scholarly journals The Effect of Different Water Extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum on Selected Factors Associated with Pathogenesis of Chronic Bronchitis in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5020
Author(s):  
Waldemar Buchwald ◽  
Michał Szulc ◽  
Justyna Baraniak ◽  
Natalia Derebecka ◽  
Małgorzata Kania-Dobrowolska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Platycodon Grandiflorum ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Pg E2 ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (PG) in a model of chronic bronchitis in rats. The research was carried out on three water extracts: E1 – from roots of field cultivated PG; E2 – from biotransformed roots of PG; E3 – from callus of PG. The extracts differed in saponins and inulin levels—the highest was measured in E3 and the lowest in E1. Identification of secondary metabolites was performed using two complementary LC-MS systems. Chronic bronchitis was induced by sodium metabisulfite (a source of SO2). Animals were treated with extracts for three weeks (100 mg/kg, intragastrically) and endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factors (TGF-β1, -β2, -β3), and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) levels were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas C reactive protein (CRP) level was measured in serum. Moreover, mRNA expression were assessed in bronchi and lungs. In SO2-exposed rats, an elevation of the CRP, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, VEGF, and mucin was found, but the extracts’ administration mostly reversed this phenomenon, leading to control values. The results showed a strong anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts from PG.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Quercetin and Melatonin in the Down-Regulation of HIF-1α, HSP-70 and VEGF Pathways in Rat’s Kidneys Induced by Hypoxic Stress

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582094979
Author(s):  
Aliah R. Alshanwani ◽  
Sameerah Shaheen ◽  
Laila M. Faddah ◽  
Ahlam M. Alhusaini ◽  
Hanaa M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Hypoxia may lead to inflammatory responses by numerous signaling pathways. This investigation intended to inspect the defensive role of Quercetin (Quer) and/ or Melatonin (Mel) against reno toxicity induced by Sodium nitrite (Sod ntr). Sod ntr injection significantly decreased blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with a concurrent increase in serum tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea levels. Over protein-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and heat shock, protein-70 and mRNA of HIF-1α were also observed. Pretreatment of the Sod ntr- injected rats with the aforementioned antioxidants; either alone or together significantly improved such parameters. Histopathological examination reinforced the previous results. It was concluded that the combined administration of Quer and Mel may be useful as a potential therapy against renal injury induced by Sod ntr. HIF-1α and HSP-70 are implicated in the induction of hypoxia and its treatment.

scholarly journals Quercetin and Idebenone Ameliorate Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, DNA damage, and Apoptosis Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rat Liver

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581881218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila M. Fadda ◽  
Hanan Hagar ◽  
Azza M. Mohamed ◽  
Hanaa M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Immunoglobin G ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are extensively used in a wide range of applications; however, many reports have investigated their nanotoxicological effect at the molecular level either in vitro or in vivo systems. The defensive roles of quercetin (Qur) or idebenone (Id) against the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2-NPs were evaluated in the current study. The results showed that the coadministration of Qur or Id to rats intoxicated with TiO2-NPs markedly ameliorated the elevation in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), serum alanine amino-transferase (ALT), glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobin G (IgG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to their levels in TiO2-NPs-treated rats. The aforementioned antioxidants also effectively modulated the changes in the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), hepatic DNA breakage, caspase-3, and inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450s; CYP4502E12E1) in rat livers induced by TiO2-NPs toxicity. The histopathological examination of the liver section showed that TiO2-NPs caused severe degeneration of most hepatocytes with an increase in collagen in the portal region, while treatment with the antioxidants in question improved liver architecture. These outcomes supported the use of Qur and Id as protective agents against the hepatotoxicity induced by TiO2-NPs and other hepatotoxic drugs.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber's Effect on High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein Serum in Sedentary Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Livia Kurniati Saputra ◽  
Dian Novita Chandra ◽  
Ninik Mudjihartini
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Low grade inflammation has been recognized of being involved in the pathogenesis of chronic disease pandemic. Individual lifestyle plays a major role in the development of low grade inflammation. Sedentary workers are at risk of low grade inflammation due to the nature of their work. Dietary habit also contributes to inflammatory status in the body. Dietary fiber intake indirectly affects the immune system. It has been hypothesized that fiber has anti-inflammatory effects, both body weight-related and body weight-unrelated This review will focus more on body weight-unrelated anti-inflammatory effect of fiber, especially through fiber’s fermentation metabolites, the short chain fatty acid (SCFA). Its anti-inflammatory effect can be seen by monitoring a biomarker of inflammation in the body, the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). This review’s objective is to cover the mechanisms and role of dietary fiber intake on serum hsCRP level as a marker of low grade inflammation on sedentary workers. 

