Sun

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Lycium Barbarum ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Goji Berry ◽

Good Habit

Abstract Goji berry tea, a traditional herbal tea, is the main ate mode of goji berry in Asia, yet few studies in comparison with red goji berry tea and black goji berry tea are carried out. This study investigated the effects of water temperature and soak time on the colour, phytochemicals, and the antioxidant capacity [2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] of two goji berry tea. A comparison of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities between black and red goji berry tea was conducted. Results showed that both red and black goji berry tea were rich in phytochemicals, giving high antioxidant ability. The levels of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the two goji berry tea increased as the increases in soak temperature and time. Black goji berry tea had higher phytochemicals and antioxidant property than those of red goji berry tea. Infused at 100° water for the same time, the levels of total polysaccharides (150 mg/100 ml), total polyphenols (238 mg/ml), and antioxidant capacity (550 μmol/100 ml) of black goji berry tea were 3.5, 2, and 5 times higher, respectively, in comparison with red goji berry tea. The results of this study demonstrate that hot drink of goji berry in China is a good habit and black goji berry tea may be a better choice.

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Valorization of Natural Antioxidants for Nutritional and Health Applications

10.5772/intechopen.96111 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Ferreira-Santos ◽

Zlatina Genisheva ◽

Claudia Botelho ◽

Cristina Rocha ◽

José António Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

In Vivo Studies

The significant increase in the world population age, 47 years in 1950 to 73 years in 2020, resulted in an increase in aging related diseases as well as in degenerative diseases. In consequence, researchers have been focusing in the development of new therapies, with a particular emphasis on the use of compounds with antioxidant properties, namely phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the phytochemicals antioxidant capacity. Their use is broad, as they can be part of food supplements, medicine and cosmetics. The health benefit of antioxidant phytochemicals is an indisputable question. Phytochemical properties are highly influenced by the natural matrix as well as by extraction process, which have a key role. There are several extraction methods that can be applied depending on the chemical properties of the bioactive compounds. There is a wide range of solvents with different polarities, which allows a selective extraction of the desired target family of compounds. Greener technologies have the advantage to reduce extraction time and solvent quantity in comparison to the most traditional methods. This chapter will focus on the different green extraction strategies related to the recovery of antioxidant bioactive compounds from natural sources, their nutritional and health potential.

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