scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Sodium and Potassium Arachidonic Acid Salts in the Young Pig

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Kaylee Hahn ◽  
Joseph R. Hardimon ◽  
Doug Caskey ◽  
Douglas A. Jost ◽  
Patrick J. Roady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Liver Histology ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Retinal Tissue ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Salt Forms ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) naturally present in breast milk and added to most North American infant formulas (IF). We investigated the safety and efficacy of novel sodium and potassium salts of arachidonic acid as bioequivalent to support tissue levels of ARA comparable to the parent oil; M. alpina oil (Na-ARA and K-ARA) and including a Na-DHA group. Pigs of both sexes were randomized to one of five dietary treatments (n = 16 per treatment; 8 male and 8 female) from postnatal day 2 to 23. ARA and DHA were included as either triglyceride (TG) or salt. Target dietary ARA/DHA concentrations as percent of total FA by weight were as follows: TT (0.47 TG/0.32 TG), NaT (0.47 Na-salt/0.32 TG), KT (0.47 K-salt/0.32 TG), and Na0 (0.47 Na-salt/0.00), NaNa (0.47 Na-salt/0.32 Na-salt). The primary outcome in this study was bioequivalence of ARA brain accretion. Growth performance; blood and tissue fatty acid levels; liver histology; complete blood cell counts; and serum chemistries were all evaluated. Overall, diets containing test sources of ARA and DHA did not affect growth performance; liver histology; or substantially influence hematological outcomes as compared with TT. The results confirm that the use of Na and K salt forms of ARA yield bioequivalent ARA accretion in the cerebral cortex and retinal tissue compared to TG-ARA. These findings confirm that use of Na-ARA and K-ARA salts in the young pig was safe and nutritionally bioequivalent to TG-ARA for critical neural tissues.

scholarly journals Sodium butyrate enhances growth performance and intestinal development in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ruixia Lan ◽  
Siqi Li ◽  
QingQing Chang ◽  
Lilong An ◽  
Zhihui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth performance and development of digestive and immune organs in broilers. Dietary treatments had similar compositions but with 0%, 0.03%, 0.06%, and 0.12% SB substituted (weight/weight) for identical amounts of the basal diet. SB supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain for each period, except for days 15–21. SB supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) the relative weight of proventriculus (day 7), gizzard (days 7 and 14), duodenum (days 21 and 28), jejunum (day 21), ileum (day 21), small intestine (day 21), rectum (day 14), pancreas (days 7 and 21), liver (days 21 and 28), and thymus (days 7, 14, and 21). SB supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) the relative length of duodenum (day 21), jejunum (days 14 and 21), ileum (days 14 and 21) and small intestine (days 14 and 21), caeca (day 21) and rectum (day 21), as well as it improved intestinal structure by increasing the villus height in jejunum and ileum, and increasing goblet cell counts in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Collectively, dietary SB supplementation improved the growth performance of broilers by improving the development and morphological structure of the broilers’ intestinal organs.

scholarly journals PSV-11 Effects of plasma protein on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
Gabriela E Martinez Padilla ◽  
Ysenia Victoria Silva-Guillen ◽  
Kory Moran ◽  
Xi Lin ◽  
Jack Odle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using plasma protein (PP) as a highly digestible, functional protein source in nursery pig diets on growth performance and intestinal health. Pigs (n = 64; 6.53 ± 0.12 kg BW) weaned at 21 d of age were blocked by litter and BW and randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a 35-d study. Four pigs were housed per pen, using a total of 16 pens (8 replicate pens per treatment). Treatments were: 1) control diet (without growth-promoting minerals or antibiotics) without PP, and 2) control diet with 4% of PP replacing SBM on a 1:1 basis. Diets were fed in 3 feeding phases (7, 14, and 14 days, respectively) and PP was included in all phases. Supplementation of PP tended (P = 0.07) to increase ADG (204 vs. 150 g/d) and improved (P = 0.02) gain:feed (812 vs 572 g/kg) during wk 2 only. Individual diarrhea scores (scale from 0=very hard to 6=watery diarrhea) determined using fecal loops changed over time (P < 0.001; 2.1, 2.4, 4.1 and 3.5 for d 1, 3, 7, and 14 respectively), but were not affected by PP. No differences were detected for intestinal morphology measured on d 35 in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Cell proliferation using Ki-67 staining was increased by PP (86.6 vs. 72.2 positive cells) only in the ileum (P = 0.03). No differences in mucosal concentrations of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the duodenum, jejunum or ileum were detected. Number of eosinophils in blood decreased (14.1 vs. 34.8 cells/µL; P = 0.004), while red blood cell counts (5.9 vs 6.2 x 106 cells/µL; P = 0.09) and neutrophil counts (529 vs. 695 cells/µL; P = 0.07) tended to decrease with PP. Results suggest that PP was not effective in improving overall growth performance and had minimal effects on intestinal health of weanling pigs.

