Insights on the Extraction Performance of Alkanediols and Glycerol: Using Juglans regia L. Leaves as a Source of Bioactive Compounds

Glycerol and alkanediols are being studied as alternative solvents to extract phytochemicals from plant material, often as hydrogen bond donors in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Many of those alcohols are liquid at room temperature, yet studies of their use as extraction solvents are scarce. In this work, glycerol and a series of alkanediols (1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,2-hexanediol) were studied for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Juglans regia L. leaves, a rich source of this class of bioactive compounds. The extraction yield was quantified, and the bioactivity of both extracts and pure solvents was evaluated by measuring the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. The solvents showing the best combined results were 1,2 and 1,3-propanediol, as their extracts presented a high amount of phenolic compounds, close to the results of ethanol, and similar cytotoxicity against cervical carcinoma cells, with no impact on non-tumor porcine liver cells in the studied concentration range. On the other hand, none of the extracts (and solvents) presented anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, the results obtained in this work contribute to the study of alternative solvents that could potentially be used also as formulation media, highlighting the importance of walnut leaves as a source of bioactive compounds.

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Optimization of the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Walnut (Juglans major 209 x Juglans regia) Leaves: Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Profile

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9010018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adela Fernández-Agulló ◽

Aída Castro-Iglesias ◽

María Sonia Freire ◽

Julia González-Álvarez

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Walnut Leaves

This work studies the extraction of phenolic compounds from walnut leaves of the hybrid Juglans major 209 x Juglans regia based on extract antioxidant capacity. Once the solid/liquid ratio was selected (1/10 g/mL), by means of a Box-Benkhen experimental design, the influence of temperature (25–75 °C), time (30–120 min), and aqueous ethanol concentration (10–90%) on extraction yield and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) antioxidant activities were analyzed. In all cases, the quadratic effect of % EtOH was the most significant, followed by the linear effect of temperature and, for most of the responses, the effect of time was almost negligible. Response surface analysis allowed to select the optimal extraction conditions: 75 °C, 120 min and 50% ethanol, which led to the following extract properties: extraction yield, 30.17%; FRAP, 1468 nmol ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/mg extract d.b.; DPPH, 1.318 mmol Trolox equivalents (TRE)/g extract d.b.; DPPH EC50, 0.11 mg/mL; ABTS, 1.256 mmol TRE/g extract (on dry basis) and ABTS EC50, 0.985 mg/mL. Quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid, in this order, were the main compounds identified in this extract by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS), with various potential applications that support this valorization alternative for walnut leaves.

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Optimization and comparison of maceration and microwave extraction systems for the production of phenolic compounds from Juglans regia L. for the valorization of walnut leaves

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.06.012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 341-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Vanessa Vieira ◽

Miguel A. Prieto ◽

Lillian Barros ◽

João A.P. Coutinho ◽

Olga Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Microwave Extraction ◽

Walnut Leaves

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Impact of Roasting on Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, Phytosterols, and Phenolic Compounds Present inPlukenetia huayllabambanaSeed

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2016/6570935 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rosana Chirinos ◽

Daniela Zorrilla ◽

Ana Aguilar-Galvez ◽

Romina Pedreschi ◽

David Campos

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Sacha Inchi Oil ◽

Sacha Inchi

The effect of roasting ofPlukenetia huayllabambanaseeds on the fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds was evaluated. Additionally, the oxidative stability of the seed during roasting was evaluated through free fatty acids, peroxide, andp-anisidine values in the seed oil. Roasting conditions corresponded to 100, 120, 140, and 160°C for 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively. Results indicate that roasting temperatures higher than 120°C significantly affect the content of the studied components. The values of acidity, peroxide, andp-anisidine in the sacha inchi oil from roasted seeds increased during roasting. The treatment of 100°C for 10 min successfully maintained the evaluated bioactive compounds in the seed and quality of the oil, while guaranteeing a higher extraction yield. Our results indicate thatP. huayllabambanaseed should be roasted at temperatures not higher than 100°C for 10 min to obtain snacks with high levels of bioactive compounds and with high oxidative stability.

