scholarly journals Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Zidong Wang ◽  
Yuzhi Zhu ◽  
Shiwei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.

Study on the Preparation Technology and Regeneration Technology of Activated Carbon

2019 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Yuan Ze Ma ◽  
Xiu Xia Zhang ◽  
Rong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Due to the developed pore structure ,high specific surface area, low cost, accessible raw materials and stable physical and chemical properties, activated carbon has caused high attention of society. Nowadays activated carbon has been widely used in capacitor electrode production, water pollution treatment, medicine and other fields. We review the various preparation methods of activated carbon and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of them in this paper. The characteristics of activated carbon regeneration technology are also discussed from the perspective of improving the utilization rate of activated carbon. With the development of China's green economy and the increasing awareness of people's environmental protection, the research on the preparation and regeneration of activated carbon will surely have a broader development prospect.

scholarly journals Plant-Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yunhui Bao ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Ke Song ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Xianwu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in several fields including catalysis, bioengineering, photoelectricity, antibacterial, anticancer, and medical imaging due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the traditional synthesis method of MNPs, toxic chemicals are generally used as reducing agents and stabilizing agents, which is fussy to operate and extremely environment unfriendly. Based on this, the development of an environment-friendly synthesis method of MNPs has recently attracted great attention. The use of plant extracts as reductants and stabilizers to synthesize MNPs has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, sustainability, and ease of operation. Besides, the as-synthesized MNPs are nontoxic, more stable, and more uniform in size than the counterparts prepared by the traditional method. Thus, green preparation methods have become a research hotspot in the field of MNPs synthesis. In this review, recent advances in green synthesis of MNPs using plant extracts as reductants and stabilizers have been systematically summarized. In addition, the insights into the potential applications and future development for MNPs prepared by using plant extracts have been provided.

Nanocrystals: The Preparation, Precise Control and Application Toward the Pharmaceutics and Food Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 2425-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Wu ◽  
Zhou Chen ◽  
Ya Hu ◽  
Zhiyuan Rao ◽  
Wangping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Significant Process ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Analytical Technology ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Crystallization is a significant process employed to produce a wide variety of materials in pharmaceutical and food area. The control of crystal dimension, crystallinity, and shape is very important because they will affect the subsequent filtration, drying and grinding performance as well as the physical and chemical properties of the material. This review summarizes the special features of crystallization technology and the preparation methods of nanocrystals, and discusses analytical technology which is used to control crystal quality and performance. The crystallization technology applications in pharmaceutics and foods are also outlined. These illustrated examples further help us to gain a better understanding of the crystallization technology for pharmaceutics and foods.

scholarly journals Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Structure, Controllable Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis, Energy and Sensing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Gaojie Li ◽  
Wenshuang Zhang ◽  
Na Luo ◽  
Zhenggang Xue ◽  
Qingmin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Controllable Synthesis ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Bimetallic Nanocrystals ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In recent years, bimetallic nanocrystals have attracted great interest from many researchers. Bimetallic nanocrystals are expected to exhibit improved physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect between the two metals, not just a combination of two monometallic properties. More importantly, the properties of bimetallic nanocrystals are significantly affected by their morphology, structure, and atomic arrangement. Reasonable regulation of these parameters of nanocrystals can effectively control their properties and enhance their practicality in a given application. This review summarizes some recent research progress in the controlled synthesis of shape, composition and structure, as well as some important applications of bimetallic nanocrystals. We first give a brief introduction to the development of bimetals, followed by the architectural diversity of bimetallic nanocrystals. The most commonly used and typical synthesis methods are also summarized, and the possible morphologies under different conditions are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the composition-dependent and shape-dependent properties of bimetals in terms of highlighting applications such as catalysis, energy conversion, gas sensing and bio-detection applications.

scholarly journals Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

scholarly journals Some physical and chemical properties of substrates designed for container production of spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst)

2004 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Vesna Vratusa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Efficient nursery production of woody plants, as well as the level of their successful application in urban green spaces, greatly depends upon properties of substrates in which these individuals grow, develop and endure. Furthermore, quality of substrate does not only affect the quality of future product (plant individual or green space), but distinctly determines its price. This element, extremely significant for all countries in transition, thus Serbia as well, commands finding ways of making qualitative, but least expensive substrate. The most logical solution is to use mixtures/substrates of precisely defined properties, composed of domestic components. Results presented in this paper imply that it is possible to create precisely such standard mixtures from domestic resources at relatively low cost, adjusted to needs of particular species, which would ultimately lead to successful, non-expensive nursery production and application of produced stock, both on domestic and foreign markets.