Intestinal digestibility of selected minerals, growth performance and meat quality in turkeys fed diets supplemented with different sources and levels of zinc

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Otowski ◽  
Aleksandra Drażbo ◽  
Katarzyna Ognik ◽  
Krzysztof Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Zn Addition ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with zinc oxide nanoparticales (NP-ZnO) as a substitute for the conventional ZnO affects the intestinal digestibility of selected minerals, growth performance and meat quality in turkeys. The replacement of ZnO with NP-ZnO had no effect on the intestinal digestibility of Zn, Cu, Fe and Ca, whereas the lowest dose of supplemental Zn reduced Zn digestibility. The applied inclusion levels and sources of Zn had no effect on the growth performance (except the feed intake) of turkeys, including liveability. No differences in the relative weights of the heart, spleen and bursa of Fabricius (except the liver), or the weights of the femur and tibia were found between the dietary treatments. Neither the dose nor the source of supplemental Zn influenced carcass dressing percentage or the share of breast, thigh and drumstick muscles in the carcass. In comparison with the highest and moderate doses of Zn, the lowest inclusion level of Zn contributed to increased yellowness of breast meat (P=0.005). The analyzed doses and sources of supplemental Zn exerted varied effects on the redox status of fresh and frozen breast meat. In conclusion, the growth performance of turkeys, carcass yield and composition as well as the redox status of fresh and frozen breast meat were generally similar, regardless of the dietary source and level of Zn. The beneficial effect of Zn addition at 100 mg/kg was improved Zn and Ca digestibility, and increased redness of breast meat.

scholarly journals Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D. Tokach ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Joel M. DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

PSIV-11 Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Growth Performance Traits of Finishing Swine

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Xue ◽  
Don W Giesting ◽  
Mark D Newcomb ◽  
Chad M Pilcher ◽  
Matthew J Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Commercial Research

Abstract This study was conducted at a commercial research facility and utilized 1,092 finishing pigs (PIC® 337 × Camborough®) in a RCBD with 3 dietary treatments to determine the effects of commercially available phytogenic feed additives on growth performance traits in finishing swine for the last 35 d prior to marketing. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Control; 2) Aromex Pro® (AP; Delacon) fed at 0.01%; and 3) Ambitine® (AM; PMI) fed at 0.1%. Pens with 13 pigs/pen and 0.66 m2/pig were randomly allotted to treatments on the basis of live weight and gender. Pigs had ad libitum access to corn-soy diets that met or exceeded the pig’s requirements (NRC, 2012). Aromex Pro® and Ambitine® were added to the diets at the expense of corn. Dietary treatments started on day 0 (BW = 97.7 kg; SEM = 1.04) and were fed throughout the 35 d trial period. On d 21, the two heaviest pigs per pen were marketed, while the remaining pigs in each pen were marketed on d 35. Pigs and feeders were weighed on d 0, 21, and 35. Data were analyzed by using PROC MIXED of SAS® version 9.4, and pen was the experimental unit. The model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of replicate. Pre-planned orthogonal contrasts were used to compare AP vs. Control and AM vs. Control. Feeding AP or AM for the last 35 d in finishing both improved (P &lt; 0.05) ADG by 4%, ADFI by 3% and final BW by 1.6 kg over Control, but did not change feed to gain or mortality. These data demonstrate that phytogenic feed additives can improve growth performance traits in finishing swine.