scholarly journals Allergic Inflammation Caused by Dimerized Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein is Attenuated by Cardamonin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haejun Pyun ◽  
Joo-Won Nam ◽  
Hyunsoo Cho ◽  
Jiyoung Park ◽  
Eun Kyoung Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein ◽  
Dimeric Form ◽  
Allergic Mouse ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

We demonstrated in our previous reports that dimeric form of translationally controlled tumor protein (dTCTP) initiates a variety of allergic phenomena. In the present study, we examined whether and how dTCTP’s role in allergic inflammation can be modulated or negated. The possible potential of cardamonin as an anti-allergic agent was assessed by ELISA using BEAS-2B cells and OVA-challenged allergic mouse model. The interaction between cardamonin and dTCTP was confirmed by SPR assay. Cardamonin was found to reduce the secretion of IL-8 caused by dTCTP in BEAS-2B cells by interacting with dTCTP. This interaction between dTCTP and cardamonin was confirmed through kinetic analysis (KD = 4.72 ± 0.07 μM). Also, cardamonin reduced the migration of various inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inhibited OVA specific IgE secretion and bronchial remodeling. In addition, cardamonin was observed to have an anti-allergic response by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB. Cardamonin exerts anti-allergic anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting dTCTP, suggesting that it may be useful in the therapy of allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Study to Investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with reference drug Fenspiride (syrup) using accute Carrageenan-induced Paw Inflammation Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Pavel D. Kolesnichenko ◽  
Anna A. Peresypkina ◽  
Artem A. Poromov ◽  
Elena N. Kareva ◽  
Alexey N. Demidenko
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum ◽  
Carrageenan Inflammation ◽  
Subplantar Injection ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Introduction: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory action of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with Fenspiride was carried out on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paws in rats. Materials and methods: Edema was caused by subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of 1% λ- carrageenan gel into the hind paw. The severity of edema was assessed by using 37140 plethysmometer (UGO BASILE, Italy). The measurements were performed before edema induction and 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours afterwards. Anti-inflammatory activity of the drugs was also evaluated based on the analysis of rats’ blood, C-reactive protein concentration and histological examination results. Results and discussion: A decrease in the paw volume increment was revealed in the group with the studied drug in comparison with the group with the carrageenan edema model (control) 4, 12, 24 hours after injection of carrageenan (p<0.05). As a result of plethysmometry, a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of the studied drug than that of Fenspiride was revealed. There was a significant decrease in the levels of leukocytes (p<0.05), lymphocytes (p<0.05), monocytes (p<0.05) and neutrophils (p<0.05) in the group with the studied drug compared to those the the control 48 hours after the initiation of edema, while in the group with Fenspiride, there was only a decrease in the levels of leukocytes (p<0.05) and lymphocytes (p<0.05). There were no differences in the concentration of C-reactive protein between the groups. Conclusion: The obtained data indicate a more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum in comparison with Fenspiride, on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paw in rats.

scholarly journals Amelioration of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating miR-140-5p expression with the fibrogenic inhibitor Xuebijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842092391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-na Dong ◽  
Yun Xiao ◽  
Yun-fei Li ◽  
Dong-mei Wang ◽  
Ya-ping Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tgf Β1