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Antitussive, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Septum Extract Rich in Bioactive Compounds

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Ionel Fizeșan ◽

Marius Emil Rusu ◽

Carmen Georgiu ◽

Anca Pop ◽

Maria-Georgia Ștefan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Male Rats ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Water Control ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Antitussive Effect ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of a walnut (Juglans regia L.) septum extract (WSE), rich in bioactive compounds were investigated using the citric acid aerosol-induced cough experimental model in rodents. Wistar male rats were treated orally for three days with distilled water (control), codeine (reference), and WSE in graded doses. On the third day, all rats were exposed to citric acid aerosols, the number of coughs being recorded. Each animal was sacrificed after exposure, and blood and lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis and the assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The results of the experiment showed a significant antitussive effect of WSE, superior to codeine. This activity could be due to cellular protective effect and anti-inflammatory effect via the stimulation of the antioxidant enzyme system and the decrease of IL-6 and CXC-R1 concentration in the lung tissue of WSE-treated animals. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WSE were confirmed by biochemical assays and histopathological analysis. This is the first scientific study reporting the antitussive effect of walnut septum, a new potential source of non-opioid antitussive drug candidates, and a valuable bioactive by-product that could be used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

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Bioactive Compounds fromBauhinia purpureaPossessing Antimalarial, Antimycobacterial, Antifungal, Anti-inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activities

Journal of Natural Products ◽

10.1021/np070010e ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 795-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Surat Boonphong ◽

Pakawan Puangsombat ◽

Apiwat Baramee ◽

Chulabhorn Mahidol ◽

Somsak Ruchirawat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Nutraceutical Analysis of Marticaria recutita (Chamomile) Dried Leaves and Flower Powder and Comparison between Them

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.2249 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Ekta Singh Chauhan ◽

Jaya Aishwarya

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Different Types ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Chamaemelum Nobile ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Chamomile is known as German Chamomile (Marticaria recutita) and Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) a very famous daisy plant. The work mainly focuses on the nutraceuticals potential of Chamomile leaf and flower of this plant. The nutrient contains of the leaf and flower power was determined by various methods. The phytochemicals screening of the leaf and flower aqueous extract was performed by the different procedure. Leaf of this plant is rich in carbohydrate, protein, fat and also rich in vitamin C, iron, zinc and calcium. Whereas flower is rich in moisture and fiber as compared to leaf. The aqueous extract of leaf of Chamomile showed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins and flower were lacked in alkaloids, saponins, gelatin and phenolic compounds. The results record that leaf and flowers powder contains different types of nutrients and phytochmicals in it. Chamomile is rich in different bioactive compounds, antioxidant and phytochemicals; carries many pharmacological and traditional properties. Leaves, flowers and stems of Chamomile are used as anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-septic, anti-diabetic, anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial activities and many more diseases. This paper put a light on nutrient content and phytochemical properties of Chamomile leaf and flower.

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Extraction of Polyphenols from Olive Leaves Employing Deep Eutectic Solvents: The Application of Chemometrics to a Quantitative Study on Antioxidant Compounds

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app12020831 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 831

Author(s):

Hamida Akli ◽

Spyros Grigorakis ◽

Abdessamie Kellil ◽

Sofia Loupassaki ◽

Dimitris P. Makris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Solid Ratio

The extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves was optimized using three glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with lysine, proline, and arginine. A three-level Box–Behnken design was used to examine the influence of the liquid/solid ratio, concentration of DESs, and extraction temperature on the yield of the extraction process. A second-order polynomial model was used for predicting the polyphenol extraction yield. The optimal predicted conditions were used for extractions and they provided the highest total phenol yields with the glycerol–lysine exhibiting the best performance. Quantification of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and rutin in the extracts showed high content in tyrosol in all DESs, particularly with glycerol–lysine and relatively similar contents with other studies for the other phenolic compounds. Finally, a linear relationship between tyrosol content and the total phenolic content of the extracts was observed.

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Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) as Green Extraction Media of Beneficial Bioactive Phytochemicals

Separations ◽

10.3390/separations8100176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Ali Sami Dheyab ◽

Mohd Fadzelly Abu Abu Bakar ◽

Mohamed Alomar ◽

Siti Fatimah Sabran ◽

Ahmad Fathi Muhamad Hanafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Low Cost ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Research Progress ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Conventional Solvent Extraction

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a mixture of two or more components and are classified as ionic solvents with special properties such as low volatility, high solubility, low melting points, low-cost materials and are less toxic to humans. Using DES has been suggested as an eco-friendly, green method for extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and are a safe alternative for nutritional, pharmaceutical and various sector applications. Conventional solvent extraction methods present drawbacks such as long extraction period, safety issues, harmful to the environment, costly and large volume of solvents required. The extraction method with DES leads to higher extraction yield and better bioactivity results as compared to the conventional solvents. This review provides a summary of research progress regarding the advantages of using DES to extract bioactive compounds such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, isoflavones, catechins, polysaccharides, curcuminoids, proanthocyanidin, phycocyanin, gingerols, ginsenosides, anthocyanin, xanthone, volatile monoterpenes, tannins, lignin, pectin, rutin, tert-butyl hydroquinone, chlorogenic acids, resveratrol and others, as opposed to using conventional solvents. The bioactivity of the extracts is determined using antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Hence, DESs are considered potential green media with selective and efficient properties for extracting bioactive ingredients from medicinal plants.

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