scholarly journals Comparison of Various Methods to Determine Added Sugars Intake to Assess the Association of Added Sugars Intake and Micronutrient Adequacy

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2816
Author(s):  
Victor L. Fulgoni ◽  
P. Courtney Gaine ◽  
Maria O. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Similar Association ◽  
Method Preference

Different methods for determining the effect of added sugars intake among children and adults on meeting recommended nutrient intakes were compared using 24 h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Four methods were used to determine deciles of added sugars intake (as the percentage of total calories): 1 day intake, 2 day average intake, and individual usual intake (UI) determined with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the multivariate Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Percentages of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for calcium and vitamin D/above the Adequate Intake (AI) for potassium and dietary fiber for each decile of added sugars intake were assessed with the NCI method. Using regression analyses, added sugars intake deciles (by any method) in children were inversely associated (p < 0.001) with percentages below the EAR/above the AI of vitamin D, calcium, potassium, and fiber. In adults, added sugars intake deciles were inversely associated with meeting recommendations for vitamin D, potassium, and fiber. There were no significant between-method differences for regression coefficients for any nutrients investigated. Overall, these methods showed a similar association of added sugars intake with nutrient inadequacy/adequacy; therefore, method preference may depend more on practical reasons.

scholarly journals Micronutrient Dilution and Added Sugars Intake in U.S. Adults: Examining This Association Using NHANES 2009–2014

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor L. Fulgoni ◽  
P. Courtney Gaine ◽  
Maria O. Scott ◽  
Laurie Ricciuto ◽  
Loretta DiFrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
The Impact

There is inconsistent evidence regarding the impact of added sugars consumption on micronutrient dilution of the diet. We examined the associations between added sugars intake deciles and nutrient adequacy for 17 micronutrients in U.S. adults 19+ (n = 13,949), 19–50 (n = 7424), and 51+ y (n = 6525) using two days of 24 hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014 and regression analysis. Added sugars intake deciles ranged from <3.8 to >23.3% of calories among adults 19+ y, with a median intake of 11.0% of calories. Significant associations (p ≤ 0.01) between added sugars intake deciles and percentage of the population below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were found for magnesium, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E; only the association with magnesium remained significant after dropping the two highest and lowest deciles of intake, suggesting a threshold effect. Intakes below approximately 18% of calories from added sugars were generally not associated with micronutrient inadequacy. However, even at the lower deciles of added sugars, large percentages of the population were below the EAR for these four micronutrients, suggesting that adequate intakes are difficult to achieve regardless of added sugars intake.

scholarly journals Association of Added Sugars Intake with Micronutrient Adequacy in U.S. Children and Adolescents: NHANES 2009–2014

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor L Fulgoni ◽  
P Courtney Gaine ◽  
Maria O Scott ◽  
Laurie Ricciuto ◽  
Loretta DiFrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background A concern about the excessive consumption of added sugars is the potential for micronutrient dilution, particularly for children and adolescents; however, the evidence is inconsistent. Objective We examined the associations between added sugars intake and micronutrient adequacy in U.S. children and adolescents using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014. Methods Children and adolescents 2–18 (n = 7,754), 2–8 (n = 3,423), and 9–18 y (n = 4,331) were assigned to deciles of added sugars intake based on the average of two days of dietary recall. Usual intake of micronutrients was determined using two dietary recalls and the National Cancer Institute method. Within each age group, regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between added sugars intake decile and percentage of the population below the Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) for 17 micronutrients. Results Deciles of added sugars intake (% of calories) ranged from <6.4 to >22.8 among children and adolescents 2–18 y, with a median intake of 13.3% of calories. Significant positive associations (P < 0.01) between added sugars intake and percentage of the population (2–18 y) below the EAR were found only for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. These associations virtually disappeared after dropping the two highest and lowest deciles of intake, suggesting a threshold effect; intakes below approximately 19% of calories from added sugars were generally not associated with micronutrient inadequacy. Conclusions As added sugars intake increased, there was a threshold above which an increase in the prevalence of inadequate intakes for calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D among U.S. children and adolescents was observed. However, even at the lower deciles of added sugars, large percentages of the population were below the EAR for these nutrients, suggesting that adequate intakes of these nutrients are difficult to achieve independent of added sugars intake.

scholarly journals Cooking at Home, Fast Food, Meat Consumption, and Dietary Carbon Footprint among US Adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Julia A. Wolfson ◽  
Amelia M. Willits-Smith ◽  
Cindy W. Leung ◽  
Martin C. Heller ◽  
Donald Rose
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Eating Fast ◽  
At Home

