scholarly journals Synaptic and Fast Switching Memristance in Porous Silicon-Based Structures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Torres-Costa ◽  
Ermei Mäkilä ◽  
Sari Granroth ◽  
Edwin Kukk ◽  
Jarno Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Memristive Behavior ◽  
Silicon Structures ◽  
Proper Material ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
New Generation

Memristors are two terminal electronic components whose conductance depends on the amount of charge that has flown across them over time. This dependence can be gradual, such as in synaptic memristors, or abrupt, as in resistive switching memristors. Either of these memory effects are very promising for the development of a whole new generation of electronic devices. For the successful implementation of practical memristors, however, the development of low cost industry compatible memristive materials is required. Here the memristive properties of differently processed porous silicon structures are presented, which are suitable for different applications. Electrical characterization and SPICE simulations show that laser-carbonized porous silicon shows a strong synaptic memristive behavior influenced by defect diffusion, while wet-oxidized porous silicon has strong resistance switching properties, with switching ratios over 8000. Results show that practical memristors of either type can be achieved with porous silicon whose memristive properties can be adjusted by the proper material processing. Thus, porous silicon may play an important role for the successful realization of practical memristorics with cost-effective materials and processes.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Porous Silicon Based Humidity Sensing Elements on Paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero Jalkanen ◽  
Anni Määttänen ◽  
Ermei Mäkilä ◽  
Jaani Tuura ◽  
Martti Kaasalainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Silver Electrodes ◽  
Silicon Based

A roll-to-roll compatible fabrication process of porous silicon (pSi) based sensing elements for a real-time humidity monitoring is described. The sensing elements, consisting of printed interdigitated silver electrodes and a spray-coated pSi layer, were fabricated on a coated paper substrate by a two-step process. Capacitive and resistive responses of the sensing elements were examined under different concentrations of humidity. More than a three orders of magnitude reproducible decrease in resistance was measured when the relative humidity (RH) was increased from 0% to 90%. A relatively fast recovery without the need of any refreshing methods was observed with a change in RH. Humidity background signal and hysteresis arising from the paper substrate were dependent on the thickness of sensing pSi layer. Hysteresis in most optimal sensing element setup (a thick pSi layer) was still noticeable but not detrimental for the sensing. In addition to electrical characterization of sensing elements, thermal degradation and moisture adsorption properties of the paper substrate were examined in connection to the fabrication process of the silver electrodes and the moisture sensitivity of the paper. The results pave the way towards the development of low-cost humidity sensors which could be utilized, for example, in smart packaging applications or in smart cities to monitor the environment.

scholarly journals Modelling of new generation plasma optical devices

Nukleonika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Litovko ◽  
Alexy A. Goncharov ◽  
Andrew N. Dobrovolskiy ◽  
Lily V. Naiko ◽  
Irina V. Naiko
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Plasma Accelerators ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Closed Electron ◽  
Positive Space

Abstract The paper presents new generation plasma optical devices based on the electrostatic plasma lens configuration that opens a novel attractive possibility for effective high-tech practical applications. Original approaches to use of plasma accelerators with closed electron drift and open walls for the creation of a cost-effective low-maintenance plasma lens with positive space charge and possible application for low-cost, low-energy rocket engine are described. The preliminary experimental, theoretical and simulation results are presented. It is noted that the presented plasma devices are attractive for many different applications in the state-of-the-art vacuum-plasma processing.

Porous silicon structures for low-cost diffraction-based biosensing

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (17) ◽  
pp. 171103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judson D. Ryckman ◽  
Marco Liscidini ◽  
J. E. Sipe ◽  
S. M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Structures

scholarly journals Low cost, high performance processing of single particle cryo-electron microscopy data in the cloud

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Cianfrocco ◽  
Andres E. Leschziner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Microscopy Data ◽  
New Generation

