Valorization of Natural Antioxidants for Nutritional and Health Applications

The significant increase in the world population age, 47 years in 1950 to 73 years in 2020, resulted in an increase in aging related diseases as well as in degenerative diseases. In consequence, researchers have been focusing in the development of new therapies, with a particular emphasis on the use of compounds with antioxidant properties, namely phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the phytochemicals antioxidant capacity. Their use is broad, as they can be part of food supplements, medicine and cosmetics. The health benefit of antioxidant phytochemicals is an indisputable question. Phytochemical properties are highly influenced by the natural matrix as well as by extraction process, which have a key role. There are several extraction methods that can be applied depending on the chemical properties of the bioactive compounds. There is a wide range of solvents with different polarities, which allows a selective extraction of the desired target family of compounds. Greener technologies have the advantage to reduce extraction time and solvent quantity in comparison to the most traditional methods. This chapter will focus on the different green extraction strategies related to the recovery of antioxidant bioactive compounds from natural sources, their nutritional and health potential.

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Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources and Agricultural By-Products

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114897 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4897

Author(s):

Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez ◽

M. Vanessa Torres-Cornejo ◽

Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera ◽

Jose A. Mendiola

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

By Products

In this work, a review about the applicability of eutectic solvents, mainly deep eutectic solvents (DES) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products has been carried out. These alternative solvents have shown not only to have high extraction yields but also to be environmentally friendly, exhibiting very low or almost no toxicity, compared to conventional organic solvents. The last trends and main extraction methods that have been most widely used in studies using these emerging solvents have been reviewed, as well as the varied natural sources in which they have been used, including agro-food by-products. Besides the toxicity, biodegradability of these solvents is reviewed. Likewise, different reported bioactivity tests have been included, in which extracts obtained with these ecological solvents have been tested from antioxidant activity analysis to in vivo studies with rats, through in vitro cytotoxicity tests.

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Isoliquiritigenin Pretreatment Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Hormesis and Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Damage in LLC-PK1 Cells

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25194442 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (19) ◽

pp. 4442

Author(s):

Tania Gómez-Sierra ◽

Omar Noel Medina-Campos ◽

José D. Solano ◽

María Elena Ibarra-Rubio ◽

José Pedraza-Chaverri

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Er Stress ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Pretreatment Time

Isoliquiritigenin (IsoLQ) is a flavonoid with antioxidant properties and inducer of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In vitro and in vivo studies show that ER stress-mediated hormesis is cytoprotective; therefore, natural antioxidants and ER stress inducers have been used to prevent renal injury. Oxidative stress and ER stress are some of the mechanisms of damage involved in cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity. This study aims to explore whether IsoLQ pretreatment induces ER stress and produces hormesis to protect against CP-induced nephrotoxicity in Lilly Laboratories Cell-Porcine Kidney 1 (LLC-PK1) cells. During the first stage of this study, both IsoLQ protective concentration and pretreatment time against CP-induced toxicity were determined by cell viability. At the second stage, the effect of IsoLQ pretreatment on cell viability, ER stress, and oxidative stress were evaluated. IsoLQ pretreatment in CP-treated cells induces expression of glucose-related proteins 78 and 94 kDa (GRP78 and GRP94, respectively), attenuates CP-induced cell death, decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and prevents the decrease in glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio, free thiols levels, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity. These data suggest that IsoLQ pretreatment has a moderately protective effect on CP-induced toxicity in LLC-PK1 cells, through ER stress-mediated hormesis, as well as by the antioxidant properties of IsoLQ.

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How Fermentation Affects the Antioxidant Properties of Cereals and Legumes

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8090362 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 362 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Michela Verni ◽

Vito Verardo ◽

Carlo Rizzello

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Metabolic Activities

The major role of antioxidant compounds in preserving food shelf life, as well as providing health promoting benefits, combined with the increasing concern towards synthetic antioxidants, has led the scientific community to focus on natural antioxidants present in food matrices or resulting from microbial metabolism during fermentation. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the effect of fermentation on the antioxidant compounds of vegetables, with emphasis on cereals- and legumes- derived foods. Polyphenols are the main natural antioxidants in food. However, they are often bound to cell wall, glycosylated, or in polymeric forms, which affect their bioaccessibility, yet several metabolic activities are involved in their release or conversion in more active forms. In some cases, the antioxidant properties in vitro, were also confirmed during in vivo studies. Similarly, bioactive peptides resulted from bacterial and fungal proteolysis, were also found to have ex vivo protective effect against oxidation. Fermentation also influenced the bioaccessibility of other compounds, such as vitamins and exopolysaccharides, enabling a further improvement of antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. The ability of fermentation to improve food antioxidant properties strictly relies on the metabolic activities of the starter used, and to further demonstrate its potential, more in vivo studies should be carried out.

