Effect of Short-Term Dietary Intervention and Probiotic Mix Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota of Elderly Obese Women

Accumulating literature is providing evidence that the gut microbiota is involved in metabolic disorders, but the question of how to effectively modulate it to restore homeostasis, especially in the elderly, is still under debate. In this study, we profiled the intestinal microbiota of 20 elderly obese women (EO) at the baseline (T0), after 15 days of hypocaloric Mediterranean diet administered as part of a nutritional-metabolic rehabilitation program for obesity (T1), and after a further 15 days of the same diet supplemented with a probiotic mix (T2). Fecal samples were characterized by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The EO microbiota showed the typical alterations found in obesity, namely, an increase in potential pro-inflammatory components (i.e., Collinsella) and a decrease in health-promoting, short-chain fatty acid producers (i.e., Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae members), with a tendency to reduced biodiversity. After 15 days of the rehabilitation program, weight decreased by (2.7 ± 1.5)% and the gut microbiota dysbiosis was partially reversed, with a decline of Collinsella and an increase in leanness-related taxa. During the next 15 days of diet and probiotics, weight dropped further by (1.2 ± 1.1)%, markers of oxidative stress improved, and Akkermansia, a mucin degrader with beneficial effects on host metabolism, increased significantly. These findings support the relevant role of a correct dietetic approach, even in the short term, to modulate the EO gut microbiota towards a metabolic health-related configuration, counteracting the increased risk of morbidity in these patients.

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Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic Schizophyllum commune derived β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan and probiotic concoction benefits gut microbiota and its associated metabolic activities

Applied Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13765-020-00572-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vineet Singh ◽

Karthika Muthuramalingam ◽

Young Mee Kim ◽

Sanggyu Park ◽

Sung Hong Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Schizophyllum Commune ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Metabolic Functions ◽

Synbiotic Supplementation ◽

Metabolic Activities

AbstractSynbiotics synergistically favors beneficial effects of prebiotics and probiotics towards host metabolic health by modulating gut ecosystem. In this study, we sought to examine the effects of prebiotics (Schizophyllum commune derived β-(1,3/1,6)-glucan), probiotics (concoction made of eight different bacterial strains) and synbiotics (prebiotics + probiotics) on gut microbiota and its associated metabolic functions through 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis. Results showed that probiotics strains used in this study were detected more in the synbiotic and probiotic treatments, while prebiotic dietary intervention increased the total bacterial abundance and metabolisms related to host immune strengthening. Probiotics and synbiotics dietary interventions enhanced similar metabolisms relating to butanediol and s-adenosyl-l-methionine biosynthesis. Probiotics treatment also showed depleted metabolic activities related to SCFA productions, that were not depleted in prebiotics treatment. With varying differential abundance patterns and metabolic activities across the treatments, our results suggest that synbiotic treatment provide more beneficial effects over probiotics and prebiotics.

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A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0250874

Author(s):

Francesco Miragoli ◽

Vania Patrone ◽

Aldo Prandini ◽

Samantha Sigolo ◽

Matteo Dell’Anno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Control Group ◽

Central Position ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Health ◽

Inorganic Ion ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Weaning is a critical period for piglets, in which unbalanced gut microbiota and/or pathogen colonisation can contribute to diseases that interfere with animal performance. Tannins are natural compounds that could be used as functional ingredients to improve gut health in pig farming thanks to their antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiarrhoeal properties. In this study, a mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins (1.25%) was evaluated for its efficacy in reducing the negative weaning effects on piglet growth. Microbiota composition was assessed by Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from stools at the end of the trial. Sequence analysis revealed an increase in the genera Shuttleworthia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Peptococcus, Anaerostipes, and Solobacterium in the tannin-supplemented group. Conversely, this dietary intervention reduced the abundance of the genera Syntrophococcus, Atopobium, Mitsuokella, Sharpea, and Prevotella. The populations of butyrate-producing bacteria were modulated by tannin, and higher butyrate concentrations in stools were detected in the tannin-fed pigs. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the families Veillonellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae occupied the central part of the network in both the control and the tannin-fed animals. Instead, in the tannin group, the OTUs belonging to the families Acidaminococcaceae, Alcaligenaceae, and Spirochaetaceae characterised its network, whereas Family XIII Incertae Sedis occupied a more central position than in the control group. Conversely, the presence of Desulfovibrionaceae characterised the network of the control group, and this family was not present in the network of the tannin group. Moreover, the prediction of metabolic pathways revealed that the gut microbiome of the tannin group possessed an enhanced potential for carbohydrate transport and metabolism, as well as a lower abundance of pathways related to cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis and inorganic ion transport. In conclusion, the tested tannins seem to modulate the gut microbiota, favouring groups of butyrate-producing bacteria.