Shifting consumer behavior towards more sustainable diets can benefit environmental sustainability and human health. Although more frequent home cooking is associated with a better diet quality and fast-food consumption with worse diet quality, the environmental impact of diets based on frequency of cooking or eating fast food is not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the frequency of cooking dinner at home or eating fast food is associated with dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). We linked 24-h dietary recall data from adult respondents in the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (N = 11,469) to a database of GHGE factors to obtain a measure of dietary GHGE (kgCO2-eq/2000 kcal) (the sum of emissions released in the production of food for an individual’s diet), adjusted by energy intake (kgCO2-eq/2000 kcal). We examined associations between frequency of cooking dinner (the only meal for which cooking frequency was measured), frequency of eating fast food, and dietary GHGE and protein sources (beef, pork, poultry, other meat, and fish and seafood (g/2000 kcal)) using generalized linearized regression models that controlled for age, sex, and other socio-economic characteristics. Greater cooking frequency was associated with higher dietary GHGE. In fully adjusted models, cooking 5–6 times/week was associated with an additional 0.058 kgCO2-eq/2000 kcal (SE 0.033) and cooking 7 times/week was associated with an additional 0.057 kgCO2-eq/2000 kcal (SE 0.027) when compared to cooking 0–2 times/week. Individuals in households who cooked dinner more frequently consumed significantly more meat, poultry, and fish (cooking 7 times/week: 148.7 g/2000 kcal vs. cooking 0–2 times/week: 135.4 g/2000 kcal, p-trend = 0.005), which could explain the association with a higher carbon footprint diet. There were few associations of note between fast-food frequency and GHGE. Policies and interventions that reduce consumption of meat and increase consumption of plants when both cooking meals at home and eating meals out are needed to shift toward diets that will be beneficial for both human health and the health of the planet.

scholarly journals Common ways Americans are incorporating fruits and vegetables into their diet: intake patterns by meal, source and form, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2535-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latetia V Moore ◽  
Heather C Hamner ◽  
Sonia A Kim ◽  
Karen Dalenius
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Diet Intake

AbstractObjectiveWe explored how Americans aged ≥2 years who consumed the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables on a given day incorporated fruits and vegetables into their diet compared with those who did not consume recommended amounts.DesignWe used 1 d of dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010 to examine cross-sectional differences in mean intakes of fruits and vegetables in cup-equivalents by meal, source and form between the two groups.SettingUSA.SubjectsNHANES 2007–2010 participants aged ≥2 years (n 17 571) with 1 d of reliable 24 h recall data.ResultsOn a given day, the proportions of fruits and vegetables consumed at different meals were similar between those who consumed recommended amounts and those who did not. Among adults, 59–64 % of their intake of fruits was consumed at breakfast or as a snack and almost 90 % came from retail outlets regardless of whether they consumed the recommended amount or not. Adults who consumed the recommended amount of fruits ate more fruits in raw form and with no additions than those who did not. Among children and adults, 52–57 % of vegetables were consumed at dinner by both groups. Retail outlets were the main source of vegetables consumed (60–68 %).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that habits of when, where and how consumers eat fruits and vegetables might not need to change but increasing the amount consumed would help those not currently meeting the recommendation.

scholarly journals Consumption of Ready-to-Eat Cereal and Its Associations With Nutrient Intake and Nutrition Adequacy in the United States, NHANES 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1115-1115
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
James Normington ◽  
Jean-Michel Michno ◽  
Nort Holschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Objectives Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) has been associated with improved intake of under-consumed nutrients. This study was conducted to examine consumption of RTEC and its association with nutrient intake and nutrition adequacy in the United States using the most recent nationally representative data. Methods Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 was used. Participants were classified as RTEC eaters or non-eaters depending on whether RETC was reported in their day-1 dietary recall. Total daily nutrient intake was compared by RTEC consumption status using ANOVA for survey data. Percentages below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for selected vitamins and minerals that are usually fortified in RTEC products were calculated using the National Cancer Institute method as estimate of usual intake. Data were analyzed in children (2–17 y, N = 2135), adults 18–64 y (N = 3675), and older adults (65 y or older, N = 1221) separately. Results Among children, 34% reported RTEC consumption. The percentage of RTEC consumers was 14% in adults 18–64y and 22% in adults 65y or older. Consumption of RTEC was associated with significantly higher intake of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D (all P &lt; 0.05), but not with intake of protein, saturated fat, and vitamin E, in all three groups examined. Children who consumed RTEC also had a significantly lower intake of sodium (2735 mg vs 2929 mg, P = 0.02) and total fat (70 g vs 76 g, P = 0.005) than non-eaters, whereas energy intake was significantly higher in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in adults 18–64y (2390 kcal vs 2171 kcal, P = 0.03) and older adults (2081 kcal vs 1921 kcal, P = 0.03). Percentages below EAR for vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, iron were lower in RTEC eaters than non-eaters in all age groups examined. Conclusions We found that consumption of RTEC was associated with higher intake of nutrients to encourage and RTEC consumers were more likely to meet nutrient recommendations compared to RTEC non-consumers. Funding Sources The study was supported by Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Association between Types of Soda Consumption and Overall Diet Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimbucha Rusmevichientong ◽  
Sinjini Mitra ◽  
Archana J. McEligot ◽  
Emma Navajas
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Diet Soda ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soda Consumption

