scholarly journals Time-Dependent Degradation of Polyphenols from Thermally-Processed Berries and Their In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects against Melanoma

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorița Diaconeasa
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acids

Polyphenols are natural occurring micronutrients that can protect plants from natural weathering and are also helpful to humans. These compounds are abundantly found in fruits or berries. Because of berry seasonal availability and also due to their rapid degradation, people have found multiple ways to preserve them. The most common options are freezing or making jams. Polyphenol stability, during processing is a continuous challenge for the food industry. There are also multiple published data providing that they are sensitive to light, pH or high temperature, vectors which are all present during jam preparation. In this context the aim of this study was to assess phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds degradation after jam preparation. We also monitored their degradation during storage time and their in vitro antiproliferative potential when tested on melanoma cells. The obtained results revealed that when processed and stored in time, the bioactive compounds from berries jams are degrading, but they still exert antioxidant and antiproliferative potential. Prior to LC-MS analysis, polyphenolic compounds were identified as: flavonoids (anthocyanins (ANT), flavonols (FLA)) and non-flavonoid (hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) and hydroxybenzoic acids (HBA)). The most significant decrease was observed for HCA compared to other classes of compounds. This variation is expected due to differences in constituents and phenolic types among different analyzed berries.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles as Novel Elicitors to Improve Bioactive Compounds in Plants

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Samantha de Jesus Rivero-Montejo ◽  
Marcela Vargas-Hernandez ◽  
Irineo Torres-Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, phenolics acids, alkaloids and carotenoids) are commercially-valued products, due to their wide array of applications in the medical, pharmacological, cosmetic, agriculture and food industry. A strategy applied to increase or enhancing bioactive compounds production in plants is controlled elicitation. In recent years, many researchers have studied the role of nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel elicitor for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds shown that the NPs could affect the plant’s secondary metabolism in plant and culture systems. In this sense, recent studies have highlighted the potential applications of nanotechnology in crop production by improving the nutraceutical and nutritional quality of plants. In this review, we present studies about the application of NPs to enhance the production of bioactive plant metabolites. The aforementioned studies in ex vitro as in vitro, in addition to the effect of post-harvest by NPs application.

scholarly journals Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mukarram ◽  
Sadaf Choudhary ◽  
Mo Ahamad Khan ◽  
Palmiro Poltronieri ◽  
M. Masroor A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

The prominent cultivation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) relies on the pharmacological incentives of its essential oil. Lemongrass essential oil (LEO) carries a significant amount of numerous bioactive compounds, such as citral (mixture of geranial and neral), isoneral, isogeranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, citronellal, citronellol, germacrene-D, and elemol, in addition to other bioactive compounds. These components confer various pharmacological actions to LEO, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. These LEO attributes are commercially exploited in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food preservations industries. Furthermore, the application of LEO in the treatment of cancer opens a new vista in the field of therapeutics. Although different LEO components have shown promising anticancer activities in vitro, their effects have not yet been assessed in the human system. Hence, further studies on the anticancer mechanisms conferred by LEO components are required. The present review intends to provide a timely discussion on the relevance of LEO in combating cancer and sustaining human healthcare, as well as in food industry applications.

scholarly journals Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Different Solvent Extract/Fractions From Sphaeranthus indicus L. Flowers: From Traditional Therapies to Bioactive Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Ibtesam Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Hammad Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sphaeranthus Indicus

Sphaeranthus indicus L. is a medicinal herb having widespread traditional uses for treating common ailments. The present research work aims to explore the in-depth phytochemical composition and in vitro reactivity of six different polarity solvents (methanol, n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) extracts/fractions of S. indicus flowers. The phytochemical composition was accomplished by determining total bioactive contents, HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification, and UHPLC-MS secondary metabolomics. The reactivity of the phenolic compounds was tested through the following biochemical assays: antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation) and enzyme inhibition (AChE, BChE, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, urease, and tyrosinase) assays were performed. The methanol extract showed the highest values for phenolic (94.07 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (78.7 mg QE/g extract) contents and was also the most active for α-glucosidase inhibition as well as radical scavenging and reducing power potential. HPLC-PDA analysis quantified rutin, naringenin, chlorogenic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, and epicatechin in a significant amount. UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts revealed the presence of well-known phytocompounds; most of these were phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoside derivatives. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest inhibition against tyrosinase and urease, while the n-hexane fraction was most active for α-amylase. Moreover, principal component analysis highlighted the positive correlation between bioactive compounds and the tested extracts. Overall, S. indicus flower extracts were found to contain important phytochemicals, hence could be further explored to discover novel bioactive compounds that could be a valid starting point for future pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals applications.

scholarly journals Phytochemical composition and bioactivities of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.): review of recent research advances

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Health Promoting

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) is one of the most famous plants which has been used as natural medicine and nutraceutical. Its phytochemical composition, bioactive compounds and health benefits have been intensively studied and hawthorn preparations may be recognized as classical natural products for cardiovascular health. Polyphenolic compounds of different hawthorn anatomical parts as well as their extracts have been the focus of a majority of these studies, although various other classes of natural health promoting constituents have also been isolated, identified and characterized. Regardless, numerous published reports have particularly focused on the activity mechanisms which are very important for supporting various health benefits. This review summarizes the most recent studies on hawthorn, mainly published since 2015. Search of different databases indicates that approximately 200 publications, which are relevant to phytochemistry and health benefits of Crataegus spp., have appeared since then, most of them have not been included in the existing reviews.

