scholarly journals Margin of Exposure Analyses and Overall Toxic Effects of Alcohol with Special Consideration of Carcinogenicity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3785
Author(s):  
Alex Okaru ◽  
Dirk Lachenmeier
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Margin Of Exposure ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Harmful Effects

Quantitative assessments of the health risk of the constituents of alcoholic beverages including ethanol are reported in the literature, generally with hepatotoxic effects considered as the endpoint. Risk assessment studies on minor compounds such as mycotoxins, metals, and other contaminants are also available on carcinogenicity as the endpoint. This review seeks to highlight population cancer risks due to alcohol consumption using the margin of exposure methodology. The individual and cumulative health risk contribution of each component in alcoholic beverages is highlighted. Overall, the results obtained consistently show that the ethanol contributes the bulk of harmful effects of alcoholic beverages, while all other compounds only contribute in a minor fashion (less than 1% compared to ethanol). Our data provide compelling evidence that policy should be focused on reducing total alcohol intake (recorded and unrecorded), while measures on other compounds should be only secondary to this goal.

scholarly journals Serum urate and its relationship with alcoholic beverage intake in men and women: findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1965-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo L Gaffo ◽  
Jeffrey M Roseman ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Alcohol

ObjectiveTo investigate if beer, liquor (spirits), wine and total alcohol intakes have different associations with serum urate (SU) concentrations at different ages in a cohort of young men and women.MethodsData from 3123 participants at baseline and follow-up at 20 years were used, with balanced proportions of Caucasians and African Americans. The relationships of SU with categories of beer, liquor, wine and total alcohol intake referent to no intake were examined in sex-specific, cross-sectional analyses.ResultsMean age (SD) at the beginning of follow-up was 25.1 (3.6) years. Compared with non-drinkers, significant associations between higher SU concentrations and greater beer intake were observed among men and women, with more pronounced and consistent associations for women. An association between greater liquor intake and higher SU concentrations was only seen for men at the year 20 evaluation. Wine intake was not associated with SU in either sex and total alcohol was associated with higher SU concentrations in both men and women. The magnitude of the associations between alcoholic beverages intake and SU was modest (≤0.03 mg/dl/alcoholic beverage serving).ConclusionAn association between higher SU concentrations and greater beer intake was consistent and pronounced among women, but also present in men. Despite the small magnitude of the increases in SU associated with alcohol intake, clinical implications in conditions such as cardiovascular disease and gout in young adults who are moderate and heavy drinkers cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals Patterns of alcohol consumption in 10 European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) project

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6b) ◽  
pp. 1287-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sieri ◽  
A Agudo ◽  
E Kesse ◽  
K Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
B San-José ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Abstractbjective:The aim of this study was to compare the quantities of alcohol and types of alcoholic beverages consumed, and the timing of consumption, in centres participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). These centres, in 10 European countries, are characterised by widely differing drinking habits and frequencies of alcohol-related diseases.Methods:We collected a single standardised 24-hour dietary recall per subject from a random sample of the EPIC cohort (36 900 persons initially and 35 955 after exclusion of subjects under 35 and over 74 years of age). This provided detailed information on the distribution of alcohol consumption during the day in relation to main meals, and was used to determine weekly consumption patterns. The crude and adjusted (by age, day of week and season) means of total ethanol consumption and consumption according to type of beverage were stratified by centre and sex.Results:Sex was a strong determinant of drinking patterns in all 10 countries. The highest total alcohol consumption was observed in the Spanish centres (San Sebastian, 41.4 g day−1) for men and in Danish centres (Copenhagen, 20.9 g day−1) for women. The lowest total alcohol intake was in the Swedish centres (Umeå, 10.2 g day−1) in men and in Greek women (3.4 g day−1). Among men, the main contributor to total alcohol intake was wine in Mediterranean countries and beer in the Dutch, German, Swedish and Danish centres. In most centres, the main source of alcohol for women was wine except for Murcia (Spain), where it was beer. Alcohol consumption, particularly by women, increased markedly during the weekend in nearly all centres. The German, Dutch, UK (general population) and Danish centres were characterised by the highest percentages of alcohol consumption outside mealtimes.Conclusions:The large variation in drinking patterns among the EPIC centres provides an opportunity to better understand the relationship between alcohol and alcohol-related diseases.

