scholarly journals Inadequacy of Immune Health Nutrients: Intakes in US Adults, the 2005–2016 NHANES

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll A. Reider ◽  
Ray-Yuan Chung ◽  
Prasad P. Devarshi ◽  
Ryan W. Grant ◽  
Susan Hazels Mitmesser
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Immune Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Critical Nutrients ◽  
The U.S

A well-functioning immune system is essential for human health and well-being. Micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc have several functions throughout the immune system, yet inadequate nutrient intakes are pervasive in the US population. A large body of research shows that nutrient inadequacies can impair immune function and weaken the immune response. Here, we present a new analysis of micronutrient usual intake estimates based on nationally representative data in 26,282 adults (>19 years) from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Overall, the prevalence of inadequacy (% of population below estimated average requirement [EAR]) in four out of five key immune nutrients is substantial. Specifically, 45% of the U.S. population had a prevalence of inadequacy for vitamin A, 46% for vitamin C, 95% for vitamin D, 84% for vitamin E, and 15% for zinc. Dietary supplements can help address nutrient inadequacy for these immune-support nutrients, demonstrated by a lower prevalence of individuals below the EAR. Given the long-term presence and widening of nutrient gaps in the U.S.—specifically in critical nutrients that support immune health—public health measures should adopt guidelines to ensure an adequate intake of these micronutrients. Future research is needed to better understand the interactions and complexities of multiple nutrient shortfalls on immune health and assess and identify optimal levels of intake in at-risk populations.

Abstract 212: Control of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Biomarkers

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanjit Kaur ◽  
Abhishek Mewada ◽  
Vikas Veeranna ◽  
Sandip Zalawadiya ◽  
Krithi Ramesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of overall mortality even with optimal control. We sought to explore the association of novel biomarkers with mortality in a nationally representative cohort of adults based on DM status and control. Methods Adults (aged >20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) 1999-2008 we subdivided into four groups: no DM, Controlled DM, Uncontrolled DM and Evidence of DM but no formal diagnosis. Cox-proportional hazard analysis was performed to determine the association between novel biomarkers and mortality across the subgroups. Results Red cell distribution width (RDW) and homocysteine remained significant predictors of mortality beyond traditional risk factors (for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and additionally for hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and nutritional factor deficiencies) across all the DM subgroups in comparison to the other biomarkers. (Table 1). Conclusion RDW and homocysteine predict mortality irrespective of the diabetes status. These may be the potential targets for future research to ascertain the exact pathophysiologic mechanism.

scholarly journals Caregiving in the U.S. 2020: What Does the Latest Edition of This Survey Tell Us About Their Contributions and Needs?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 681-681
Author(s):  
Gabriela Prudencio ◽  
Heather Young
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
The Individual ◽  
National Profile ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Family and friends comprise the most basic unit of any society. For individuals who take on the responsibility of caring for another person through sickness or disability, it can often be challenging to see beyond the individual experience. Yet in the aggregate, family caregivers—whether they be families of kin or families of choice—are woven into the fabric of America’s health, social, economic, and long-term services and supports (LTSS) systems. As the country continues to age, the need to support caregivers as the cornerstone of society will only become more important. A national profile of family caregivers first emerged from the 1997 Caregiving in the U.S. study. Related studies were conducted in 2004, 2009, and 2015 by the NAC in collaboration with AARP. Caregiving in the U.S. 2020 presents a portrait of unpaid family caregivers today. A nationally representative survey (n=1,499), it replicates the methodology used in 2015. Therefore, during this symposium, AARP and NAC will present trend data from 2015 in comparison to 2020, and explore key subgroup differences. The presentation will cover prevalence, demographic characteristics, intensity and duration of care, the well-being of caregivers, the financial impact of family caregiving on caregivers themselves, and the degree to which technology supports caregivers today.

scholarly journals Experiences of Older Adults During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: An Initial Exploration of Nationally Representative Data at the Intersection of Gender and Race

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110482
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Wonmai Punksungka ◽  
Samuel Van Vleet ◽  
Abigail Helsinger ◽  
Phyllis Cummins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Older Populations