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Dietary Supplementation with Inulin Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Prediabetes

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2021/5579369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Xiaojing Wang ◽

Tong Wang ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Li Xu ◽

Xinhua Xiao

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Miseq Platform

Aims. Accumulating evidence indicates gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in metabolic disorders, including prediabetes. The prebiotic inulin has been frequently reported to exert beneficial effects on the host metabolism. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with inulin modulates gut microbiota structure in prediabetes, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods. We performed a prospective single-arm study. A total of 49 subjects with prediabetes (WHO 1999 criteria) were voluntarily enrolled. Each subject received a daily supplement with 15 g of inulin for 6 months. Glucose and lipid metabolic parameters and gut microbiota were analyzed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after inulin intervention. Intestinal microbiota profile was evaluated using the Illumina MiSeq platform based on V3-V4 bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Results. The mean age of 49 subjects was 56.6 ± 6.9 years and BMI was 25.07 ± 3.02 kg/m2. After 24 weeks of prevention, inulin significantly decreased fasting insulin (2.38 ± 0.50 vs. 2.22 ± 0.62, P = 0.03 ) and 2-hour post-OGTT insulin (4.01 ± 0.77 vs. 3.74 ± 0.76, P = 0.02 ) and improved HOMA-IR (1.05 ± 0.53 vs. 0.85 ± 0.66, P = 0.03 ). Gut microbiota analysis indicated that inulin supplement resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Anaerostipes both at 3 and 6 months, while with a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes. Spearman correlation analysis revealed altered microbial community was associated with glucose and lipids metabolic parameters. Conclusions. Inulin supplementation improves insulin resistance of prediabetes and exerts beneficial effects on modulating the intestinal microbiota composition. These findings suggest that insulin may be a potentially novel and inexpensive intervention for prediabetes.

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Gut Microbiome in a Russian Cohort of Pre- and Post-Cholecystectomy Female Patients

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11040294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

Irina Grigor’eva ◽

Tatiana Romanova ◽

Natalia Naumova ◽

Tatiana Alikina ◽

Alexey Kuznetsov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Female Patients ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Before And After

The last decade saw extensive studies of the human gut microbiome and its relationship to specific diseases, including gallstone disease (GSD). The information about the gut microbiome in GSD-afflicted Russian patients is scarce, despite the increasing GSD incidence worldwide. Although the gut microbiota was described in some GSD cohorts, little is known regarding the gut microbiome before and after cholecystectomy (CCE). By using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we inventoried the fecal bacteriobiome composition and structure in GSD-afflicted females, seeking to reveal associations with age, BMI and some blood biochemistry. Overall, 11 bacterial phyla were identified, containing 916 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The fecal bacteriobiome was dominated by Firmicutes (66% relative abundance), followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Actinobacteria (8%) and Proteobacteria (4%) phyla. Most (97%) of the OTUs were minor or rare species with ≤1% relative abundance. Prevotella and Enterocossus were linked to blood bilirubin. Some taxa had differential pre- and post-CCE abundance, despite the very short time (1–3 days) elapsed after CCE. The detailed description of the bacteriobiome in pre-CCE female patients suggests bacterial foci for further research to elucidate the gut microbiota and GSD relationship and has potentially important biological and medical implications regarding gut bacteria involvement in the increased GSD incidence rate in females.

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Colonisation potential of plantaricin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum SF9C andS-layer-carrying Lactobacillus brevis SF9B among gut microbiota

10.21203/rs.2.23400/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katarina Butorac ◽

Martina Banic ◽

Jasna Novak ◽

Andreja Leboš Pavunc ◽

Ksenija Uroic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Lactobacillus Brevis ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Combined Application ◽

