scholarly journals Efficacy of Nutritional Interventions as Stand-Alone or Synergistic Treatments with Exercise for the Management of Sarcopenia

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Damanti ◽  
Domenico Azzolino ◽  
Carlotta Roncaglione ◽  
Beatrice Arosio ◽  
Paolo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Age Related

Sarcopenia is an age-related and accelerated process characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength/function. It is a multifactorial process associated with several adverse outcomes including falls, frailty, functional decline, hospitalization, and mortality. Hence, sarcopenia represents a major public health problem and has become the focus of intense research. Unfortunately, no pharmacological treatments are yet available to prevent or treat this age-related condition. At present, the only strategies for the management of sarcopenia are mainly based on nutritional and physical exercise interventions. The purpose of this review is, thus, to provide an overview on the role of proteins and other key nutrients, alone or in combination with physical exercise, on muscle parameters.

Vertebral Augmentation: Fluoroscopy and CT

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Vallejo ◽  
Ramsin Benyamin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Balloon Kyphoplasty ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vertebral Augmentation ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Comparable Rate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Impaired Quality

Osteoporosis, an age-related condition, is becoming a major public health problem. Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) constitute the most frequent complication of osteoporosis. The pain and immobility caused by osteoporotic VCFs are linked to significant morbidities and impaired quality of life. Percutaneous techniques such as vertebroplasty and vertebral augmentation have emerged as viable treatments for acutely painful VCFs over the last several decades. Vertebroplasty (PV) and balloon kyphoplasty (KP) are minimally invasive vertebral augmentation procedures involving injection of polymethylmethacrylate cement under radiologic control into a fractured vertebral body. Vertebroplasty appears to offer a comparable rate of postoperative pain relief as kyphoplasty while using less bone cement, more often via a unilateral approach and without the attendant risk of adjacent level fracture.

scholarly journals Extensible artificial intelligence model predicts post-ablation AF recurrence using coronary sinus electrogram

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Huang ◽  
Z Zhang ◽  
K Lin ◽  
Z Zuo ◽  
Q Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
F Measure ◽  
Af Recurrence

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major public health problem with significant adverse outcomes and catheter ablation is a widely adopted treatment. The CABANA trial showed that catheter ablation reduced AF recurrence to a greater extent than medications. However, some of patients who underwent this procedure still experience relapse. Here, we present an innovative way to identify this subgroup using an artificial intelligence (AI) -assisted coronary sinus electrogram. Hypothesis Our hypothesis is that credible features in the electrogram can be extracted by AI for prediction, therefore rigorous drug administration, close follow-up or potential second procedure can be applied to these patients. Methods 67 patients from two independent hospitals (SPH & ZSH) with non-valvular persistent AF undergoing circumferential pulmonary vein isolation were enrolled in this study, 23 of which experienced recurrence 6 months after the procedure. We collected standard 2.5-second fragments of coronary sinus electrogram from ENSITE NAVX (SPH) and Carto (ZSH)system before the ablation started. A total of 1429 fragments were obtained and a transfer learning-based ResNet model was employed in our study. Fragments from ZSH were used for training and SPH for validation of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN). The AI model performance was evaluated by accuracy, recall, precision, F-Measure and AUC. Results The prediction accuracy of the DCNN in single center reached 96%, while that in different ablation systems reached 74.3%. Also, the algorithm yielded values for the AUC, recall, precision and F-Measure of 0.76, 86.1%, 95.9% and 0.78, respectively, which shows satisfactory classification results and extensibility in different cardiology centers and brands of electroanatomic mapping instruments. Conclusions Our work has revealed the potential intrinsic correlation between coronary sinus electrical activity and AF recurrence using DCNN-based model. Moreover, the DCNN model we developed shows great prospects in the relapse prediction for personalized post-procedural management. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The National Natural Science Foundation of China