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Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200928160357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽

Bhasha Shanmugam ◽

Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽

Sahukari Ravi ◽

Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

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Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Plants Belonging to the Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) Genus

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 952

Author(s):

Małgorzata Chrząszcz ◽

Barbara Krzemińska ◽

Rafał Celiński ◽

Katarzyna Szewczyk

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Antioxidative Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Antioxidant Effect ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Phenolic Composition

The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of interesting secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and hemolytic effects. Besides these compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in Cephalaria species. Cephalaria is employed in traditional medicine e.g., to cure cardiac and lung diseases, rheumatism, and regulate menstruation. In this review we focus on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidative activity of Cephalaria species. The antioxidant effect can be explained by flavonoids present in all parts of these plants. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm the possibility of using these plants as natural antioxidants for the pharmacology, food or cosmetic industries.

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The Immunomodulatory Effects of Honey and Associated Flavonoids in Cancer

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1269

Author(s):

Razan J. Masad ◽

Shoja M. Haneefa ◽

Yassir A. Mohamed ◽

Ashraf Al-Sbiei ◽

Ghada Bashir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Cancer Cell Growth ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Immunomodulatory Properties

Honey has exerted a high impact in the field of alternative medicine over many centuries. In addition to its wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant properties, several lines of evidence have highlighted the efficiency of honey and associated bioactive constituents as anti-tumor agents against a range of cancer types. Mechanistically, honey was shown to inhibit cancer cell growth through its pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects. However, the potential of honey to regulate anti-tumor immune responses is relatively unexplored. A small number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the ability of honey to modulate the immune system by inducing immunostimulatory as well as anti-inflammatory effects. In the present review, we summarize the findings from different studies that aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of honey and its flavonoid components in relation to cancer. While these studies provide promising data, additional research is needed to further elucidate the immunomodulatory properties of honey, and to enable its utilization as an adjuvant therapy in cancer.

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POTENSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF MESOCARP BUAH LONTAR (Borassus ﬂ abeliffer L.) SEBAGAI SUMBER ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI (Potency of Mesocarp Bioactive Compounds in Lontar Fruit (Borassus ﬂ abeliffer L.) as A Source of Natural Antioxidant)

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.9455 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (03) ◽

pp. 277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eny Idayati ◽

Suparmo Suparmo ◽

Purnama Darmadji

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Carotene Content ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Total Fat ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study was aimed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of borassus palm fruit mesocarp, to determine the best type of solvent to extract bioactive compounds by maceration method, and to evaluate the antioxidant properties of bioactive compounds using DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) method. Carotenoid was separated based on TLC(thin layer chromatography) method, which produced spots. To conﬁ rm the results, the spots were scanned using UV-vis spectrofotometry. The results showed that the water content of borassus fruit mesocarp was 77.31%, while total fat, ash content, and tannin were 0.11%, 1.43%, 0.08%, respectively. Total Carotenoid was 8324.6 µg/100g with β carotene content was 6217.48 microgram/100g. The best solvent used in extracting the bioactive compounds was ethanol and acetone with (1:1) ratio. The highest yield was 4.3% and bioactive compounds in palm fruit mesocarpextracts as antioxidants was about 87% as carried out by DPPH method, so it could become a potential antioxidant. TLC Identiﬁ cation produced two spots. One spot was identiﬁ ed as carotenoids from xanthophyll group and the other one was β-carotene.Keywords: Natural antioxidants, borassus palm fruit mesocarp, bioactive compounds ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk karakterisasi senyawa bioaktif dalam mesocarp buah lontar berdasarkan sifat ﬁsik dan kimia, mengetahui jenis pelarut terbaik untuk mengekstrak senyawa bioaktif dengan metode maserasi, serta mengevaluasi sifat antioksidan senyawa bioaktif mesocarp dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Dasarpemisahan karotenoid dengan metoda KLT (kromatograﬁ lapis tipis) pada ekstrak lalu dikuatkan dengan hasil scanning menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesocarp buah lontar mengandung kadar air 77,31%; total lemak 0,11%, kadar abu 1,43%; tanin 0,08%; total karotenoid 8324,6 µg/100g dengan kandungan senyawa karoten 6217,48 µg/100g. Perlakuan pelarut terbaik untuk proses ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif adalah etanol dan aseton dengan rasio (1:1). Hasil rendemen tertinggi yaitu 4,3% dan potensi senyawa bioaktif dalam ekstrak mesocarp buah lontar sebagai antioksidan dengan metode DPPH yaitu sekitar 87%, sehingga berpotensi sebagai salahsatu senyawa antioksidan. Identiﬁ kasi dengan metode KLT yang menghasilkan 2 noda yaitu noda 1 diduga karotenoid dari golongan xantoﬁ l dan noda 2 yatu karoten.Kata kunci: Antioksidan alami, mesocarp lontar, senyawa bioaktif

