scholarly journals Exfoliation and Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene Surface with Poly-N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone by In Situ Polymerization

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Suguna Perumal ◽  
Raji Atchudan ◽  
Thomas Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel Edison ◽  
Jae-Jin Shim ◽  
Yong Rok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Graphene Surface ◽  
Noncovalent Functionalization

Heteroatom functionalization on a graphene surface can endow the physical and structural properties of graphene. Here, a one-step in situ polymerization method was used for the noncovalent functionalization of a graphene surface with poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PNVP) and the exfoliation of graphite into graphene sheets. The obtained graphene/poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone (GPNVP) composite was thoroughly characterized. The surface morphology of GPNVP was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to check for the exfoliation of graphite into graphene sheets. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to calculate the amount of PNVP on the graphene surface in the GPNVP composite. The successful formation of the GPNVP composite and functionalization of the graphene surface was confirmed by various studies. The cyclic voltammetry measurement at different scan rates (5–500 mV/s) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of the GPNVP composite were performed in the typical three-electrode system. The GPNVP composite has excellent rate capability with the capacitive property. This study demonstrates the one-pot preparation of exfoliation and functionalization of a graphene surface with the heterocyclic polymer PNVP; the resulting GPNVP composite will be an ideal candidate for various electrochemical applications.

scholarly journals One-pot mechanochemical exfoliation of graphite and in situ polymerization of aniline for the production of graphene/polyaniline composites for high-performance supercapacitors

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (73) ◽  
pp. 44688-44698
Author(s):  
Yulin Jiang ◽  
Jiawen Ji ◽  
Leping Huang ◽  
Chengen He ◽  
Jinlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Polyaniline Composites

Efficient ball-milling production of graphene/polyaniline composites as supercapacitor electrodes with enhanced capacitive contribution, rate capability, and specific capacitance.

Facile fabrication of MnO2-embedded 3-D porous polyaniline composite hydrogel for supercapacitor electrode with high loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huabo Huang ◽  
Renpeng Chen ◽  
Shuaiyi Yang ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Yulan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Composite Hydrogel ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Charge Discharge

To obtain the promising pseudocapacitance of MnO2, the composite hydrogel of MnO2 and polyaniline (PANI) was fabricated using in situ polymerization of aniline hydrochloride in the aqueous solution containing commercial MnO2 nanoparticles and additives. Both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that the composite hydrogel exhibited a 3-D porous structure, within which MnO2 nanoparticles were uniformly embedded. The investigations of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge−discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated superior supercapacitor (SC) performance of the hydrogel electrode even with high loading. The electrode with loading of 1.5 mg cm–2 showed a favorable specific capacitance (293 F g–1, 10 mV s–1), which only decreased to 258 F g–1 when the loading of the electrode was seven times higher (10.8 mg cm–2). Furthermore, the hydrogel electrode displayed good cycle stability in the acidic solution (81% capacitance retention after 1000 charge/discharge cycles). The favorable electrochemical performance of the composite hydrogel should be attributed to the fast electron/ion transport and good protection for MnO2 in the 3-D porous structure. Due to the facile one-pot synthesis and optimized nanostructure, it could be expected that MnO2-embedded 3-D porous PANI composite hydrogels have great application in the field of high-performance electrode with high loading for SCs.

Polyaniline/Graphene Composite as Supercapacitor Electrode

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1446-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Sen Zheng ◽  
Zhi Kai Wei ◽  
Quan Feng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Current Density ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Graphene Surface ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Excellent Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Polymerization Method

Polyaniline/Graphene composite (PANIGNS) was synthesized via in situ polymerization method. XRD and SEM results indicated that the polyaniline could uniformly adsorb on the graphene surface and prevent the agglomeration of the graphene sheets. The composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. A specific capacitance of 688F/g at current density of 1A/g was achieved in 1M KOH solution. The capacitance retention of 77.3% was acquired after 1000cycles at current density of 10A/g.

Preparation of graphene/polyaniline nanocomposite by in situ intercalation polymerization and their application in anti-corrosion coatings

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1226-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Li ◽  
Yiting Xu ◽  
Shicheng Wang ◽  
Hongchao Wang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Tafel Polarization

This study reports a strategy for further simplifying the synthesis process of polyaniline-modified graphene (An/G) nanocomposite. For this purpose, the An/G nanocomposite was prepared by expanded graphite (EG) and aniline (An) via in situ polymerization. The structures and morphologies of the An/G nanocomposite were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results show that the An/G nanocomposite was synthesized successfully. The coatings were prepared using polyaniline (PANI) and An/G as the fillers and epoxy resin as the matrix. The anti-corrosion performance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel polarization curve and salt immersion test. When An/G100 nanocomposite with a mass ratio of An to EG of 100:1 as a filler is used, the coating on the steel exhibited superior anti-corrosion effect. In particular, the impedance at 0.01 Hz of the coating with the An/G100 nanocomposite at a low loading of 2 wt% (An/G100-2) remained constant above 1 × 1010 Ω·cm2 for up to 35 days in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution. The Tafel plots reveal that the undamaged zone of the An/G100-2 coating possessed a high corrosion potential of −0.16 V, and the corrosion current density was only 1.5 × 10−11 A cm−2. The protective mechanism of graphene and PANI is discussed.