The advent of a new generation of electron microscopes and direct electron detectors has realized the potential of single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) as a technique to generate high-resolution structures. However, calculating these structures requires high performance computing clusters, a resource that may be limiting to many likely cryo-EM users. To address this limitation and facilitate the spread of cryo-EM, we developed a publicly available ‘off-the-shelf’ computing environment on Amazon’s elastic cloud computing infrastructure. This environment provides users with single particle cryo-EM software packages and the ability to create computing clusters that can range in size from 16 to 480+ CPUs. Importantly, these computing clusters are also cost-effective, as we illustrate here by determining a near-atomic resolution structure of the 80S yeast ribosome for $28.89 USD in ~10 hours.

scholarly journals Design & Development of Laser Etched Porous-Silicon Capacitive Chip for Rapid Sensing of Pesticide Solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
shailesh mahendralal gheewala ◽  
Chinthakunta Parmesh ◽  
Piyush N. Patel ◽  
Rasika Dhavse
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Chip Design ◽  
Silicon Based

Abstract This work presents the development of porous silicon-based electrical sensor for the detection and quantification of organic solvents. The design of silicon chip is modeled as capacitive sensor. Different electrode configurations like coplanar top electrodes, top-bottom, coplanar bottom electrodes were analyzed in order to select optimum chip design for sensing application. The prototype chip was fabrication that used a mechanized pulse fiber laser etching process in order to develop a single-layer silicon structure with uniform porous structures. The fabricated chip was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and it shows an average pore diameter of 55.22 µm and pore depth of 98.9 µm. Organic solvents like ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile were tested and analyzed in order to investigate the performance of the proposed chip. Unlike porous silicon based optical sensors, the proposed sensor exhibited stable results up to 35 days at room temperature. The application of the proposed sensor chip is demonstrated for sensing and for the quantification of Atrazine chemical which is a pesticide solvent which is utilized in farming to control weeds. The sensitivity and the limit of detection was found to be 0.51 nF/ppm and 0.929 ppm respectively. The proposed capacitive-based porous silicon chip is suitable for time-effective and low-cost sensing and detection of organic solvents that are used in food industry.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Inspection of Rebar Spacing and Clearance Using RGB-D Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12509
Author(s):  
Xinxing Yuan ◽  
Fernando Moreu ◽  
Maryam Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Maximum Standard Deviation ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
New Generation

The quality assurance of constructing reinforced concrete (RC) structures in compliance with their design plays a key role in the durability, serviceability, and sustainability of the built RC elements. One area of concern in the quality control of constructing RC structures is examining the position and dimension of the rebars before pouring fresh concrete. Currently, this is accomplished by visual inspection and individually by hand with limited time available between construction stages. Over the past decades, structural health and monitoring during the construction period has applied remote sensing technologies. However, little research has focused on the use of such technologies to inspect and evaluate rebar placement prior to concrete pouring as quality control. In this study we develop an algorithm that facilitates inspecting the positions of rebars and the cover of concrete using a new-generation low-cost RGB-D sensor to find incorrect rebar placement. The proposed method is evaluated using a typical 5 × 5 two-layer rebar cage in the laboratory by comparing the proposed technique with traditional inspection methods. The results show that the RGB-D sensor can achieve cost-effective inspection for rebar spacing and clearance with an acceptable tolerance. The evaluation of rebar spacing results shows that the maximum standard deviation for rebar spacing is 0.34 inch (8.64 mm) between longitudinal rebar 2 and 3, which is the same as the rebar construction and traditional tape measurement results. The concrete cover estimation results show that the maximum standard deviation for rebar cage concrete cover is 0.19 inch (4.83 mm) for longitudinal rebar 3. The issues of new RGB-D sensor scan settings and the test results will be helpful for practitioners in improving construction quality.

scholarly journals Affordable telecommunications

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Poblet
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Telecommunication Services ◽  
Hardware Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
New Generation

  The unparalleled success of mobile technologies, the emergence of new modes of software and hardware production, and the free circulation of shared knowledge in the Web 2.0 have enabled a new generation of bottom-up, community-based, cost-effective telecommunications initiatives and projects. While these endeavours find their roots in previous hobbyists’ movements (i.e. amateur radio, software hackers, do-it-yourself communities) today's’ initiatives are able to connect, co-produce and share knowledge with world-wide communities, engaging new participants both at the local and the global level. This article reviews recent developments that aim to provide free or low-cost access to telecommunication services in different areas. From Do-It-Yourself (DIY) satellites to mesh networks, these projects tap into the wisdom and resources of communities to offer non-commercial alternatives to present telecommunications services. The technology, organisational, and regulatory challenges they also face cannot be underestimated either. However, in their struggle to find and consolidate new markets, affordable telecommunications reveal that a new digital economy based on co-production could be under way.  

