scholarly journals k-Oligocarrageenan Promoting Growth of Hybrid Maize: Influence of Molecular Weight

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3825
Author(s):  
Pham Trung San ◽  
Chau Minh Khanh ◽  
Huynh Hoang Nhu Khanh ◽  
Truong Anh Khoa ◽  
Nguyen Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Degradation Reaction ◽  
Hybrid Maize

k-Oligocarrageenan (OC) is an effective biostimulator and a protector against disease infections for plants. However, the effect of OC molecular weight (MW) on plant growth is not fully understood. In this work, OCs with three different MWs (42, 17 and 4 kDa) was prepared by varying the degradation reaction time using ascorbic acid as a reagent. The product structure was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data. The growth promotion for maize (Zea mays L.) plants was investigated by foliar spray application of the prepared OCs. Field trials were carried out in two years, 2018 and 2019. The results showed that among treatments, OC with 4 kDa exhibited the best performance in both crop growth and grain yield parameters which indicated increases compared to the control in plant height (6.9–19.9%), length of ears (12.2%), diameter of ears (9.1%), fresh grain weight (17.8%), dry grain weight (20.0%) and grain yield (21.3%). Moreover, low MW OC augmented NP uptake in the plant growth while no effect on K uptake was observed. Therefore, OC with low MWs is potentially promising to apply as a promoter to enhance yield of crops.

scholarly journals Improvement of antioxidant activities and yield of spring maize through seed priming and foliar application of plant growth regulators under heat stress conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Shehzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Muhammad Ansar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Heat stress during reproductive and grain filling phases adversely affects the growth of cereals through reduction in grain’s number and size. However, exogenous application of antioxidants, plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants may be helpful to minimize these heat induced yield losses in cereals. This two year study was conducted to evaluate the role of exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied through seed priming or foliar spray on biochemical, physiological, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and quality of late spring sown hybrid maize. The experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2007 and 2008. We observed that application of AsA, SA and H2O2 applied through seed priming or foliar spray improved the physiological, biochemical, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and grain quality of late spring sown maize in both years. In both years, we observed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the plants where AsA, SA and H2O2were applied through seed priming or foliar spray than control. Membrane stability index (MSI), relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, grain yield and grain oil contents were also improved by exogenous application of AsA, SA and H2O2 in both years. Seed priming of AsA, SA and H2O2was equally effective as the foliar application. In conclusion, seed priming with AsA, SA and H2O2 may be opted to lessen the heat induced yield losses in late sown spring hybrid maize. Heat tolerance induced by ASA, SA and H2O2 may be attributed to increase in antioxidant activities and MSI which maintained RWC and chlorophyll contents in maize resulting in better grain yield in heat stress conditions.

Mid-parent advantage and heterosis in F1 hybrids of wheat from crosses among old and modern varieties

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Modern Varieties

Twenty-eight F1 hybrids of wheat and their parents were grown in field trials at Trumpington, Cambridge during 1986/87 and 1987/88. They were derived from crosses between seven ‘modern’ varieties, used as female parents, and either two ‘old’ (Squareheads Master and Partridge) or two ‘modern’ varieties (Bert and Motto), which were used as male parents. Grain yield, yield components, biomass and height were determined. The male parents were chosen to provide contrasting phenotypes and genetic backgrounds for the F1 hybrids. Mid-parent advantage, the increase of a hybrid for a given character above the mean of its parents, and heterosis, the increase of a hybrid above the ‘better’ parent for that character, were calculated. Most F1 hybrids showed mid-parent advantage for the characters studied. This tended to be greatest for hybrids derived from parents with the largest phenotypic differences in that character. In contrast, where heterosis occurred it tended to be greatest where the phenotypic difference between the parents was least. This suggests that the beneficial effects of hybridization, resulting from the dispersion of dominant genes between the parents, was insufficient to overcome the detrimental effects of other genes present where the ‘less good’ parent was substantially lower than the ‘better’ parent. Hybrids derived from the ‘modern’ male parents had greater heterosis for grain yield and mean grain weight than those from the ‘old’ parents. Of the yield components, positive heterosis for mean grain weight resulted in heavier seeds and was the most important yield component in determining heterosis in grain yield. Heterosis for the number of grains/ear was small or did not differ significantly from zero while number of ears/m2 showed negative heterosis resulting in fewer ears/m2 in the hybrids.