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A Mini Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Fermented Foods

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10121973 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1973 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bhagavathi Sivamaruthi ◽

Periyanaina Kesika ◽

Mani Prasanth ◽

Chaiyavat Chaiyasut

Keyword(s):

Functional Properties ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Gastrointestinal Health ◽

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

The Government

In general, fermented foods (FFs) are considered as functional foods. Since the awareness about the health benefits of FFs has increased, the consumption of FF also improved significantly in recent decades. Diabetes is one of the leading threats of the health span of an individual. The present manuscript details the general methods of the production of FFs, and the results of various studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies) on the antidiabetic properties of FFs. The fermentation method and the active microbes involved in the process play a crucial role in the functional properties of FFs. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported on the health-promoting properties of FFs, such as anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant properties, improved cognitive function and gastrointestinal health, and the reduced presence of metabolic disorders. The studies on the functional properties of FFs by randomized controlled clinical trials using human volunteers are very limited for several reasons, including ethical reasons, safety concerns, approval from the government, etc. Several scientific teams are working on the development of complementary and alternative medicines to improve the treatment strategies for hyperglycemia.

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Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic properties of liquid crystal monomers and their detection in indoor residential dust

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1915322116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (52) ◽

pp. 26450-26458 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huijun Su ◽

Shaobo Shi ◽

Ming Zhu ◽

Doug Crump ◽

Robert J. Letcher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystal ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Liquid Crystal Displays ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Indoor Environments ◽

Initial Screening ◽

Environmental Matrices ◽

The World

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are used widely in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which are dramatically changing the world due to the provision of convenient communication. However, there are essentially no published reports on the fate and/or effects of LCMs in the environment. Of 362 currently produced LCMs, 87 were identified as persistent and bioaccumulative (P&B) chemicals, which indicated that these chemicals would exhibit resistance to degradation and exhibit mobility after entering the environment. Following exposure to mixtures of LCM collected from 6 LCD devices, significant modulation of 5 genes,CYP1A4,PDK4,FGF19,LBFABP, andTHRSP, was observed in vitro. Modulation of expressions of mRNAs coding for these genes has frequently been reported for toxic (T) persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In LCM mixtures, 33 individual LCMs were identified by use of mass spectrometry and screened for in 53 samples of dust from indoor environments. LCMs were detectable in 47% of analyzed samples, and 17 of the 33 LCMs were detectable in at least 1 sample of dust. Based on chemical properties, including P&B&T of LCMs and their ubiquitous detection in dust samples, the initial screening information suggests a need for studies to determine status and trends in concentrations of LCMs in various environmental matrices as well as tissues of humans and wildlife. There is also a need for more comprehensive in vivo studies to determine toxic effects and potencies of LCMs during chronic, sublethal exposures.

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Therapeutic and preventive properties of honey and its bioactive compounds in cancer: an evidence-based review

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s0954422419000192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 50-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sadia Afrin ◽

Shoja M. Haneefa ◽

Maria J. Fernandez-Cabezudo ◽

Francesca Giampieri ◽

Basel K. al-Ramadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Cancer Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Preclinical Animal Models

AbstractDespite the much improved therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment that have been developed over the past 50 years, cancer remains a major cause of mortality globally. Considerable epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated an association between ingestion of food and nutrients with either an increased risk for cancer or its prevention. There is rising interest in exploring agents derived from natural products for chemoprevention or for therapeutic purposes. Honey is rich in nutritional and non-nutritional bioactive compounds, as well as in natural antioxidants, and its potential beneficial function in human health is becoming more evident. A large number of studies have addressed the anti-cancer effects of different types of honey and their phenolic compounds using in vitro and in vivo cancer models. The reported findings affirm that honey is an agent able to modulate oxidative stress and has anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and anti-metastatic properties. However, despite its reported anti-cancer activities, very few clinical studies have been undertaken. In the present review, we summarise the findings from different experimental approaches, including in vitro cell cultures, preclinical animal models and clinical studies, and provide an overview of the bioactive profile and bioavailability of the most commonly studied honey types, with special emphasis on the chemopreventive and therapeutic properties of honey and its major phenolic compounds in cancer. The implications of these findings as well as the future prospects of utilising honey to fight cancer will be discussed.

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