Little is known about the overall experiences and feelings of diverse older populations during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. To provide the baseline information for future research and policy, this study analyzed the 2020 Health and Retirement Study COVID-19 project data ( n = 1782). More than 70% of older adults reported the following activities: watching TV (98%), reading (90%), using a computer and the internet (83%), gardening (82%), walking (75%), baking and cooking (73%), and praying (73%). Volunteering and attending community groups, which are known to benefit well-being, were unpopular (less than 8%). During the pandemic, older adults were generally satisfied with their lives, but more than half of them were concerned about their own health, family’s health, and future prospects. Our study also showed the differences in the experiences and feelings by gender and race as well as the intersection of gender and race in the United States.

scholarly journals Critical incidents in the development of (multi)ethnic-racial identity: Experiences of individuals with mixed ethnic-racial backgrounds in the U.S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653-1672
Author(s):  
Megan E. Cardwell ◽  
Jordan Soliz ◽  
Lisa J. Crockett ◽  
Gretchen L. Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
The U.S

Secure ethnic-racial identity (ERI) is tied to well-being, especially for minority individuals; however, there is still little consensus on the key processes and optimal outcomes of various multiethnic-racial (ME-R; i.e., individuals with parents from different ethnic-racial groups) identity development models. In this study, we examine the critical incidents in personal and social relationships that are central to ME-R identity development. Twenty-nine ME-R individuals provided retrospective accounts of incidents and conversations they self-perceived to be critical to their ERI development. Four major themes emerged: incidents and conversations surrounding intergroup contact, confrontation, heritage, and appearance were all recalled as critical to ME-R identity development. These findings highlight the importance of studying the ways that ERI is constituted through interaction with others. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Long-Term Consequences of Intimate Partner Abuse on Physical Health, Emotional Well-Being, and Problem Behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B. Simmons ◽  
Kelly E. Knight ◽  
Scott Menard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Abuse ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study examines the physical health, emotional well-being, and problem behavior outcomes associated with intimate partner abuse (IPA) victimization and perpetration experiences by analyzing a nationally representative, prospective, and longitudinal sample of 879 men and women collected from the National Youth Survey Family Study (NYSFS) and assessed across a period of 9 years from 1993 to 2003. Using multivariate regression techniques, it was found that both men and women experience numerous negative outcomes associated with their IPA victimization and perpetration experiences. Implications of these findings are discussed, as are the study’s limitations, and future research directions.

Beyond-the-Self Callings: The Role of a Transcendent Summons for Undergraduates and Working Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 106907272098355
Author(s):  
Dylan R. Marsh ◽  
Bryan J. Dik
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Criterion Variables ◽  
The U.S

Most scholars consider the “calling” construct to be multidimensional, yet very little research has examined the dimensions. Of the proposed dimensions, the most unique—and controversial—is a “transcendent summons” toward a particular career. In two studies, we investigated if a transcendent summons uniquely predicts individuals’ endorsement of having a calling, as well as their career-related and general well-being, beyond calling’s other dimensions. Participants were undergraduate students in the U.S. ( n = 492) and working adults drawn from a nationally representative, stratified U.S. panel study ( n = 767). Results suggested transcendent summons accounted for robust portions of unique variance in perceptions of calling for undergraduates and working adults. Results were mixed for other criterion variables, as a transcendent summons explained variance beyond calling’s other dimensions for three of the five career-related and general well-being variables for undergraduates, and two of five for working adults. Research and practice implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Economic precarity, social isolation, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Raifman ◽  
Catherine K. Ettman ◽  
Lorraine Dean ◽  
Colleen Barry ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractImportanceThe US population faces stressors associated with suicide brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the relationship between stressors and suicidal ideation may inform policies and programs to prevent suicide.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between stressors and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignWe compared suicidal ideation in 2017-2018 to suicidal ideation in 2020. We estimated the association between stressors and suicidal ideation in bivariable and multivariable Poisson regression models with robust variance.SettingUnited StatesParticipantsParticipants were from two, nationally representative surveys of US adults: The 2017-2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2020 COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being study (conducted March 31 to April 13), analyzed April 28 to September 30, 2020.ExposuresEconomic precarity as measured through job loss or difficulty paying rent and social isolation based on reporting “feeling alone.”Main outcome measureSuicidal ideation based on reporting “Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way” over the past two weeks.ResultsSuicidal ideation increased more than fourfold, from 3.4% in the 2017-2018 NHANES to 16.3% in the 2020 CLIMB survey, and from 5.8% to 26.4% among participants in low-income households. Suicidal ideation was more prevalent among people facing difficulty paying rent (31.5%), job loss (24.1%), and loneliness (25.1%), with each stressor associated with suicidal ideation in bivariable models. In the multivariable model, difficulty paying rent was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.1), while losing a job was not (aPR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.2). Feeling alone was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5 to 2.4).Conclusions and relevanceSuicidal ideation increased more than fourfold during the COVID-19 pandemic. Difficulty paying rent and loneliness were most associated with suicidal ideation. Policies and programs to support people experiencing economic precarity and loneliness may contribute to suicide prevention.