scholarly journals Antiproliferative Activity of Stokesia laevis Ethanolic Extract in Combination with Several Food-Related Bioactive Compounds; In Vitro (CaCO2) And in Silico Docking (TNKS1) Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgeta Neagu ◽  
Amalia Stefaniu ◽  
Adrian Albulescu ◽  
Lucia Pintilie ◽  
Lucia Camelia Pirvu
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
In Silico Docking

In this study, five polyphenol compounds (reference substances, ref.) were added to Stokesia laevis (Slae26) ethanolic extract (5 mg GAE / mL) in order to test their antiproliferative effects on human colon tumor cell line Caco-2 (ATCC-HTB-37). The five phenolics (ref.) are luteolin-7-O-glucoside (orientin), luteolin-8-C-glucoside (cinnaroside), caffeic acid, gentisic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and they were combined in ratio 1:1 between the active compounds in samples (GAE : ref.). Results indicated certain antiproliferative effects of Slae26 (IC50=36 μg GAE/mL sample), of the five reference compounds, but mainly of Slae26 combinations with the five phenolics tested (ref.). Punctually, there were obtained IC50 values around 5 μg/mL sample, signifying real therapeutic usefulness and antitumor potency of Slae26 combinations with the five food bioactive compounds tested. In silico docking studies provided potential therapeutic agents to inhibit the catalytic domain of human tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) in the series of food bioactive compounds tested, and revealed luteolin-7-O-glucoside high effectiveness.

scholarly journals Biospeckle Analysis and Biofilm Electrostatic Tests, Two Useful Methods in Microbiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-573
Author(s):  
Emilia Oleandro ◽  
Simonetta Grilli ◽  
Romina Rega ◽  
Martina Mugnano ◽  
Vittorio Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fast Evaluation ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Biological Matrix ◽  
Innovative Tool

The development of more sensitive methodologies, capable of quickly detecting and monitoring a microbial population present in a specific biological matrix, as well as performing to allow for the study of all its metabolic changes (e.g., during the formation of biofilm) to occur, is an essential requirement for both well-being and the food industry. Two techniques, in particular, have gained the attention of scientists: The first is “biospeckle”, an optical technique representing an innovative tool for applications in food quality, food safety, and nutraceuticals. With this technique, we can quickly evaluate and monitor the presence of bacteria (or their proliferation) in a solid or liquid biological matrix. In addition, the technique is helpful in quantifying and optimizing the correct storage time of the pro-biotics, if they are entrapped in matrices such as alginate and follow their survival rate in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. A second technique with great chances is the “biofilm electrostatic test” (BET). BET undoubtedly represents a fast, simple, and highly reproducible tool suitable for admitting the evaluation of the in vitro bacterial capacity in order to adhere through an electrostatic interaction with a pyro-electrified carrier after only 2 h of incubation. BET could represent the way for a quick and standardized evaluation of bacterial resistance among biofilm-producing microorganisms through a fast evaluation of the potential presence of the biofilm.

scholarly journals Targeting Melanoma-Initiating Cells by Caffeine: In Silico and In Vitro Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3619
Author(s):  
Claudio Tabolacci ◽  
Martina Cordella ◽  
Stefania Rossi ◽  
Marialaura Bonaccio ◽  
Adriana Eramo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Large Heterogeneity

The beneficial effects of coffee on human diseases are well documented, but the molecular mechanisms of its bioactive compounds on cancer are not completely elucidated. This is likely due to the large heterogeneity of coffee preparations and different coffee-based beverages, but also to the choice of experimental models where proliferation, differentiation and immune responses are differently affected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of one of the most interesting bioactive compounds in coffee, i.e., caffeine, using a cellular model of melanoma at a defined differentiation level. A preliminary in silico analysis carried out on public gene-expression databases identified genes potentially involved in caffeine’s effects and suggested some specific molecular targets, including tyrosinase. Proliferation was investigated in vitro on human melanoma initiating cells (MICs) and cytokine expression was measured in conditioned media. Tyrosinase was revealed as a key player in caffeine’s mechanisms of action, suggesting a crucial role in immunomodulation through the reduction in IL-1β, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES secretion onto MICs conditioned media. The potent antiproliferative effects of caffeine on MICs are likely to occur by promoting melanin production and reducing inflammatory signals’ secretion. These data suggest tyrosinase as a key player mediating the effects of caffeine on melanoma.

Production of Novel Bioactive Compounds by the Bacteria Associated with Some Marine Sponges of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, Southeast Coast of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
V. Ramadas ◽  
G. Chandralega
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Palk Bay ◽  
Excellent Source

Sponges, exclusively are aquatic and mostly marine, are found from the deepest oceans to the edge of the sea. There are approximately 15,000 species of sponges in the world, of which, 150 occur in freshwater, but only about 17 are of commercial value. A total of 486 species of sponges have been identified in India. In the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay a maximum of 319 species of sponges have been recorded. It has been proved that marine organisms are excellent source of bioactive secondary metabolites and number of compounds of originated from marine organisms had been reported to possess in-vitro and in-vivo immuno stimulatory activity. Extracts from 20 sponge species were tested for bacterial symbionts and bioactive compounds were isolated from such associated bacterial species in the present study.

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