Nutritional Interventions in Children with Brain Injuries: A Systematic Review

Background: Brain injury has several consequences throughout life, its increased incidence has caused great public concern. The aim was identifying the main nutritional therapies recommended for children with brain injuries. Methods: A systematic review was carried out using the terms in the search strategy: “Brain Injuries”, “Nutrition Therapy”, and “Child” and their synonyms, from database inception up to August 2020. The search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane library, LILACS, and grey literature. Two reviewers independently selected the included studies, according to the eligibility criteria and extracted data from the included articles. Results: A total of 1196 studies resulted from electronic searches, and out of these, 27 studies were read in full and eight studies were included. For early enteral nutritional support (<48 h), results suggest benefit in increasing survival rates. Type of dietary protein seems to be related to decreasing gastric emptying by 40%. The use of fibers seems to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort and increase stool frequency. Conclusions: The evidence mapped was extracted from small studies analyzing different outcomes, so any decision making should be analyzed considering the context. We present the direction of the effect, but the magnitude is still unclear.

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Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of occupational violence against professionals in health services: a protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e036558

Author(s):

Caroline Vieira Cláudio Okubo ◽

Renata Cristina Campos Pereira Silveira ◽

Maria José Quina Galdino ◽

Daiane Rubinato Fernandes ◽

Aline Aparecida Oliveira Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Review ◽

Health Sector ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Occupational Violence

IntroductionOccupational violence affects several categories of workers; however, the health sector category has been considered at a high risk, exposing workers to physical and psychological abuse. Thus, occupational violence has decreased the quality of care in health service. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and reduction of occupational violence against health professionals.Methods and analysisThis protocol is consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and LIVIVO along with a comprehensive review of grey literature. The search will be conducted on August 1 st 2020, without language and time restrictions. Following the eligibility criteria, two independent reviewers will select the titles and abstracts and subsequently screen the full articles. If necessary, a third reviewer will assess any disagreements. All references will be imported into EndNote, and any duplicates will be removed. The data will be extracted using an extraction-based form from Cochrane. Statistical analyses will be performed using the software Cochrane Review Manager, and a meta-analysis will be performed if possible for the statistical combination of at least two studies. The risk of bias of the randomised clinical trials will be evaluated by the Risk of Bias tool from Cochrane, and the risk of bias of the non-randomised intervention studies will be evaluated using the Downs and Black scale. The quality of the evidence and strength of the classification recommendations will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Ethics and disseminationThis review will not evaluate individual patient information and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at conferences and the doctoral thesis of the leading author.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018111383.

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Accuracy of mRNA HPV Tests for Triage of Precursor Lesions and Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2019/6935030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Cristina L. Macedo ◽

João Carlos N. Gonçalves ◽

Daniela Vicente Bavaresco ◽

Antonio José Grande ◽

Napoleão Chiaramonte Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Eligibility Criteria

Objective. This systematic review evaluates the accuracy of the mRNA HPV biomarker in cervical smears to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or 3 and cervical cancer. Data Source. Eligible studies were identified by performing a search of electronic databases on Medline via Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Grey literature for papers published between January 1990 and June 2018. Study Eligibility Criteria. As no randomized studies were identified, this review focuses on observational studies in which the mRNA HPV diagnostic test was compared to a histopathology reference standard. We analyzed studies that included women screened for cervical cancer using mRNA HPV. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods. After screening, 61 studies including 29,674 patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Dichotomization was performed by defining CIN2 or worse (CIN2+) versus CIN1, HPV infection, and normal (CIN 1-). The analysis was discriminated by the following tests: Aptima, PreTect HPV Profeer, NucliSens EasyQ HPV, OncoTect, and Quantivirus. Results. Analyzing by technique, Aptima, with 28 studies, exhibited superior performance, showing for the outcomes CIN2+ and CIN3+ an AUC of 0.88 (0.82-0.95) and 0.91 (0.84-0.99), a pooled sensitivity of 92.8% (95%CI 91.9-93.7) and 95.6% (95%CI 94.5-96.5), and a pooled specificity of 60.5% (95%CI 59.8-61.3) and 61.9% (95%CI 61.1-62.7), respectively. Conclusion. This study supports the current hypothesis that the mRNA HPV assay is an adequate tool for secondary cervical cancer screening.