Background and Purpose: Daily soda consumption may lead to high energy intake and poor diet quality. Although diet sodas contain no calories, they lack healthful nutrients. The study examined different types of soda consumption [regular (sugar-sweetened) sodas, diet sodas, and non-sodas] associated with overall diet quality. Methods: Cross sectional, 24-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005-2012 were utilized for the study. Majority of the participants (n = 4,427) were female (57%), adults aged 19-55 years (51%), and non-Hispanic whites (67%). Nutritional Quality Index (NQI) was calculated as an indicator of diet quality. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the significant association between types of soda consumption and NQI stratified by body mass index. Results: Regular soda drinkers had lower NQI than diet soda drinkers, but only for overweight (

Association between dietary flavonoid intake and obesity among adults in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Ah Kim ◽  
Jiyoon Kim ◽  
Shinyoung Jun ◽  
Gyung-Ah Wie ◽  
Sangah Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Dietary Flavonoid ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary flavonoid intake and the prevalence of obesity using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percent body fat (%BF) according to sex among Korean adults. Based on the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011, 23 118 adults in Korea were included. Dietary intakes were obtained using 24-h dietary recall data. A higher total intake of flavonoid was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity in women, based on %BF (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.82 [0.71–0.94]), and abdominal obesity (0.81 [0.71–0.92]). The intake of flavonols (0.88 [0.78–0.99]), flavanones (0.81 [0.72–0.92]), flavanols (0.85 [0.74–0.97]), isoflavones (0.85 [0.75–0.96]), and proanthocyanidins (0.81 [0.71–0.92]) was inversely associated with abdominal obesity, and a higher intake of flavanones (0.87 [0.76–0.99]) and proanthocyanidins (0.85 [0.75–0.98]) was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity, with respect to %BF in women. In contrast, the intake of flavonols (1.16 [1.02–1.33]), flavanones (1.18 [1.04–1.35]), and anthocyanidins (1.27 [1.11–1.46]) was positively associated with obesity based on BMI in men. In conclusion, high intake of dietary flavonoids may be associated with a decreased prevalence of abdominal obesity and obesity, based on %BF, among women. Novelty Higher flavonoid intake was associated with decreased prevalence of abdominal obesity and obesity based on %BF in Korean women. However, in men, the intake of flavonols, flavanones, and anthocyanidins was positively associated with obesity as given by BMI.

scholarly journals Estimated Sweetness in US Diet Among Children and Adults Declined From 2001 to 2018: A Serial Cross-Sectional Surveillance Study Using NHANES 2001–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Kamil ◽  
Alissa R. Wilson ◽  
Colin D. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Recall Data

An agreed-upon measure of total dietary sweetness is lacking hindering assessments of population-level patterns and trends in dietary sweetness. This cross-sectional study used 24-h dietary recall data for 74,461 participants aged ≥ 2 y from nine cycles (2001–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to evaluate trends in the sweetness of the diet in the United States (US). LCS-containing items were matched to a sugar-sweetened counterpart (e.g., diet cola–regular cola or sucralose sugar). The matched pair was used to estimate the sugar equivalents from LCS-sweetened foods or beverages to estimate dietary level sweetness, which was described as grams of approximate sugar equivalent (ASE) per day. Trends in ASE were estimated overall and by subgroup, and trends were further disaggregated by food or beverage category. Overall, LCS sources contributed about 10.5% of ASE. Total ASE declined from 152 g/d to 117 g/d from 2001–2002 to 2017–2018 (p-trend &lt; 0.001), with comparable declines in children and adults. Declines in total ASE were predominantly driven by beverages (−36.7% from 2001–2002 to 2017–2018) and tabletop sweeteners (−23.8%), but not food (−1.5%). Observed trends were robust to sensitivity analyses incorporating random, systematic, and sensory trial informed estimates of sweetness and also an analysis excluding possible under-reporters of dietary energy. This practical approach and underlying data may help researchers to apply the technique to other dietary studies to further these questions.

scholarly journals Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Anne Hermetet Agler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.

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