Advances in Liquid Encapsulated Chip-on-Board / MCM-L Technology

1995 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Robinson ◽  
David B. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
Multichip Module ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reliability Performance

ABSTRACTChip-on-Board technology (COB), or the currently more often used MCM-L acronym (MultiChip Module - Laminate), has long been touted as the low cost, high density electronics packaging choice of the future. Unfortunately, poor reliability performance in comparison to traditional plastic packaging, has been a trademark of COB/MCM-L. Recent advances in processes and materials for COB/MCM-L are providing a paradigm shift in reliability, and providing cost effective high reliability packaging solutions for COB/MCM-L. This paper examines the history of recent advances in liquid encapsulated COB/MCM-L and provides guidelines for selecting appropriate materials and processes for their successful implementation into cost effective manufacturing.

scholarly journals Surge of the Innovative Quest in the first lockdown period due to the Pandemic Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Ishita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Effective Drugs

When the entire world is reeling under the COVID 19 pandemic effect and the tensed human race is struggling to return back to the normalcy of life, the one thing which has become very active is the grey cells of our brain. The pandemic effect has cut down our physical limits due to the movement constraints. But it is thankfully unable to restrict the ticking of the grey cells of the human brain. As is said, “Necessity is the mother of the invention”. Sure enough!! We can be extremely pleased to know that the innovative surge in science and technology continues unabated in this lockdown period. The prime requirement of the pandemic effect is social distancing, less physical contact and keeping ourselves away from infection by corona virus. Keeping this necessity in mind, the doctors, the engineers, the researchers as well as the students’ community are keeping themselves busy in pumping out the solutions to the currently faced problems. The outputs include automatic masks machines, low cost PPE’s, automatic wash basins, suitable ventilators, sanitizer tunnels etc. This review paper looks into the innovative surge already made and what more can be churned out for the effective social safety in this tensed pandemic effect. The most awaited news as of now is the successful implementation of an effective vaccine and cost effective drugs which can help the human beings breathe easy. The pandemic effect has also showed us the way for a cleaner and greener nature. It is now a challenge to the intellectual world to come up with inexpensive, innovative and smart solutions which will make our beautiful planet safer, greener, cleaner and worthier to live in.

scholarly journals Efficient and Stable Perovskite Large Area Cells by Low-Cost Fluorene-Xantene-Based Hole Transporting Layer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6081
Author(s):  
Luigi Vesce ◽  
Maurizio Stefanelli ◽  
Aldo Di Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Hole Transporting Material ◽  
The One ◽  
New Generation

Among the new generation photovoltaics, perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology reached top efficiencies in a few years. Currently, the main objective to further develop PSCs is related to the fabrication of stable devices with cost-effective materials and reliable fabrication processes to achieve a possible industrialization pathway. In the n-i-p device configuration, the hole transporting material (HTM) used most is the highly doped organic spiro-fluorene-based material (Spiro-OMeTAD). In addition to the high cost related to its complex synthesis, this material has different issues such as poor photo, thermal and moisture stability. Here, we test on small and large area PSCs a commercially available HTM (X55, Dyenamo) with a new core made by low-cost fluorene–xantene units. The one-pot synthesis of this compound reduces 30 times its cost with respect to Spiro-OMeTAD. The optoelectronic performances and properties are characterized through JV measurement, IPCE (incident photon to current efficiency), steady-state photoluminescence and ISOS stability test. SEM (scanning electron microscope) images reveal a uniform and pinhole free coverage of the X55 HTM surface, which reduces the charge recombination losses and improves the device performance relative to Spiro-OMeTAD from 16% to 17%. The ISOS-D-1 stability test on large area cells without any encapsulation reports an efficiency drop of about 15% after 1000 h compared to 30% for the reference case.

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