Risk assessment of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages in Korea using the margin of exposure approach and cancer risk assessment

Food Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 107867
Author(s):  
Sunghyeon Jung ◽  
Seungmin Kim ◽  
Inhwan Kim ◽  
Myung-Sub Chung ◽  
BoKyung Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Margin Of Exposure

The Effect of Pursed - Lip Breathing Exercise Vs Diaphragmatic Breathing in Stabilizing the Vitals after 6-MWT among Overweight Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
Dr. Jaya Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Harmful Effects

When you exercise and your muscles work harder, your body uses more oxygen and produces more carbon dioxide. To cope with this extra demand, your breathing has to increase from about 15 times a minute (12 litres of air) when you are resting, up to about 40–60 times a minute (100 litres of air) during exercise. Your circulation also speeds up to take the oxygen to the muscles so that they can keep moving. Any kind of exertion causes some change in vitals. Some amount of fluctuation in vitals after any kind of exertion occurs in every individual and is considered to be normal. But if there is extreme fluctuation in vitals even after mild or moderate form of exertion, it indicates some kind of abnormality or an increased stress on cardiovascular or respiratory system and needs attention.In any case if the vitals fluctuate during any kind of exertion it needs to be stabilized so that its harmful effects can be avoided. For these breathing exercises have been proven to be very beneficial. There are several types of breathing exercises such as deep breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, etc. The need for the study is to compare the effectiveness of Pursed-Lip Breathing & Diaphragmatic Breathing exercise instabilizing the vitals after 6 MWT in young individuals. The objective of this study is to measure the exertion level of the individual, to assess the effect of pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing exercises on vitals after exertion and also the comparison of both techniques. In the present study we took 60 subjects from saaii college, Kanpur. Method of data collection is random and study design is comparative study with study duration of 4 weeks. Subjects were divided into two equal groups. The paired samples t-test shows significant changes observed i.e., null hypothesis is rejected and alternate hypothesis is accepted and we observed that significant improvement along with effectiveness of pursed lip breathing on stabilizing vitals in overweight individuals.

scholarly journals Tobacco Health Risk Awareness among Socially Disadvantaged People—A Crucial Tool for Smoking Cessation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Milcarz ◽  
Kinga Polanska ◽  
Leokadia Bak-Romaniszyn ◽  
Dorota Kaleta
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Disadvantaged People

The goal of this cross-sectional survey was to assess the level of knowledge on harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and active smoking among socially-disadvantaged people in Poland. The study was conducted among 1817 respondents aged 18–59 years, who used aid services from local social care institutions in Piotrkowski district. Majority of the participants were aware of the fact that smoking may cause serious diseases and lung cancer (92%). However, those percentages were lower for awareness of ETS and health risk (69.4%) and for awareness of smoking/ETS-associated risk of stroke and heart attack (57%, 68%). The male respondents and smokers had much higher odds of lacking knowledge that smoking causes serious diseases and lung cancer compared to the females (OR = 1.47 and OR = 1.86; p < 0.05) and non-smokers (OR = 2.35 and OR = 2.31; p < 0.001). In addition, those with temporary jobs and the unemployed had a higher risk of lack of knowledge on smoking and lung cancer risk (OR = 2.14 and OR = 1.66; p < 0.05) as well as ETS and the risk of stroke (OR = 1.52 and OR = 1.51; p < 0.05) as compared to those with permanent jobs. The smokers who were aware of four health consequences of smoking indicated an intention to quit smoking within the next month more frequently when compared to those who did not have the knowledge on all of the analyzed harmful effects of tobacco use (19.7% vs. 13.1%; p < 0.05). There is a need to improve knowledge on the dangers associated with active and passive smoking among socially disadvantaged populations.

scholarly journals Female aging

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Esposito Sorpreso ◽  
José Maria Soares Júnior ◽  
Angela Maggio da Fonseca ◽  
Edmund Chada Baracat
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
More Care ◽  
Female Aging ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Harmful Effects

SUMMARY Female aging is a process that involves hypoestrogenism time, the individual impact on each woman, and what we can do as experts to reduce morbidity and provide quality of life. This natural process in the female life cycle has been of concern to women after menopause. Changes in different biophysical and psychosocial aspects, and their individual experiences, have repercussions on the lives of patients seeking specialized and multidisciplinary support to reduce the harmful effects of prolonged hypoestrogenism. Overweight and obesity, inadequate living habits and the presence of multi-morbidities cause damage to the quality of life and impact the functional capacity. Behavioral prescription and hormone therapy are among the treatments given to ease symptoms and reduce morbidity. A better understanding of these factors can help identify groups that require more care after menopause.