Intravenous Xuebijing (XBJ) therapy suppresses paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying this suppression remains unknown. This work aimed to analyze the miR-140-5p-induced effects of XBJ injection on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The mice were arbitrarily assigned to four groups. The model group was administered with PQ only. The PQ treatment group was administered with PQ and XBJ. The control group was administered with saline only. The control treatment group was administered with XBJ only. The miR-140-5p and miR-140-5p knockout animal models were overexpressed. The gene expression levels of miR-140-5p, transglutaminase-2 (TG2), β-catenin, Wnt-1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the lungs were assayed with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hydroxyproline (Hyp) levels and pulmonary fibrosis were also scored. After 14 days of PQ induction of pulmonary fibrosis, AdCMV-miR-140-5p, and XBJ upregulated miR-140-5p expression; blocked the expressions of TG2, Wnt-1, and β-catenin; and decreased p-Smad2, p-Smad3, CTGF, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 expressions. In addition, Hyp and pulmonary fibrosis scores in XBJ-treated mice decreased. Histological results confirmed that PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in XBJ-treated lungs was attenuated. TG2 expression and the Wnt-1/β-catenin signaling pathway were suppressed by the elevated levels of miR-140-5p expression. This inhibition was pivotal in the protective effect of XBJ against PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, XBJ efficiently alleviated PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, C-reactive Protein and Urinary Neopterin Concentrations During dose-dense Chemotherapy

Pteridines ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Bohuslav Melichar ◽  
Anna Balloková ◽  
Eva Malirová ◽  
Lubor Urbánek ◽  
Lenka Krcmová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Weekly Paclitaxel ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Urinary Neopterin ◽  
Dose Dense ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Prominent among angiogenic factors is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is produced by cancer cells as well as by the cells infiltrating tumor stroma, mainly macrophages. Macrophage activation may be assessed by measuring serum or urinary neopterin. Systemic inflammatory response could be evaluated by measuring serum C-reactive protein concentrations. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a regimen combining dose dense combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with sequential weekly paclitaxel on plasma VEGF, urinary neopterin and serum C-reactive protein concentrations. Thirty-four female patients with histologically verified breast carcinoma treated with dose-dense regimen combining doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with sequential weekly paclitaxel administration were studied. Plasma VEGF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urinary neopterin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Compared to baseline plasma VEGF was significantly decreased one week after the start of therapy. VEGF concentrations subsequently increased, but this increase was significant compared to baseline only at week 16. Urinary neopterin was significantly increased compared to baseline at every visit with the exception of visits 12 and 20 at which the significance was borderline. Serum C-reactive protein was increased compared to baseline only at visits 4, 6 and 8. A positive correlation was observed between plasma VEGF and serum C-reactive protein at baseline and at visits 5 and 19. Significant correlations were observed between serum C-reactive protein and urinary neopterin at visits 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15 and 17. In conclusion, only minor changes in plasma VEGF and serum C-reactive protein were observed during dose-dense chemotherapy. In contrast, urinary neopterin was increased throughout the course of treatment. Correlations between VEGF and C-reactive protein and between Creactive protein and urinary neopterin were observed only at some time points.

scholarly journals Vascular endothelial growth factor-C: its unrevealed role in fibrogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (6) ◽  
pp. H789-H796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieqiang Zhao ◽  
Wenyuan Zhao ◽  
Weixin Meng ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Yuanjian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Tgf Β1

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C is a key mediator of lymphangiogenesis. Our recent study shows that VEGF-C/VEGF receptors (VEGFR)-3 are significantly increased in the infarcted rat myocardium, where VEGFR-3 is expressed not only in lymph ducts but also in myofibroblasts, indicating that VEGF-C has an unrevealed role in fibrogenesis during cardiac repair. The current study is to explore the regulation and molecular mechanisms of VEGF-C in fibrogenesis. The potential regulation of VEGF-C on myofibroblast differentiation/growth/migration, collagen degradation/synthesis, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and ERK pathways was detected in cultured cardiac myofibroblasts. Our results showed that VEGF-C significantly increased myofibroblast proliferation, migration, and type I/III collagen production. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 were significantly elevated in the medium of VEGF-C-treated cells, coincident with increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. Furthermore, VEGF-C activated the TGF-β1 pathway and ERK phosphorylation, which was significantly suppressed by TGF-β or ERK blockade. This is the first study indicating that in addition to lymphangiogenesis, VEGF-C is also involved in fibrogenesis through stimulation of myofibroblast proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis, via activation of the TGF-β1 and ERK pathways.

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