Probiotic Potential ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background: The influence of an S-layer-carrying strain Lactobacillus brevis SF9B and a plantaricin-producing strain Lactobacillus plantarum SF9C on the gut microbiota composition was evaluated in the rats. Considering the probiotic potential of Lb. brevis SF9B, this study aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of Lb. plantarum SF9C and potential for their in vivo colonisation, which could be the basis for the investigation of their synergistic functionality. Results: A plantaricin-encoding cluster was identified in Lb. plantarum SF9C, a strain which efficiently inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC®19111™ and Staphylococcus aureus 3048. Contrary to the plantaricin-producing SF9C strain, the S-layer-carrying SF9B strain excluded Escherichia coli 3014 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium FP1 from adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Finally, DGGE analysis of the V2-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the transit of two selected lactobacilli through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Microbiome profiling via the Illumina MiSeq platform revealed the prevalence of Lactobacillus spp. in the gut microbiota of rats suggesting their colonisation potential in GIT.Conclusion: The combined application of Lb. plantarum SF9C and Lb. brevis SF9B could influence the intestinal microbiota composition, which is reflected through the increased abundance of Lactobacillus genus, but also through altered abundances of other bacterial genera, either in the model of healthy or aberrant microbiota of rats. The obtained results contributed to the functional aspects of SF9C and SF9B strains which could be incorporated in the probiotic-containing functional foods and therefore have a beneficial influence on the gut microbiota composition.

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The Effect of White Rice and White Bread as Staple Foods on Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10091323 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1323 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fumika Mano ◽

Kaori Ikeda ◽

Erina Joo ◽

Yoshihito Fujita ◽

Shunsuke Yamane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

White Bread ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

White Rice ◽

Staple Foods ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

Side Dishes

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two kinds of major Japanese staple foods, white rice and white bread, on gut microbiota against the background in which participants eat common side dishes. Seven healthy subjects completed the dietary intervention with two 1-week test periods with a 1-week wash-out period in cross-over design (UMIN registration UMIN000023142). White bread or white rice and 21 frozen prepared side dishes were consumed during the test periods. At baseline and at the end of each period, fasting blood samples, breath samples, and fecal samples were collected. For fecal samples, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota. After the bread period, the abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium genus (19.2 ± 14.5 vs. 6.2 ± 6.6 (%), p = 0.03), fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (13.6 ± 2.0 vs. 10.5 ± 2.9 (pg/mL), p = 0.03), and breath hydrogen (23.4 ± 9.9 vs. 8.2 ± 5.5 (ppm), p = 0.02) were significantly higher than those of after the rice period. Plasma SCFAs also tended to be higher after the bread period. White bread contains more dietary fiber than refined short grain rice. These findings suggest that indigestible carbohydrate intake from short grain rice as a staple food may be smaller than that of white bread.

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AGED MICE ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY AFTER 1 WEEK OF CONSUMING A HIGH SUGAR DIET

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S108-S108

Author(s):

Ana P Valencia ◽

Jeremy Whitson ◽

Rudolph Stuppard ◽

Gustavo Valencia ◽

Peter Rabinovitch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽

Heart Function ◽

The Elderly ◽

Saline Control ◽

H2o2 Production ◽

Sugar Consumption ◽

Short Term ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Old Mice

Abstract Over 80% of American adults exceed their daily recommended intake of sugar (<10% kcal). While habitual sugar consumption is associated with an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, less is known about the effects of short-term sugar consumption on metabolic health, particularly in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to test whether aged hearts are more susceptible to pathology following a short-term high sucrose (HS) diet. Specific goals were to: A) determine the effects of a 1-week HS diet exposure on the hearts of 5 month-old and 24 month-old mice; and B) test if the mitochondrial targeted peptide SS-31 can protect against HS-diet induced effects. Male CB6F1 mice were placed either on standard chow or HS diet after 1 week of receiving saline (control) or SS-31 through osmotic pumps. Heart function was assessed in vivo through echocardiography before and after treatments. One week of HS induced significant cardiac hypertrophy in the old mice compared to age-matched chow controls. Treatment with SS-31 prevented this HS induced hypertrophy. Young hearts were smaller than in the old, but size was unaffected by diet or SS-31. We observed no effect of HS (with or without SS-31) on respiration or H2O2 production in isolated mitochondria from hearts using high-resolution respirometry. These data indicate that only 1-week exposure to HS diet is enough to exacerbate cardiac hypertrophy in aging mice, but factors other than heart mitochondrial ROS may mediate this effect.