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Reporting of the methodological quality of search strategies in orthodontic quantitative systematic reviews

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjaa078 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Danah AlMubarak ◽

Nikolaos Pandis ◽

Martyn T Cobourne ◽

Jadbinder Seehra

Keyword(s):

Systematic Reviews ◽

Methodological Quality ◽

Search Strategy ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Reporting Quality ◽

Search Strategies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cochrane Reviews

Summary Background This study aimed to assess the reporting of the methodological quality of search strategies undertaken in orthodontic quantitative systematic reviews (SRs) and hence their reproducibility. Materials and methods A search of a single electronic database (Medline via PubMed) was undertaken to identify interventional orthodontic SRs with meta-analysis published within a 10-year period. The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews was also sourced. Full articles were reviewed by two assessors against the eligibility criteria. The reporting quality of each search strategy was assessed using a previously validated checklist with a score of 1 or 2 given for each of the eight items. Cumulative totals were calculated. Guided by previous research, the authors agreed the following cut-offs to categorize the overall level of quality: 8–10 (poor), 10–12 (fair), and greater than 13 (good). Results A total of 127 SRs were analysed. The overall median quality score for the reporting of the search strategy was 14 [interquartile range (IQR): 13–15]. Cochrane SRs and those originating in Europe received higher aggregate scores, whereas no difference was evident based on Prospero registration. The continent of the corresponding author predicated the overall score. Non-Cochrane reviews achieved lower overall scores compared to Cochrane reviews (−1.0, 95% confidence interval: −1.65, −0.34, P = 0.003). The most frequently searched database was EMBASE (N = 93) and the median number of authors was 5 (IQR 4–6). Authors of 26.8% of SRs searched the grey literature. Language restrictions were applied to the search strategies of 88 (69.3%) SRs. Conclusions The reporting quality of search strategies undertaken in orthodontic SRs is at a good level but differences between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews currently exist. The reporting of searching of the grey literature and application of no language restrictions can be improved.

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Bystander interventions and survival after exercise-related sudden cardiac arrest: a systematic review

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2021-104623 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bjsports-2021-104623

Author(s):

Nicholas Grubic ◽

Braeden Hill ◽

Dermot Phelan ◽

Aaron Baggish ◽

Paul Dorian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Survival Outcomes ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Bystander Cpr

ObjectiveTo evaluate the provision of bystander interventions and rates of survival after exercise-related sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library and grey literature sources were searched from inception to November/December 2020.Study eligibility criteriaObservational studies assessing a population of exercise-related SCA (out-of-hospital cardiac arrests that occurred during exercise or within 1 hour of cessation of activity), where bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and/or automated external defibrillator (AED) use were reported, and survival outcomes were ascertained.MethodsAmong all included studies, the median (IQR) proportions of bystander CPR and bystander AED use, as well as median (IQR) rate of survival to hospital discharge, were calculated.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included in this review, with a median study duration of 78.7 months and a median sample size of 91. Most exercise-related SCA patients were male (median: 92%, IQR: 86%–96%), middle-aged (median: 51, IQR: 39–56 years), and presented with a shockable arrest rhythm (median: 78%, IQR: 62%–86%). Bystander CPR was initiated in a median of 71% (IQR: 59%–87%) of arrests, whereas bystander AED use occurred in a median of 31% (IQR: 19%–42%) of arrests. Among the 19 studies that reported survival to hospital discharge, the median rate of survival was 32% (IQR: 24%–49%). Studies which evaluated the relationship between bystander interventions and survival outcomes reported that both bystander CPR and AED use were associated with survival after exercise-related SCA.ConclusionExercise-related SCA occurs predominantly in males and presents with a shockable ventricular arrhythmia in most cases, emphasising the importance of rapid access to defibrillation. Further efforts are needed to promote early recognition and a rapid bystander response to exercise-related SCA.

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Effectiveness of nutrition interventions and approaches used for Management of Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children of age 6-59 months – A Systematic Review Protocol

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37661/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Ali Samnani ◽