scholarly journals Growth promotion of transplanted rice plant by bioagents effective against bacterial leaf blight disease of rice under glasshouse conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Gokil Prasad Gangwar ◽  
A. P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Blight Disease

The experiment was conducted to evaluate growth promotion of transplanted rice by fungal and bacterial bioagents effective against bacterial leaf blight of rice, under glasshouse conditions. Bioagent formulations (PBA -1, PBA -2, FLP 88, Pf 83, Isolate 40 and T. harzianum) were applied as seed treatment, seedling root dip and foliar spray and compared with chemical treatment and untreated check. All bioagent formulations were significantly effective in increasing number of tillers per hill, root length, total phenolic content in rice leaves, fresh and dry root weight, fresh and dry shoot weight, flag leaf area, grain yield and 1000 grain weight over check. Present study revealed that potential fungal and bacterial bioagents effective against bacterial leaf blight disease of rice, exhibited plant growth promoting activities and resulted 22.38 to 32.08 % increase in grain yield over untreated check, even if there is no disease.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Hybrid Maize as Influenced by Fertilizer Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1727
Author(s):  
Md. Maidul Hasan ◽  
Tushar Kanti Ray ◽  
K. M. Manirul Islam ◽  
S.M. Younus Ali ◽  
Noor Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Hybrid Maize

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh during the rabi season (December to May), 2012-13 to study the effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and development of hybrid maize (Denali). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete block Design with three replications with 30 plots. Ten fertilizer treatments (T1= Compost, T2= Cow dung, T3= Poultry manure, T4= Recommended fertilizer dose, T5= Compost + Half recommended fertilizer dose, T6= Compost + Full recommended fertilizer dose, T7= Cow dung + Half recommended fertilizer dose, T8= Cow dung + Full recommended fertilizer dose, T9= Poultry manure + Half recommended fertilizer dose, T10= Poultry manure + Full recommended fertilizer dose. The recommended fertilizer dose was 500 Kg ha-1 urea + 250 Kg ha-1 TSP + 200 Kg ha-1 MP + 15 Kg ha-1 ZnSO4 + 6 Kg ha-1 Boric Acid. And the rate of Compost, Cow dung and Poultry manure was 10t/ha. The effect of different manure and fertilizer doses on the yield and yield attributes were significant. The plant height, number of leaves per plant, weight of stem per plant, weight of leaves per plant, length of cob, grain weight per cob, diameter of cob, no. of grains per row, no. of total grains per cob, 1000-grain weight, yield plant-1, yield ha-1 were significantly affected by different manures and fertilizer uses with different doses. The treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 and T10 gave grain yield 10.16, 9.09, 8.49, 14.34, 13.35, 18.12, 11.99, 17.09, 11.40 and 15.98 t ha-1, respectively. The T6 Treatment gave higher grain yield (18.12) t ha-1 and the T3 treatment performed lowest grain yield (8.49 t ha-1). The application of compost and full dose fertilizer is higher yielding. Balance nutrition with enough organic matter enrichment of the soil is the cause of this result.

scholarly journals Effect of establishment methods and nutrient management on biochemical attributes, grain quality, yield parameters and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in coastal Odisha

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-316
Author(s):  
AK Budhia ◽  
RK Panda ◽  
LM Garnayak ◽  
RK Nayak ◽  
TK Samant
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Panicle Weight