Hybridization of graphene sheets with polyethylene terephthalate through the process of in situ polymerization aided by ultrasound

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 18413-18418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo González Morones ◽  
Salvador Fernández Tavizón ◽  
Ernesto Hernández Hernández ◽  
Carlos Alberto Gallardo Vega ◽  
Arxel De León Santillán
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Graphene Sheets

A new methodology to prepare hybrid graphene–polyethylenterephthalate nanocomposites by ultrasonication is reported.

Morphology of Polyethylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Li Guang Xiao ◽  
Hong Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Peak ◽  
Basal Reflection ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polyethylene/montmorillonite (PE/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The morphology of MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst and PE/MMT nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It can be seen that MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst remained the original MMT sheet structures and many holes were found in MMT and the morphology of PE/MMT nanocomposites is part of the sheet in the form of existence, as most of the petal structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out to characterize all the samples. XRD results reveal that the original basal reflection peak of PEI1 and PEI2 disappears completely and that of PEI3 become very weak. MMT/MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst was finely dispersed in the PE matrix. Instead of being individually dispersed, most layers were found in thin stacks comprising several swollen layers.

In Situ Fabrication of Nanoscale Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Composite and its Electrochemical Properties

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1547-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Lan Wang ◽  
Qing Li Hao ◽  
Xi Feng Xia ◽  
Zhi Jia Wang ◽  
Jiao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

A graphene oxide/polyaniline composite was synthesized by an in situ polymerization process. This product was simply prepared in an ethylene glycol medium, using ammonium persulfate as oxidant in ice bath. The composite was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical test. The composite material showed a good electrochemical performance.

scholarly journals Functionality of TERGO Powders during the Synthesis of PANI-Based Composites for Electrical Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
M. A. Domínguez-Crespo ◽  
A. B. López-Oyama ◽  
A. M. Torres-Huerta ◽  
A. R. Hernández-Basilio ◽  
D. Palma-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Step Potential ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
One Step

In this work, hybrid composites were prepared using polyaniline (PANI) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) by in situ polymerization. ERGO powders were obtained by a two-way route, Hummer’s method, and one-step potential (−2 V) followed by annealing process at 400°C (TERGO powders): different quantities of TERGO fine particles (10, 20, and 30 wt%) were added to the in situ PANI polymerization in order to produce the hybrid composites. The morphology and structure of the PANI/TERGO compounds were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal treatment of ERGO powders pointed out high-defect surfaces with a wrinkle-type morphology (ID/IG ratio~0.90). The emeraldine phase of PANI was obtained with a maximum value of 61%, which decreases with the amount of TERGO powders. It is also seen that composites displayed a combined morphology between PANI matrix and TERGO powders, confirming a physical interaction between both morphologies. The amount of TERGO particles into the polymeric matrix also modifies the sample microstructure from a semispherical shape to extend sheets, where PANI is sandwiched between TERGO layers. Electrical conductivity of composites slightly increases independent of the TERGO amount (30 S/m and 39 S/m) due to the rough TERGO surface that conditioned the homogeneous nucleation of a large amount of polymer (PANI) reducing the area to move the electrical charge.

Removal of Heavy Metals by Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone)/Laponite Nanocomposite Hydrogels

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Yan Ming Wang ◽  
Da Ji Shang ◽  
Zhong Wei Niu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogels ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone

Laponite cross-linked poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) hydrogels were fabricated by in situ polymerization of vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP). Macroporous PVP/Laponite nanocomposite hydrogels were obtained by freeze drying of hydrogels, which exhibited faster adsorption kinetics than ambient-dried ones. We also investigated the influence of laponite content, initial ion concentration and pH of the solution on the adsorption capacity of PVP/Laponite hydrogels. Moreover, the PVP/Lapnoite hydrogels can further be fabricated into powder hydrogel samples, which can be used as a potential candidate of adsorbent for removal of heavy metals in water.

Preparation of Polyaniline @ Polypyrrole Conductive Composite via In Situ Polymerization

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 1137-1142
Author(s):  
Hui Xia Feng ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Lin Tan ◽  
Na Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Conductive Composite ◽  
The Core ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

We prepared the polyaniline@polypyrrole (PAn@PPy) conductive composite by a novel method. The struction like Pre-prepared PAn as the core and PPy as the shell for the composite has been prepared by in-situ polymerization. The PAn@PPy conductive composite presents an electrical conductivity of 12.5 S/cm, which is much higher than pure PAn. The synthesized polymer composites are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results indicated that PPy successfully grafted on PAn and the heat resistance of nanocomposite is remarkably increased.

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