scholarly journals 77 The effect of naturally occurring levels of multiple mycotoxins on growth performance and carcass parameters of grow-finish pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Leigh Ruckman ◽  
Stacie Gould ◽  
John Patience
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Mycotoxins may not be an issue every year, but the proper environmental conditions can cause a spike in contaminated grains and cause severe economic impact on pork producers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of naturally occurring infections of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins (DZF) on growth performance and carcass parameters in grow/finish pigs. One hundred pigs (BW 34.0 ± 0.9 kg; L337 × Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 10 split-sex pens/treatment. The control diet (CTL) contained low levels of DZF and the CTL+DFZ diet contained high levels of DZF. Diets were fed in 4 phases over the 126-d experiment period. The CTL diet contained 1.6, 1.6, 1.8 and 1.2 mg deoxynivalenol/kg and CTL+DZF contained 9.2, 6.9, 5.8 and 3.8 mg deoxynivalenol/kg in the 4 diet phases, respectively. The CTL contained 0.30, 0.32, 0.51 and 0.32 mg zearalenone/kg and 0.7, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg; CTL+DFZ contained 0.59, 0.72, 0.86 and 0.57 mg zearalenone/kg and 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg for phases one through four, respectively. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (9.4) with treatment, sex, and their interaction as fixed effects. Compared to CTL, feeding CTL+DFZ decreased final BW (130.3 vs 120.5 kg; P&lt; 0.001), ADG (0.95 vs 0.79 kg/d; P&lt; 0.001), ADFI (2.73 vs 2.49 kg/d; P=0.016), and G:F (0.35 vs 0.32; P=0.043). Feeding CTL+DFZ decreased HCW (92.3 vs 89.4 kg; P=0.024) and increased dressing percentage (70.9 vs 74.3%; P=0.009) and tended to reduce loin depth (7.0 vs 6.8 cm; P=0.057) compared to CTL. Diet did not affect backfat depth or lean percentage (P &gt;0.10). In conclusion, diets naturally contaminated with multiple mycotoxins reduced growth performance and adversely affected carcass parameters; pigs did not adapt over time to the mycotoxins.

241 Evaluation of a DFM and OA, Alone or in Combination, on Sow Reproductive and Litter Growth Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Karissa N Rulon ◽  
Matthew D Asmus ◽  
Daniel B Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Forty-seven sows and their progeny were used to determine if feeding gestating and lactating sows a Bacillus licheniformis direct-fed microbial (DFM), an organic acid blend of medium chain and short chain fatty acids (OA), or in combination improves sow lactation feed and water intake, litter growth, and subsequent reproductive performance. On approximately d80 of gestation, sows were fed one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial design: 1) gestation control (CON; 0.55% SID Lysine), 2) CON with DFM (1.6x109 CFU/kg of complete feed), 3) CON with 0.4% OA, 4) CON with both DFM and OA. Dietary treatments were also fed throughout lactation (1.00% SID Lysine) starting on approximately d112 of gestation when sows entered farrowing facility. There was a tendency (P = 0.079) for DFM to decrease the amount of sow body weight loss in lactation by approximately 6% compared to sows not consuming the DFM, likely related to DFM sows numerically (P = 0.124) consuming 8.4% more feed during d7-14 of lactation. Sows fed the OA diets had fewer mummies/litter (P = 0.038) compared to diets not containing OA. Sows fed diets with the DFM gave birth to lighter pigs born alive (P = 0.003) compared to non-DFM fed sows, and a tendency for an interaction (P = 0.092) existed where feeding OA+DFM lessened the decrease in born alive BW. There was an interaction tendency (P = 0.133) where sows fed DFM returned to estrus 22 hours sooner than CON, but only 8 hours sooner when sows were fed the OA+DFM diet. In conclusion, feeding a Bacillus licheniformis DFM to sows may decrease pig born alive weight but reduce sow BW loss through 6.4% more lactation feed intake, quickening the return to estrus. Feeding the OA alone or in combination did not improve sow reproductive and litter growth performance in this study, and may require a larger sample size.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Dietary protease supplementation on growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
David A Clizer ◽  
Christian Ramirez-Camba ◽  
Ryan S Samuel ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effect of dietary protease supplementation on pig’s growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea in a 43-d trial. A total of 936 weaned pigs [21 d of age, initial BW 5.87 ± 0.31 kg] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 nutritional levels × 2 protease levels). The nutritional levels corresponded to a standard feeding program and a reduced feeding program (15% lower SID Lys) and without or with protease supplementation (0.0125% inclusion). Piglets were distributed in 36 pens with 26 pigs per pen and 9 replicates per dietary treatment. Pigs received a common Phase 1 diet and experimental diets in Phase 2, 3, and 4, (0.91, 3.4, 4.5, and 24.0 kg/pig, respectively). Phytase was included at 2,500 U in Phase 2 – 4, all diets met energy and AA:Lys requirements for nursery pigs. Feed intake and body weight were determined every 2 weeks. A pen fecal score assessment was performed at d7, 10, and 14. Performance data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure and fecal score data using the PROC FREQ procedure (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). No significant interactions (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between dietary treatments. From d15 to 43 and during overall experimental period, pigs fed standard diets had greater BW, ADG, and G:F (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed deficient diets (Table 1). On d7, pigs fed deficient diet had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) soft and watery feces, and consequently less normal feces compared to pigs fed standard diets (Figure 1). On d7, 10, and 14, pigs fed diets with protease supplementation had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) normal feces compared to control pigs. Overall, effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance were not expressive under the conditions of this study but protease addition benefited intestinal health of nursery pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Lysine Cell Mass Supplementation as a Substitute for L-Lysine·HCl on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, and Blood Profiles in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Hee-Seong Kim ◽  
Sungho Do ◽  
Hong-Jun Kim ◽  
Sung-Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Blood Profiles