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2019 at Agronomy Main Research Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar to study the effect of establishment methods and nutrient management on biochemical attributes, grain quality, yield parameters and yield of rice. The experiment comprised of two rice establishment methods, viz. direct seeded (DSR) and transplanted (TPR) and three nutrient management practices, viz. inorganic (soil test based fertilizer recommendation (STBFR), organic (1/3rd N through green manuring + 1/3rd N through neem oil cake + 1/3rd N through vermicompost) and integrated nutrient management (50% through STBFR + 50% through green manuring) laid out in a randomised block design with three replications. The results indicated that the concentration of chlorophyll was maximum at vegetative and gradually decreased up to maturity stage. TPR recorded comparatively higher total chlorophyll content (2.91mg g-1), grain C (40.58%), H (6.98%), S (0.18%), C/N (36.54), panicles hill-1 (6.78), panicle weight hill-1 (27.05 g), 1000 grain weight (27.86 g), number of filled grains panicle-1 (176.60) with 18.3 % yield advantage over DSR. Among nutrient management, INM recorded higher S (0.17%), carbohydrate (17.82%), panicle numbers hill-1 (8.5), panicle weight hill-1 (30.19 g), 1000 grain weight (28.13 g), number of filled grains panicle-1 (187.89), grain yield (4.36 t ha-1) with harvest index (39.67%), where as maximum N (1.48%), C (41.58%), H (7.07%), S(0.18%), C/H (5.87) was obtained in inorganic with grain yield (3.78 t ha-1). Organic produced the highest chlorophyll total (2.72 mg g-1), C/N (37.89) and harvest index (36.72%) with minimum grain yield (3.74 t ha-1). Hence, organic in conjunction with chemical ferilisers under TPR not only enhances the growth and yield but also improvement of biochemical attributes and grain quality of rice in coastal Odisha.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Fungal Strawberry Diseases by Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kurze ◽  
Hubert Bahl ◽  
Robert Dahl ◽  
Gabriele Berg
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Serratia Plymuthica ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Bacterial Treatment

To develop a biological control product for commercial strawberry production, the chitinolytic rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica strain HRO-C48 was evaluated for plant growth promotion of strawberries and biological control of the fungal pathogens Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora cactorum. In phytochamber experiments, treatment with S. plymuthica HRO-C48 resulted in a statistically significant enhancement of plant growth dependent on the concentration of the bacterium that was applied. In greenhouse trials, bacterial treatment reduced the percentage of Verticillium wilt (18.5%) and Phytophthora root rot (33.4%). In three consecutive vegetation periods, field trials were carried out in soil naturally infested by both soilborne pathogens on commercial strawberry farms located in various regions of Germany. Dipping plants in a suspension of S. plymuthica prior to planting reduced Verticillium wilt compared with the nontreated control by 0 to 37.7%, with an average of 24.2%, whereas the increase of yield ranged from 156 to 394%, with an average of 296%. Bacterial treatment reduced Phy-tophthora root rot by 1.3 to 17.9%, with an average of 9.6%, and increased strawberry yield by 60% compared with the nontreated control. Under field conditions, strain HRO-C48 survived at approximately log10 3 to 7 CFU/g of root in the strawberry rhizosphere at 14 months after root application. Although results of the field trials were influenced by pathogen inoculum density, cropping history of the field site, and weather conditions, S. plymuthica HRO-C48 successfully controlled wilt and root rot of strawberry.

Effects of CCC on Bread Wheat in Kenya

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Seitzer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYCCC applied to bread wheat, in 1967 and 1968 as a foliar spray at 1·40 and 2·28 kg./ha. a.i., prevented and/or delayed lodging to some extent. However, this effect was small and complete control of lodging seems to be unlikely, even when using large amounts. CCC increased grain yields, by 1·5 to 10·9 qu./ha., depending on the extent to which lodging was reduced. Significant depressions in yield were obtained, presumably owing to an observed increase incidence in ear diseases, particularly Septoria nodorum. The increase in grain yield was due mainly to an increase in 1000 grain weight and grains per ear, whereas the effect on tillers per unit area was slightly negative. Where no lodging occurred, there was a slight but non-significant tendency for increasing grain yields after CCC treatment.