Mehak Azim

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Access To Treatment ◽

Under Five ◽

Manual Search ◽

Moderate Acute Malnutrition

Abstract Background:In year 2019 approximately 47.0 million children under five were wasted of which 32.3 million were moderately & remaining 14.3 million were severely wasted. Acute malnutrition has been estimated to be responsible for almost 12.6% of under five deaths globally. If remained untreated moderate Acute malnutrition (MAM) is likely to progress to Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). Both prevention and treatment of MAM are, therefore, likely to improve under-five survival globally. Therefore, this review aimed in determining the effectiveness of different approaches used for the management of MAM in Children 6-59 months of age in comparison with WHO Protocol for the management of MAM.Methods:Systematic review of Quantitative literature on Management of MAM in children 6-59 months using two electronic data bases (PubMed and Cochrane Library) and search engine (google scholars). Use of Grey literature, manual search and cross referencing were also performed. PRISMA checklist was used as a guide to this review. Total 14 studies out of XXXX were available for full text review based on eligibility criteria. Data extraction sheet was designed to extract relevant information. Overall Quality appraisal of included studies will be undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for RCTs and New castle checklist for other studies. Data Synthesis will be done using Review Manager software version 5.3.Discussion: Acute malnutrition is a continuum condition, but severe and moderate forms are treated separately This review findings would expect to explore the effective interventions and approaches undertaken for the management of MAM; in order to support and advocate for uniform, effective, simpler and sustainable approach for its management and to ensure that all MAM children should have access to treatment and hence not been neglected or awaited till the situation deteriorated to SAM. Systematic Review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42020161404

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Optimal Perioperative Nutrition Therapy for Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Systematic Review with a Component Network Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13114049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 4049

Author(s):

Shang-Yu Wang ◽

Yu-Liang Hung ◽

Chih-Chieh Hsu ◽

Chia-Hsiang Hu ◽

Ruo-Yi Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Enteral Feeding ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Feeding Tube ◽

Infectious Complications ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Perioperative Nutrition

Numerous strategies for perioperative nutrition therapy for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) have been proposed. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current relevant published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating different nutritional interventions via a traditional network meta-analysis (NMA) and component network meta-analysis (cNMA). EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify the RCTs. The evaluated nutritional interventions comprised standard postoperative enteral nutrition by feeding tube (Postop-SEN), preoperative enteral feeding (Preop-EN), postoperative immunonutrients (Postop-IM), preoperative oral immunonutrient supplement (Preop-IM), and postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The primary outcomes were general, infectious, and noninfectious complications; postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF); and delayed gastric emptying (DGE). The secondary outcomes were mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). The NMA and cNMA were conducted with a frequentist approach. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two primary outcomes, infectious complications and POPF, were positively influenced by nutritional interventions. Preop-EN plus Postop-SEN (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.02~0.72), Preop-IM (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.08~0.62), and Preop-IM plus Postop-IM (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.03~0.37) were all demonstrated to be associated with a decrease in infectious complications. Postop-TPN (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.19~0.71) and Preop-IM plus Postop-IM (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06~0.77) were clinically beneficial for the prevention of POPF. While enteral feeding and TPN may decrease infectious complications and POPF, respectively, Preop-IM plus Postop-IM may provide the best clinical benefit for patients undergoing PD, as this approach decreases the incidence of both the aforementioned adverse effects.

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Biomarkers predictive of treatment response in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease ◽

10.1177/1759720x211014010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 1759720X2110140

Author(s):

Conor Magee ◽

Hannah Jethwa ◽

Oliver M. FitzGerald ◽

Deepak R. Jadon

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Original Research ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Psoriatic Disease ◽

Subsequent Response

Aims: The ability to predict response to treatment remains a key unmet need in psoriatic disease. We conducted a systematic review of studies relating to biomarkers associated with response to treatment in either psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library from their inception to 2 September 2020, and conference proceedings from four major rheumatology conferences. Original research articles studying pre-treatment biomarker levels associated with subsequent response to pharmacologic treatment in either PsV or PsA were included. Results: A total of 765 articles were retrieved and after review, 44 articles (22 relating to PsV and 22 to PsA) met the systematic review’s eligibility criteria. One study examined the response to methotrexate, one the response to tofacitinib and all the other studies to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Whilst several studies examined the HLA-C*06 allele in PsV, the results were conflicting. Interleukin (IL)-12 serum levels and polymorphisms in the IL-12B gene show promise as biomarkers of treatment response in PsV. Most, but not all, studies found that higher baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with a better clinical response to treatment in patients with PsA. Conclusion: Several studies have identified biomarkers associated with subsequent response to treatment in psoriatic disease. However, due to the different types of biomarkers, treatments and outcome measures used, firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Further validation is needed before any of these biomarkers translate to clinical practice.