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lysine cell mass (LCM) as an alternative lysine source in diets for weaning pigs on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and blood profiles. In experiment 1, a total of 200 weaning pigs, with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 1.04 kg, were allotted into one of five treatments with four replicates of 10 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The dietary treatments were composed of LCM supplementation (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0%) with partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl (0 to 0.8% for phase 1 diets and 0 to 0.07% for phase 2 diets). The BW and feed intake were recorded at the end of each phase (d 0 to 14 for phase 1, d 14 to 35 for phase 2), and diarrhea incidence was checked daily throughout the experimental period. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of pigs at 2 weeks and 5 weeks to determine the blood profiles of weaning pigs. In experiment 2, a total of 144 weaning pigs with an average BW of 6.44 ± 1.19 kg were allotted into one of six treatments with six replicates of four pigs per pen in RCBD. The dietary treatments were composed of LCM supplementation (0 to 3.5% for phase 1 diets and 0 to 2.2% for phase 2 diets) with replacement of L-lysine·HCl from 0 to 100%. In experiment 1, partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl with 0 to 1% LCM did not affect growth performance and diarrhea incidence of pigs. An increase in the LCM supplementation from 0 to 1% with partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl had no influence on the blood urea nitrogen concentrations, whereas it resulted in a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in the serum IgG concentrations for 5 weeks. In experiment 2, increasing the dietary level of LCM with replacement of L-lysine·HCl quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) ADG and G–F ratio for phase 2 and G–F ratio for the overall period such that 100% replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM decreased ADG and G–F ratio of weaning pigs. An increase in the LCM supplementation with replacement of L-lysine·HCl tended to decrease linearly (p < 0.10) the diarrhea incidence of weaning pigs for the overall period and linearly decrease (p < 0.05) the serum IgG concentrations for 2 weeks. In conclusion, partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM from 0 to 1% had no negative impacts on the growth performance, but 100% replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM decreased the growth performance of weaning pigs. Therefore, LCM could be included in the diets for weaning pigs up to 2.8% and 1.76% for phase 1 and phase 2, respectively, as a substitute for L-lysine·HCl without detrimental effects on the performance of weaning pigs.

268 In-feed Antibiotics Elicit Intestinal Integrity Modifications Early in Post-weaning Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
Jessica M Johnson ◽  
Emma T Helm ◽  
Nicholas K Gabler ◽  
Eric R Burrough ◽  
Carson M De Mille
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The physiological mechanisms by which in-feed antibiotics improve pig growth performance are largely unknown. One proposed mode of action is improvements in intestinal integrity and function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that in-feed therapeutic and sub-therapeutic antibiotics would improve intestinal integrity and function in nursery pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs (6.1±1.1 kg BW) were randomly allotted to individual pens and assigned one of three dietary treatments as follows (n = 8 pigs/trt): 1) control, no antibiotics (CON), 2) CON + sub-therapeutic chlortetracycline [40 ppm in feed (sCTC)], and 3) CON + chlortetracycline-tiamulin [400 ppm + 35 ppm, respectively (CTCDen)]. The study consisted of two consecutive 14 d phases. Chlortetracycline-tiamulin was only fed in phase 1, sCTC was fed in both phases. Phase 1 and 2 ADG, ADFI, and G:F were determined. After 28 d, ileal and colonic ex vivo intestinal integrity was assessed via transepithelial resistance (TER) and macromolecule flux (FD4) in modified Ussing chambers. All data were analyzed for the fixed effects of treatment and start BW as a covariate. In phase 1, compared with CON and sCTC, CTCDen tended to have greater ADG (0.28, 0.31, and 0.33 kg/d, respectively, P = 0.10) and ADFI (0.28, 0.30, and 0.35 kg/d, respectively, P = 0.09). No differences in phase 1 G:F were observed (P = 0.11). Phase 2 ADG, ADFI, and G:F did not differ (P &gt; 0.10). Further, ileal TER and FD4 did not differ (P &gt; 0.10). Colonic TER tended to be increased in sCTC compared with CON and CTCDen (78, 56, and 59 Ω/cm2, respectively, P = 0.07). Compared with CON, colonic FD4 flux was decreased in sCTC and CTCDen by 35–40% (P = 0.03). Altogether, these data indicate that in-feed antibiotics improve colon integrity early in production which may contribute to improved growth performance.

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