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Impact of a Moderately Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Italian Obese Patients

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2707 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvia Pisanu ◽

Vanessa Palmas ◽

Veronica Madau ◽

Emanuela Casula ◽

Andrea Deledda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

The Impact ◽

The 16S Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Although it is known that the gut microbiota (GM) can be modulated by diet, the efficacy of specific dietary interventions in determining its composition and diversity in obese patients remains to be ascertained. The present work aims to evaluate the impact of a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet on the GM of obese and overweight patients (OB). The GM of 23 OB patients (F/M = 20/3) was compared before (T0) and after 3 months (T3) of nutritional intervention (NI). Fecal samples were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. At baseline, GM characterization confirmed typical obesity-associated dysbiosis. After 3 months of NI, patients presented a statistically significant reduction in body weight and fat mass, along with changes in the relative abundance of many microbial patterns. In fact, an increase in the abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e., Sphingobacteriaceae, Sphingobacterium, Bacteroides spp., Prevotella stercorea) and a depletion of many Firmicutes taxa (i.e., Lachnospiraceae members, Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcus, Veillonellaceae, Catenibacterium, Megamonas) were observed. In addition, the phylum Proteobacteria showed an increased abundance, while the genus Sutterella, within the same phylum, decreased after the intervention. Metabolic pathways, predicted by bioinformatic analyses, showed a decrease in membrane transport and cell motility after NI. The present study extends our knowledge of the GM profiles in OB, highlighting the potential benefit of moderate caloric restriction in counteracting the gut dysbiosis.

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Assessing the Effects of Ginger Extract on Polyphenol Profiles and the Subsequent Impact on the Fecal Microbiota by Simulating Digestion and Fermentation In Vitro

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3194

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Yong Chen ◽

Xiaosong Hu ◽

Fengqin Feng ◽

Luyun Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ph Value ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Health ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Mixed Culture Fermentation

The beneficial effects of ginger polyphenols have been extensively reported. However, their metabolic characteristics and health effects on gut microbiota are poor understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the digestion stability of ginger polyphenols and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota by simulating digestion and fermentation in vitro. Following simulated digestion in vitro, 85% of the polyphenols were still detectable, and the main polyphenol constituents identified in ginger extract are 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in the digestive fluids. After batch fermentation, the changes in microbial populations were measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In mixed-culture fermentation with fecal inoculate, digested ginger extract (GE) significantly modulated the fecal microbiota structure and promoted the growth of some beneficial bacterial populations, such as Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus. Furthermore, incubation with GE could elevate the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) accompanied by a decrease in the pH value. Additionally, the quantitative PCR results showed that 6-gingerol (6G), as the main polyphenol in GE, increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium significantly. Therefore, 6G is expected to be a potential prebiotic that improves human health by promoting gut health.

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The Infant Gut Microbiota at 12 Months and Its Associations with Maternal Pre-pregnancy BMI, Human Milk Exposure and Infant BMI-for-age Z-score (OR01-05-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz041.or01-05-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kameron Sugino ◽

Sarah Comstock ◽

Nigel Paneth

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Human Milk ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Women ◽

Z Score ◽

Child Health Outcomes ◽

Shannon Diversity

Abstract Objectives Determine if the infant gut microbiota at 12 months of age is associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI or infant human milk (HM) exposure. Additionally, determine whether infant BMI z-score at 12 months is associated with the infant microbiota composition and richness at 6 and 12 months. Methods Fecal samples were collected from infants at 6 (n = 35) and 12 (n = 32) months of age. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, infant weight and height, and the amount of HM in the infant diet were self-reported. Infant BMI for age z-scores (BAZ) were calculated using WHO Anthro software. Fecal communities were analyzed by 16S rRNA (V4) sequencing on an Illumina Miseq. Results Infants who had HM at 12 months had lower microbiota richness than infants who only received it until 6 months or were not exposed. Microbial community membership (Sorensen) was also significantly different in infants who received any HM at 12 months compared to infants who only received it until 6 months or were not exposed. The 12-month microbiota was similar for infants who received HM until 6 months or had no exposure. Infant BAZ at 12 months positively correlated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Fewer infants born to obese women were exposed to HM at 12 months compared to those born to normal weight women. However, HM exposure at 12 months was not associated with infant BAZ at 12 months. In the 12-month microbiota, Shannon diversity also positively correlated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. No alpha or beta diversity metrics of the infant microbiota at 6 months were associated with infant BAZ at 12 months. However, the Shannon diversity of the 12-month microbiota tended to be positively associated the 12-month infant BAZ. Conclusions Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher gut microbiota diversity at 12 months of age. This increase in diversity may influence host metabolism, providing a mechanistic link for elevated BAZ in infants whose mothers had an elevated BMI prior to becoming pregnant. Funding Sources Michigan State AgBioResearch, Child Health Advances through Research with Mothers, Michigan Health Endowment Fund, and the NIH Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program (Prenatal Exposures and Child Health Outcomes: A Statewide Study (UG3 OD023285)).

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