scholarly journals Inoculation of native symbiotic effective Sinorhizobium spp. enhanced soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Temesgen ◽  
Fassil Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Background Soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] is an annual leguminous crop serving as a source of food and feed, green manure, biodiesel and fiber. It is nodulated by diverse slow growing and fast growing rhizobia belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium, respectively. In Ethiopia, it has been cultivated since 1950s with lower grain yield history. Yield improvement efforts have been more concentrated on agronomic studies, inoculation of exotic Bradyrhizobium japonicum including TAL379 and/or fertilizer application. The results have usually been unsatisfactory and inconsistent. This study was initiated to identify promising indigenous soybean rhizobial inoculant that can enhance yield of the crop in the country. Methods Native soybean rhizobia, designated GMR for Glycine max rhizobia, were trapped using soybean (cv. Ethio-Yugoslavia) from soils collected across agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. They were screened for in vitro tolerance against physico-chemical stresses, plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and symbiotic performances at greenhouse and field levels. A reference B. japonicum (TAL379) was included in all experiments. A soybean plant growth promoting Achromobacter sp. was also included in field trials for co-inoculation. Quantitative data were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) employing SAS computer software package version 9.3. Mean separations were undertaken using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at p ≤ 0.05. Phenotypic variability of the test bacteria was undertaken using PAST4.03 Computer Software. Result GMR that produced acid and grew faster with larger colonies were identified as Sinorhizobium spp. and those which produced alkali and grew slowly with smaller colonies were identified as Bradyrhizobium spp. though further genetic analysis should be performed for verification and identification of their genus and species, respectively. Two Sinorhizobium spp. (GMR120C and GMR125B) profoundly nodulated different soybean cultivars under greenhouse conditions and significantly improved grain yield (p ≤ 0.05; maximum 3.98 tons ha−1) compared to 2.41, 2.82 and 2.69 recorded as maximum grain yield (tons ha−1) for TAL379 inoculation, positive control and negative control, respectively in field trials. Higher yield was recorded when GMR125B was co-inoculated with Achromobacter sp., but when GMR120C was inoculated singly. These GMR also showed efficient utilization of numerous substrates, some PGP traits and potential adaptation to various ecological stresses. Conclusion The two Sinorhizobium spp. (GMR120C and GMR125B) are promising soybean inoculants that can be used to enhance the productivity of the crop in the country.

scholarly journals Bio-Green Foliar Spray Enhances Rice Growth and Productivity in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tak Tha ◽  
Ply Preap ◽  
Seyha Sorl ◽  
Pao Srean ◽  
Visalsok Touch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growing Period

The use of bioproducts as biostimulants to stimulate plant growth and to increase yields as an alternative to chemical fertilizers are currently being promoted for cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices of crop production systems. The objective of the study was to determine plant growth and productivity of rice responded to Bio Green application. A short growing period (90 – 95 days) OM-5451 rice variety was used in this study. The rice plants were cultivated in the randomized-completed block with two treatments and six replications in the plot of 2 m * 2 m.  Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer was applied once at a rate of 100 kg/ha. For treatment, Bio-green with a solution of 1% (v/v) was weekly applied as foliage spray; and without Bio-Green as control. The results showed the grain yield was 3.7 t/ha in the treatment and 2.83 t/ha in the control, indicating that 36.4% of the grain yield was increased. The Bio-Green could be significantly used as plant biostimulants to promote plant growth and grain yield in rice in Cambodia.

scholarly journals ​Impact of Foliar Spray of Plant Growth Retardants with Potassium on Growth Traits, Gas Exchange Parameters and Grain Yield in Foxtail Millet (Panicum italicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivakumar ◽  
P. Parasuraman ◽  
M. Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants ◽  
Source Sink

Background: Foxtail millet is one of the nutri-cereal foods for the people of semi arid regions. Proper nutrient management and source-sink alteration are major keys for achieving higher productivity in millets. However, potassium is not recommended to foxtail millet and the potential yield is not exploited. And also the study of source-sink alteration in foxtail millet by using plant growth regulators is meager. Methods: An experiment was conducted to study the impact of plant growth retardants viz., chlormequat chloride (CCC) and mepiquat chloride (MC) with the nutrient potassium (K2SO4 - 1%) on growth, gas exchange parameters and grain yield of foxtail millet under rainfed condition. Plant growth retardants with potassium consortium were used as foliar spray at flower initiation stage under field condition. Standard methods were used to measure the plant height, root length, number of leaves, LAD, CGR and grain yield. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and leaf temperature were measured by using the instrument PPS. Result: Foliar spray of CCC (250 ppm) with 1% K2SO4 showed supremacy to enhance crop growth rate, leaf area duration, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and grain yield compared to other treatments. However, lowest plant height (100.7 cm) and number of leaves were observed by CCC (250 ppm) alone. Highest photosynthetic rate (26.84) and transpiration rate (17.94) were registered by CCC + K2SO4. Lowest leaf temperature of 34.1ºC was registered by 1% K2SO4 compared to control (35.6°C). CCC with K2SO4 recorded highest LAD value of 46.1 which is on par with K2SO4 alone (45.9). CCC with K2SO4 registered highest grain yield of 2.13 t ha-1 with increased yield of 18.3% over control. However, highest benefit cost ratio of ratio of 2.75 was recorded by 1% K2SO4 alone.

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