scholarly journals Characterization and Phytotoxicity Assessment of Essential Oils from Plant Byproducts

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Domenico Trombetta ◽  
Laura Cornara ◽  
Marco Valussi ◽  
Vincenzo De Feo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Wide Range

The present work describes the chemical characterization and the phytotoxicity assessment of essential oils (EOs) obtained from spent materials or pruning waste of four plant species: Zingiber officinale Roscoe used in the juicing industry, Pistacia vera L. var. Bronte used in the food industry, discarded material of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. Futura 75), and pruning waste from Cupressus sempervirens L. The phytochemical profile of the EOs was evaluated by gas chromatographic flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and GC-MS analyses, which highlighted the presence of several compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Among them, application possibilities in agriculture were evaluated by studying the phytotoxic activity in vitro against germination and initial radical growth of several seeds such as Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., Lactuca sativa L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., and Portulaca oleracea L.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Cytotoxicity of Some Essential Oils for Translation in Cancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Russo ◽  
Maria Tiziana Corasaniti ◽  
Giacinto Bagetta ◽  
Luigi Antonio Morrone
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

Essential oils are complex mixtures of several components endowed with a wide range of biological activities, including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic properties. A growing body of scientific reports has recently focused on the potential of essential oils as anticancer treatment in the attempt to overcome the development of multidrug resistance and important side effects associated with the antitumor drugs currently used. In this review we discuss the literature on the effects of essential oils in  in vitroandin vivomodels of cancer, focusing on the studies performed with the whole phytocomplex rather than single constituents.

scholarly journals Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of Thymus satureioides Coss.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Naoufal El Hachlafi ◽  
Abderrahim Chebat ◽  
Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Thymus Satureioides

Thymus satureioides Coss. (Lamiaceae) is a Moroccan medicinal plant locally known as “Azkouni” or “Zaitra.” It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including hypertension, diabetes, cold, fever, dermatological and circulatory disorders, immune problems, bronchitis, nociception, cooling, pharyngitis, cough, and influenza. The current review aims to critically summarize the literature on ethnopharmacological uses, chemical profile, and pharmacological investigations of T. satureioides in order to provide data support and scientific evidences for further investigations. Electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Medline were used to gather data on T. satureioides. Chemical characterization of T. satureioides essential oils (EOs) and extracts allowed to identify a total of 139 bioactive compounds, mainly belonging to the terpenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids classes. T. satureioides especially its essential oils exhibited numerous biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiparasitic, and hypolipedemic activities. In light of these findings, further studies to transmute the traditional application of T. satureioides into scientific-based information are strongly required. Additional in vivo pharmacological studies are recommended to validate the results of the in vitro studies. Moreover, comprehensive preclinical and clinical trials on the pharmacological mechanisms of action of this plant and its bioactive compounds on molecular targets should be performed. Finally, more efforts must be focused on toxicological assessments and pharmacokinetic studies, in order to ensure the safety and the efficiency of T. satureioides.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of the essential oils of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 17766-17772
Author(s):  
Cicera Janaine Camilo ◽  
Natália Kelly Gomes Carvalho ◽  
Carla de Fatima Alves Nonato ◽  
Débora Odília Duarte Leite ◽  
Alexandro Rodrigues Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe

Chalcones: As potent α-amylase enzyme inhibitors; synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboob Ali ◽  
Momin Khan ◽  
Khair Zaman ◽  
Abdul Wadood ◽  
Maryam Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Chalcone Derivatives ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Wide Range

: Background: The inhibition of α-amylase enzyme is one of the best therapeutic approach for the management of type II diabetes mellitus. Chalcone possesses a wide range of biological activities. Objective: In the current study chalcone derivatives (1-17) were synthesized and evaluated their inhibitory potential against α-amylase enzyme. Method: For that purpose, a library of substituted (E)-1-(naphthalene-2-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ones was synthesized by ClaisenSchmidt condensation reaction of 2-acetonaphthanone and substituted aryl benzaldehyde in the presence of base and characterized via different spectroscopic techniques such as EI-MS, HREI-MS, 1H-, and 13C-NMR. Results: Sixteen synthetic chalcones were evaluated for in vitro porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibition. All the chalcones demonstrated good inhibitory activities in the range of IC50 = 1.25 ± 1.05 to 2.40 ± 0.09 μM as compared to the standard commercial drug acarbose (IC50 = 1.34 ± 0.3 μM). Conclusion: Chalcone derivatives (1-17) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their α-amylase inhibition. SAR revealed that electron donating groups in the phenyl ring have more influence on enzyme inhibition. However, to insight the participation of different substituents in the chalcones on the binding interactions with the α-amylase enzyme, in silico (computer simulation) molecular modeling analyses were carried out.

Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhi Srivastava ◽  
Paul A. K.
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.

Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel 1-Sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol Derivatives as Fungicidal Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genqiang Chen ◽  
Lina Zhu ◽  
Jiaxuan He ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Yuanhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Skeleton ◽  
Acyloxy Group

Background: Developing the high-efficiency and low-risk small-molecule green-fungicide is the key to effective control of the plant pathogenic oomycetes. Essential oils play a very important role in novel fungicide discovery for their unique sources and potential target sites. Eugenol, a kind of plant essential oil, was mainly isolated from the unopened and dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum of the Myrtaceae family. Due to its unique structural skeleton, eugenol and its derivatives have exhibited a wide range of biological activities. However, study on the synthesis of novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol derivatives as fungicidal agents against Phytophthora capsici has not yet been reported. Methods: Twenty-six novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol derivatives (3a-p and 5a-j) were prepared and their structures were well characterized by 1H NMR, HRMS, and m.p.. Their fungicidal activity was evaluated against P. capsici by using the mycelial growth rate method. Results: To find novel natural-product-based fungicidal agents to control the plant pathogenic oomycetes, we herein designed and synthesized two series of novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol derivatives (3a-p and 5a-j) as fungicidal agents against P. capsici Leonian, in vitro. Results of fungicidal activity revealed that, among all compounds, especially compounds 3a, 3f, and 3n displayed the most potent anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici with EC50 values of 79.05, 75.05, and 70.80, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that the anti-oomycete activity of eugenol with the sulfonyloxy group was higher than that with the acyloxy group. It is suggested that the fungicidal activity of eugenol can be improved by introducing the sulfonyloxy group. This will pave the way for further design, structural modification, and to develop eugenol derivatives as fungicidal agents.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity of the organic extract of Cladonia substellata Vainio and usnic acid against Staphylococcus spp. obtained from cats and dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusciêne B. Moura ◽  
Agueda C. de Vargas ◽  
Gisele V. Gouveia ◽  
João J. de S. Gouveia ◽  
Juracy C. Ramos-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

ABSTRACT: Cladonia substellata Vainio is a lichen found in different regions of the world, including the Northeast of Brazil. It contains several secondary metabolites with biological activity, including usnic acid, which has exhibited a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the organic extract of C. substellata and purified usnic acid. Initially, Staphylococcus spp., derived from samples of skin and ears of dogs and cats with suspected pyoderma and otitis, were isolated and analyzed. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing against Staphylococcus spp., 77% (105/136) of the isolates were resistant to the antimicrobials tested. In the assessment of biofilm production, 83% (113/136) were classified as producing biofilm. In genetic characterization, 32% (44/136) were positive for blaZ, no isolate (0/136) was positive for the mecA gene, and 2% (3/136) were positive for the icaD gene. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the organic extract of C. substellata and purified usnic acid against Staphylococcus spp. ranged from 0.25mg/mL to 0.0019mg/mL, inhibiting bacterial growth at low concentrations. The substances were more effective against biofilm-producing bacteria (0.65mg/mL-0.42mg/mL) when compared to non-biofilm producing bacteria (2.52mg/mL-2.71mg/mL). Usnic acid and the organic extract of C. substellata can be effective in the treatment of pyoderma and otitis in dogs and cats caused by Staphylococcus spp.

scholarly journals Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) leaf and flower essential oils to control Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini (Arachnida: Ixodidae) in the free-living stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e5049108788
Author(s):  
Luciane Neris Cazella ◽  
Herika Line de Marko de Oliveira ◽  
Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci ◽  
Isabelle Luiz Rahal ◽  
Irinéia Paulina Baretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Egg Hatchability

Baccharis dracunculifolia, native to Brazil and the main source of “green propolis”, has been reported with several biological activities, and may be a source of bovine tick control substituting synthetic acaricides. Objective: to evaluate the in vitro and ex situ acaricidal activity of B. dracunculifolia leaf and flower essential oils against Rhipicephalus microplus. Methodology: the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; the acaricidal activity of the essential oil was evaluated in vitro against adult females and against the egg hatchability; moreover, the acaricidal activity against tick larvae was evaluated in vitro and ex situ. Results: the major class of the essential oils was oxygenated sesquiterpene (55.1% leaves 50.4% flowers) and the main compounds were (21.5% leaves; 20.6% flowers) and spathulenol (21.8% leaves; 20.3% flowers). The essential oil at 500 mg/mL was effective to control egg hatchability with a reduction of egg laying capacity and decrease of number of adult ticks and larvae. The larvicidal activity of the essential oil had LC99.9 from 35 to 37 mg/mL by probit analysis, and the essential oil from 11 to 14 mg/mL presented 85 to 95% of treatment efficiency in the ex situ test. Conclusion: B. dracunculifolia leaf and flower essential oils are stable and have application potential to control bovine ticks.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization and Antidiabetic Activity of Essential Oils from Pelargonium graveolens Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Javed Ahamad ◽  
Subasini Uthirapathy
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens

Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) is a source of the finest quality of fragrance and its essential oils are used as antibacterial, and antifungal agents. The aim of the current research is to determine chemical constituents in the essential oil of P. graveolens by GC-MS and evaluate its antidiabetic activity via α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The chemical composition of P. graveolens essential oil was determined by GC/MS and its antidiabetic activity was assessed through inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme in in-vitro models. GC-MS analysis determines 36 chemical components in the essential oil of P. graveolens leaves, and citronellyl isovalerate (10.41 %), menthol (9.61 %), linalool (8.63 %), p-menthone (6.31 %), and geranyl tiglate (4.99 %) were recorded as major constituents. The essential oil of P. graveolens leaves showed concentration dependant inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme ranging from 28.13±1.41 to 74.24±2.53 µg/mL for concentration ranging from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. The IC50 values for of P. graveolens and acarbose were found as 93.72±4.76 and 80.4±2.17 µg/mL, respectively against the α-glucosidase enzyme. The study finding explores the chemical components of P. graveolens growing in the Iraqi Kurdistan region and scientifically supported its possible use in diabetic patients for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

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