scholarly journals Managing Volunteer Retirement among Older Adults: Perspectives of Volunteer Administrators

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Allison R. Russell ◽  
Melissa A. Heinlein Storti ◽  
Femida Handy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Succession Planning ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Volunteer Management ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Older Volunteers ◽  
New Challenges

A large body of quantitative evidence demonstrates a link between volunteering and improved well-being, especially among older adults. Yet the research evidence pointing to the purported benefits of volunteering does not adequately address the unique experiences of older volunteers, nor does it address the ways in which working with them impacts the work of volunteer administrators. As the proportion of those aged 65 and older increases, older adults are poised to play an even greater role as volunteers than ever before, representing both unparalleled opportunity and potential new challenges for volunteer administrators. One such challenge includes how to manage older adults’ decisions to withdraw or retire from volunteering, which has an impact on the succession planning of the volunteer workforce. This article presents the results of a recent survey of volunteer administrators who share current policies and perspectives about volunteer retirement. These practitioner viewpoints provide important insights for both volunteer management and future research.

Digital Communication Effects on Loneliness and Life Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp K. Masur
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Communication Effects ◽  
Meta Analyses

The question of whether and how digital media use and digital communication affect people’s and particularly adolescents’ well-being has been investigated for several decades. Many studies have analyzed how different forms of digital communication influence loneliness and life satisfaction, two comparatively stable cognitive indicators of subjective well-being. Despite this large body of empirical work, the findings remain ambivalent, with studies resulting in positive, negative, or nonsignificant effects. Several meta-analyses suggest that the overall effect of digital communication on life satisfaction is probably too small to suggest a detrimental effect. The net effect of digital communication on loneliness, by contrast, is positive, but likewise small. Yet the studies on which these meta-analyses are based suffer from several limitations. They often adopt a limited perspective on the phenomenon of interest as a disproportionate amount of work focuses on interpersonal differences instead of intra-individual, contextual, and situational effects, as well as their interactions. Furthermore, studies are often based on cross-sectional data, use unvalidated and imprecise measurements, and differ greatly in how they conceptualize digital communication. The diversity in studied applications and forms of digital communication also suggests that effects are most likely bidirectional. Passive digital communication (e.g., browsing and lurking) is more likely to result in negative effects on well-being. Active and purposeful digital communication (e.g., posting, liking, conversating), by contrast, is more likely to result in positive effects. Future research should therefore investigate how the various levels of digital communication (including differences in devices, applications, features, interactions, and messages) interact in shaping individuals’ well-being. Instead of expecting long-term effects on comparatively stable cognitive indicators such as life satisfaction, scholars should rather study and identify the spatial and temporal boundaries of digital communication effects on the more fluctuating affective components of well-being.

scholarly journals Job insecurity: Review of the international literature on definitions, prevalence, antecedents and consequences

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans De Witte
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Made In

This article reviews the literature on job insecurity. After defining the concept and its components, the prevalence of job insecurity among workers is discussed. Next, various antecedents are charted, and the consequences of job insecurity for the health and well-being of individuals and for their attitudes and behaviours towards organizations are discussed. Finally, some practical suggestions are made in order to reduce the harmful effects of insecurity, and some suggestions for future research are formulated. The focus of this review article is on studies from Europe and the U.S. As such, it aims to introduce the field of job insecurity to South African researchers. Opsomming Die artikel gee ’n oorsig van die literatuur oor werksonsekerheid. Na die defineering van die konsep en die komponente, word die voorkoms van werksonsekerheid onder werknemers bespreek. Volgende word verskeie antesedente bespreek, en die gevolge van werksonsekerheid op die gesondheid en welstand van individue, hul gesindhede en hul gedrag teenoor die organisasie bespreek. Laastens word daar ’n paar praktiese voorstelle gemaak om die skadelike gevolge van onsekerheid te verminder, asook voorstelle vir toekomstige navorsing. Die fokus van hierdie oorsig artikel is op studies in Europa and die VSA gemaak, en as sulks beoog dit om die veld van werksonsekerheid aan Suid-Afrikaanse navorsers voor te stel.

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