scholarly journals Dating and relationship violence victimization and perpetration among 11–16 year olds in Wales: a cross-sectional analysis of the School Health Research Network (SHRN) survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honor Young ◽  
Sara Jayne Long ◽  
G J Melendez-Torres ◽  
Hyun Sue Kim ◽  
Gillian Hewitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
School Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Relationship Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background This study examines the prevalence of dating and relationship violence (DRV) victimization, perpetration and joint victimization and perpetration, and associations between DRV and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional self-report data from 74 908 students aged 11–16 from 193 schools across Wales were collected and analysed using generalized estimating equations to examine prevalence and predictors of emotional and physical DRV victimization, perpetration and joint victimization and perpetration. Results More girls reported emotional victimization (28%) and perpetration (18%) than boys (20% and 16%, respectively). More girls (8%) than boys (7%) reported physical perpetration. However, boys (17%) reported more physical victimization than girls (12%). Age-related trajectories of DRV victimization and perpetration were stronger in girls than in boys. Students from single or step parent homes, those in care, and certain ethnic minority groups had increased odds of DRV. No association was found between socioeconomic status and DRV. Conclusions Age-related trajectories and the lack of social patterning by socioeconomic status point to the value of early, universal interventions, while some evidence of ethnic patterning and family structure-related risk factors suggest areas for further research and targeted interventions. DRV continues to be a major public health problem for which little UK-specific intervention evidence exists.

scholarly journals A Life Course Approach to the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Indonesia

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Ali Sungkar ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono ◽  
Rima Irwinda ◽  
Nurul R. M. Manikam ◽  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Long Term Impact

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a long-term impact on each life stage and remains worldwide a major public health problem. Eleven experts were invited to participate in a virtual meeting to discuss the present situation and the available intervention to prevent iron deficiency anemia in Indonesia. The experts consisted of obstetric gynecologists, pediatricians, nutritionists, midwives, a clinical psychologist, and an education expert. Existing interventions focus attention on preconception and early childhood stages. Considering the inter-generational effects of IDA, we call attention to expanding strategies to all life stages through integrating political, educational, and nutritional interventions. The experts agreed that health education and nutritional intervention should be started since adolescence. Further research to explore the effectiveness of these interventions would be important for many regions in the world. The outcome of this Indonesian consensus is applicable worldwide.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Geriatric Depression: An Opinion

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
João Moutão ◽  
Eric Murillo-Rodriguez ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Depression represents a common public health problem in the world. Depression in the elderly appears to follow a vulnerability-stress model, with an interaction between individual vulnerabilities, including genetic factors, age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes, and a variety of stressful events that occur more frequently in advanced ages, such as grief, financial problems, and reduction in autonomy/functionality. In the last decades, several studies have indicated that exercise can be effective in preventing or reducing depressive symptoms, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Due to the scientific community's interest in the efficacy and safety of physical exercise as complementary therapy for depressed elderly patients, we conduct an opinion study on the subject. Despite the researchers' efforts, in the last decades little progress has been made in verifying the efficacy of exercise in geriatric depression.

CURRENT NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND NOVEL DIETARY STRATEGIES TO MANAGE SARCOPENIA

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
R. CALVANI ◽  
A. MICCHELI ◽  
F. LANDI ◽  
M. BOSSOLA ◽  
M. CESARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Muscle ◽  
And Function ◽  
Dietary Agents ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with aging, is associated withincreased risk for several adverse health outcomes, including frailty, disability, falls, loss of independent living,and mortality. At present, no pharmacological treatment exists that is able to definitely halt the progression ofsarcopenia. Likewise, no pharmacological remedies are yet available to prevent the onset of age-related musclewasting. The combination of nutritional interventions and physical exercise appears to be the most effectivestrategy presently available for the management of sarcopenia. The purposes of this review are to summarize thecurrent knowledge on the role of nutrition as a countermeasure for sarcopenia, illustrate the mechanisms of actionof relevant dietary agents on the aging muscle, and introduce novel nutritional strategies that may help preservemuscle mass and function into old age. Issues related to the identification of the optimal timing of nutritionalinterventions in the context of primary and secondary prevention are also discussed. Finally, the prospect ofelaborating personalized dietary and physical exercise recommendations through the implementation ofintegrated, high-throughput analytic approaches is illustrated.