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Hypnotherapy for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A scoping Review Protocol

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnab038 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daly Geagea ◽

Zephanie Tyack ◽

Roy Kimble ◽

Lars Eriksson ◽

Vince Polito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Procedural Pain ◽

Future Research ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Review Protocol ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective Inadequately treated pain and distress elicited by medical procedures can put children at higher risks of acute and chronic biopsychosocial sequelae. Children can benefit from hypnotherapy, a psychological tailored intervention, as an adjunct to pharmacological agents to address the multiple components of pain and distress. Despite providing evidence on the effectiveness and potential superiority of hypnotherapy to other psychological interventions, research on hypnotherapy for paediatric procedural pain and distress has been predominantly limited to oncology and needle procedures. Plus, there is a lack of reporting of intervention manuals, factors influencing hypnotic responding, pain unpleasantness outcomes, theoretical frameworks, adverse events, as well as barriers and facilitators to the feasibility of delivering the intervention and study procedures. The proposed review aims to map the range and nature of the evidence on hypnotherapy for procedural pain and distress in children to identify gaps in literature and areas requiring further investigation. Methods This review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and incorporate additional scoping review recommendations by The Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Relevant studies will be identified through searching published literature databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature in addition to hand-searching of reference lists and key journals. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts of search results followed by full-texts review against eligibility criteria. Conclusion Findings are anticipated to guide future research and inform the development of tailored hypnotic interventions in children.

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Mapping evidence on the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the hard and soft tissues of the craniofacial complex in transgender people: a protocol for a scoping review

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01668-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. F. Van den Bosch ◽

C. M. Wiepjes ◽

M. Den Heijer ◽

L. J. Schoonmade ◽

R. E. G. Jonkman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Sex Characteristics ◽

Transgender People ◽

Link Type ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Craniofacial Complex

Abstract Background Gender-affirming hormone (GAH) therapy aims to support the transition of transgender people to their gender identity. GAHs can induce changes in their secondary sex characteristics such as the development of breasts in transgender females and increased muscle mass in transgender males. The face and its surrounding tissues also have an important role in gender confirmation. The aim of this scoping review is to systematically map the available evidence in order to provide an overview of the effects of GAH therapy on the hard and soft tissues of the craniofacial complex in transgender people. Methods/design The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews was consulted for reporting this protocol. The methods were based on the Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Reviewer’s Manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting scoping reviews. Ten transgender people were involved in the development of the primary research question through short interviews. The eligibility criteria were defined for transgender people undergoing GAH therapy and for quantitative and qualitative outcomes on the hard and soft tissues of the craniofacial complex. Eligible sources of evidence include observational, experimental, qualitative, and mixed method studies. No exclusion criteria will be applied for the language of publication and the setting. To identify eligible sources of evidence, we will conduct searches from inception onwards in PubMed, Embase.com, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, CINAHL, LIVIVO, and various grey literature sources such as Google Scholar. Two reviewers will independently select eligible studies in these information sources and will subsequently conduct data extraction. The same operators will chart, categorize, and summarize the extracted data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Frequency counts of quantitative and qualitative data on items such as concepts, populations, interventions, and other characteristics of the eligible sources will be given. Where possible, these items will be mapped descriptively. Discussion We chose the scoping review over the systematic review approach, because the research questions are broad-spectrum and the literature is expected to be widely scattered. No systematic review has previously assessed this topic. Identifying knowledge gaps in this area and summarizing and disseminating research findings are important for a wide spectrum of stakeholders, in particular, for transgender people who want to undergo additional interventions such as plastic or orthognathic surgery or orthodontics. Systematic review registration This protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/e3qj6

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Factors associated with human visceral leishmaniasis cases during urban epidemics in Brazil: a systematic review

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182021000019 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Cleya da Silva Santana Cruz ◽

David Soeiro Barbosa ◽

Vinícius Cunha Oliveira ◽

Diogo Tavares Cardoso ◽

Nathália Sernizon Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Individual Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The North ◽

Unified Health System

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in 70 countries and has been reported in 12 countries of Latin America, with over 90% of the cases reported in Brazil, where epidemics have occurred since 1980. The objective of this review is to describe the factors associated with the occurrence of VL epidemics in humans in urban areas. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. The databases PubMed (by Medline), Cochrane Library, Embase, Amed, LILACS and grey literature [Google Scholar and handsearch of the database of the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) of Brazil's Unified Health System] were used. The protocol was registered under PROSPERO (CRD42019128998). Climatic, environmental factors and indicators of urban social structure were described as influencing the outbreaks in the North and Northeast regions. Gender and age characteristics were related to a greater chance of developing VL in the Central-West, Northeast and Southeast regions. Vector indicators showed a positive correlation with the incidence of VL in studies in the Northeast region. In the Southeast and Northeast regions, studies revealed the presence of dogs with positive correlation with VL. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the contribution to the increase in the risk factors described in ecological approaches, as no analysis was performed at the individual level, and it is still necessary to discuss the influence of other associated elements in epidemic episodes in the spread of VL.

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