scholarly journals Associations between Modifiable Health-Risk Behaviors and Personality Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Schommer ◽  
Paul D. Tieger ◽  
Anthony W. Olson ◽  
Lawrence M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objectives: The first objective for this study was to explore if characteristics of personality type (using the Preferred Communication Style Questionnaire) are associated with the following modifiable health-risk behaviors: smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, nutrition, sleep, depression-related stress, anxiety-related stress, healthcare professional usage, and self-discipline. The second objective for this study was to explore if characteristics of personality type are associated with (1) the quality of patient-physician relationships, (2) patient-physician communication, and (3) preferred method for receiving information. Methods: Data were collected from 10,500 adult individuals residing in the United States via an on-line, self-administered survey coordinated by Qualtrics Panels from March 14-30, 2016. Chi-square analysis was used for making comparisons between categories of personality types and items related to health-risk behaviors. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. However, chi-square analysis with large sample sizes (e.g. 10,500 in this study) readily yields statistical significance. Practical significance was set at four or more percentage points above or below the overall mean. Results: Regarding objective 1, personality type was associated with all nine health-risk behaviors studied. Personality types within the Experiencer temperament (17% of the U.S. population) accounted for 46% of the undesirable scores we computed for health-risk behaviors. The Idealist temperament (17% of population) accounted for 32% of the undesirable scores. Conceptualizers (10% of population) accounted for 17% of the undesirable scores and Traditionalists (46% of population) accounted for 5% of the undesirable scores. Regarding objective 2, the findings showed that personality type was associated with (1) the importance people place on the patient-physician relationship, (2) which characteristics of that relationship are most desirable, (3) desire for more communication with their physician, and (4) the preferred method for receiving information. Discussion and Conclusions: Precision medicine has been proposed as a way to create a new taxonomy of disease that uses individual specific data to develop accurate diagnosis, targeted treatment, and improved health outcomes. Based on the findings of this study, we propose that inclusion of personality type is an important component of these efforts so that the health care system can conform more to the individual patient in order to increase engagement and adherence, reduce errors, minimize ineffective treatment and waste, and can be cost effective. Conflict of Interest Co-author, Paul Tieger is CEO of SpeedReading People, LLC which holds copyright for the Individual Wellness Plan and Adherence Predictive Index tools that are mentioned in this manuscript.   Type: Original Research

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PRACTICE AND CLUSTERING OF HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS IN ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pereira da Silva ◽  
Ana Beatriz Pacífico ◽  
Thiago Silva Piola ◽  
Edmar Roberto Fantinelli ◽  
Edina Maria de Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
High Participation

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between participation in physical activity (PA) and the clustering of health risk behaviors (HRB) in adolescents of both genders. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 862 adolescents (11 to 17 years old) enrolled in 14 randomly selected public schools from Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Participation in PA, screen time, consumption of fruit, vegetables, cigarettes and alcoholic beverages were the criteria evaluated. Multinomial logistic regression tested the association between participation in PA and clustering of HRB, and results are expressed Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Adolescents with high participation in PA had lower odds of clustering 2-3 HRB (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.21-0.68; p<0.01) and 4-5 HRB (OR 0.29; 95%IC 0.16-0.53; p<0.01). Boys with high participation in PA had lower chances of clustering 2-3 HRB (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.13-0.75; p=0.01), and girls had lower odds of clustering 2-3 HRB (OR 0.41; 95%CI 0.17-0.99; p=0.04) and 4-5 HRB (OR 0.25; 95%CI 0.10-0.61; p<0.01). Conclusions: High participation in PA was inversely associated with the clustering of HRB in adolescents.

scholarly journals The effects of different frequencies of rhythmic acoustic stimulation on gait kinematics and trunk sway in healthy elderly population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Minino ◽  
Emahnuel Troisi Lopez ◽  
Pierpaolo Sorrentino ◽  
Rosaria Rucco ◽  
Anna Lardone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Gait Kinematics ◽  
Trunk Sway ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

ABSTRACTThe use of rhythmic acoustic stimulation (RAS) in improving gait and balance in healthy elderly subjects has been widely investigated. However, methodologies and results are often controversial. In this study, we hypothesize that both the kinematic features of gait and stability, depend on the frequency at which RAS is administered. Our aim was to observe, through 3D Gait Analysis, the effect of different types of RAS (at a fixed frequency or based on the average cadence of each subject) on both gait spatio-temporal parameters and stability. The latter was estimated through an innovative measure, the trunk displacement index (TDI) that we have recently implemented. We observed that the low frequencies RAS led to a general slowdown of gait, which did not provide any clear benefit and produced harmful effects on stability when the frequency became too low compared to the individual natural frequency. On the contrary, the high frequencies of RAS showed a slight acceleration of gait, accompanied by better stability (as documented by a lower TDI value), regardless of the type of RAS. Finally, the RAS equal to the individual natural cadence also produced an increase in stability.

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