scholarly journals Molecular Interactions between Dietary Lipids and Bone Tissue during Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Jose M. Romero-Márquez ◽  
Alfonso Varela-López ◽  
María D. Navarro-Hortal ◽  
Alberto Badillo-Carrasco ◽  
Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Related

Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.

scholarly journals Presidential Symposium: Physiological vs. Molecular Clocks, Studies From Mice to Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Blanka Rogina
Keyword(s):  
Functional Decline ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extended Longevity ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Aging is associated with a functional decline in metabolic, physiological, proliferative, and tissue homeostasis leading to deterioration at the organismal level, and an increased risk for disease and death. Genetic, pharmacological and nutritional interventions have been successfully used to preserve metabolic health, which leads to preserved healthspan and extended longevity. However, the rate at which animals in a population become impaired by age-related frailty and disease is highly variable and several aging clocks that measure different age-modulated processes in the organism are being use as potential markers of the rate of aging. These molecular clocks allow to a more accurate quantification of the biological age of animals. Nevertheless, there is still room for further discussion in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of these biomarkers, in order to probe their biological significance, cellular mechanisms, and epidemiological potential to further explore their long-term benefit of increasing healthspan. This symposium will discuss new approaches to delineate physiological versus molecular clocks based on studies in mice and humans. We will also discuss species-specific metabolic mechanisms based on longitudinal studies in mice, monkeys and humans.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Changes Across the Lifespan: Nutrition and the Life-Course Approach to Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Azzolino ◽  
Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro ◽  
Edoardo Saporiti ◽  
Costanza Luchetti ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Life Course

Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of muscle mass and function, the so-called sarcopenia. Also bone loss is widespread among older people. Sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis are associated with several adverse outcomes including falls, risk of fractures, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Recently, the life-course approach to prevent or delay functional decline has become very popular. Regarding musculoskeletal health, there is suggestive evidence that acting during critical or sensitive periods of life in which each person build-up its biological reserves may influence the rate of functional decline in the later stages of life. A life-course approach to musculoskeletal health should take place during early life when plasticity allows more easily the attainment of the peak of the musculoskeletal system driven by environmental stimuli. The rate of the subsequent decline will depend on the peak previously reached. Nutrition and physical exercise are important environmental factors that can influence musculoskeletal development by favoring and maintaining peak bone and muscle mass and strength. Here we provide an overview of body composition changes occurring across the lifespan and strategies based on nutrition and physical exercise to support musculoskeletal health as well as minimizing losses during older life.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Frailty Screening, Management and Its Implementation Among Acute Care Providers in Singapore: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Vivienne Mai Khanh Le ◽  
Amber Lim Yew Chen ◽  
Emily Jiali Koh ◽  
Tu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background Frailty has emerged to be a public health concern among aging populations. COVID-19 pandemic has reminded how the frailest individuals are particularly exposed to adverse outcomes. It is important to identify and manage frailty to delay functional decline and reduce unnecessary health utilizations. Our study explored understanding on frailty and practice of frailty screening among different acute care professionals in Singapore, (2) identify barriers and facilitators concerning frailty screening, management and its implementation.Methods A qualitative study using focus group discussion among nurses and individual interviews among physicians from four departments (Accident & Emergency, Anaethesia, General Surgery, Orthopedics) in three acute hospitals from the three public health clusters in Singapore. Participants were recruited through a combination of purposive, convenience and snowball approach with a directed approach by using NVIVO 12.0 to analyse the data. Result Frailty was mainly but inadequately understood as a physical and age-related concept. Screening for frailty in acute care was considered necessary to reduce adverse health outcomes. Specific issues related to screening, management and implementation identified were: cooperation from patient/caregivers, acceptance from healthcare workers/hospital managers, need for dedicated resources, guidelines for follow-up management and consensus on the scope of measurement for different specialties. Conclusion Our findings indicated the need for 1) education program for patients/care givers and stakeholders 2) hospital wide push to adopt and develop a uniform frailty screening tool and process and 3) applying relevant guidelines, developing whole of hospital approach and process for the management of frail patients.

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