scholarly journals M-Polynomials and Associated Topological Indices of Sodalite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Kashif Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Topological Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Topological Indices ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Natural zeolites are commonly described as macromolecular sieves. Zeolite networks are very trendy chemical networks due to their low-cost implementation. Sodalite network is one of the most studied types of zeolite networks. It helps in the removal of greenhouse gases. To study this rich network, we use an authentic mathematical tool known as M-polynomials of the topological index and show some physical and chemical properties in numerical form, and to understand the structure deeply, we compare different legitimate M-polynomials of topological indices, concluding in the form of graphical comparisons.

scholarly journals Basic Materials Studies of Lanthanide Halide Scintillators

2007 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Doty ◽  
Douglas McGregor ◽  
Mark Harrison ◽  
Kip Findley ◽  
Raulf Polichar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anisotropic Plasticity ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Perfect Cleavage ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractCerium and lanthanum tribromides and trichlorides form isomorphous alloys with the hexagonal UCl3 type structure, and have been shown to exhibit high luminosity and proportional response, making them attractive alternatives for room temperature gamma ray spectroscopy. However the fundamental physical and chemical properties of this system introduce challenges for material processing, scale-up, and detector fabrication. In particular, low fracture stress and perfect cleavage along prismatic planes cause profuse cracking during and after crystal growth, impeding efforts to scale this system for production of low cost, large diameter spectrometers. We have reported progress on basic materials science of the lanthanide halides. Studies to date have included thermomechanical and thermogravimetric analyses, hygroscopicity, yield strength, and fracture toughness. The observed mechanical properties pose challenging problems for material production and post processing; therefore, understanding mechanical behavior is key to fabricating large single crystals, and engineering of robust detectors and systems. Analysis of the symmetry and crystal structure of this system, including identification of densely-packed and electrically neutral planes with slip and cleavage, and comparison of relative formation and propagation energies for proposed slip systems, suggest possible mechanisms for deformation and crack initiation under stress. The low c/a ratio and low symmetry relative to traditional scintillators indicate limited and highly anisotropic plasticity cause redistribution of residual process stress to cleavage planes, initiating fracture. Ongoing work to develop fracture resistant lanthanide halides is presented.

Degradation of Colored Polystyrene Films

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Josy Anteveli Osajima ◽  
Mônica Regina Silva de Araujo ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti da Silva Filho ◽  
João Sammy Nery de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Crystal Violet Dye ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Polystyrene is commercial polymer of extensive use in industrial scale due to great physical and chemical properties and low cost. Lifespan of polymer materials can be changed by incorporation of additions to polymeric matrix.The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of crystal violet dye in polystyrene matrices when irradiated by visible radiation. The samples were studied in the form of films, in which solution of crystal violet (5.0x10-4mol.L-1) was added to the PS solution (8% w / w). The films were irradiated with commercial lamp for 150 hours and analyzed with UV-Vis and FTIR. The results showed that the dye degraded at a rate of 16%, however the FTIR analysis revealed that polystyrene did not degrade under the conditions studied, since no formation of carbonyl compounds was observed.

scholarly journals Chitosan–Starch Films Modified with Natural Extracts to Remove Heavy Oil from Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jessica I. Lozano-Navarro ◽  
Nancy P. Díaz-Zavala ◽  
José A. Melo-Banda ◽  
Carlos Velasco-Santos ◽  
Francisco Paraguay-Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Chitosan films were used to remove heavy oil from connate water, deionized water, and seawater. In this research, chitosan–starch films were modified with natural extracts from cranberry, blueberry, beetroot, pomegranate, oregano, pitaya, and grape. These biodegradable, low-cost, eco-friendly materials show an important oil sorption capacity from different water conditions. It was observed that the sorption capacity has a clear correlation with the extract type, quantity, and water pH. In order to understand the physical and chemical properties of the films, they were analyzed according to their apparent density, water content, solubility, and swelling degree by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), and the determination of surface area using the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method. The results indicate that chitosan–starch films modified with natural extracts can be successfully applied for environmental issues such as oil spill remedy.

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