scholarly journals Acinetobacter baumannii: Its Clinical Significance in Human and Veterinary Medicine

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Francesca Paola Nocera ◽  
Anna-Rita Attili ◽  
Luisa De Martino
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Environmental Adaptability

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen, causing severe infections difficult to treat. The A. baumannii infection rate has increased year by year in human medicine and it is also considered as a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. This bacterium, also well known for its ability to form biofilms, has a strong environmental adaptability and the characteristics of multi-drug resistance. Indeed, strains showing fully resistant profiles represent a worrisome problem in clinical therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, A. baumannii-associated veterinary nosocomial infections has been reported in recent literature. Particularly, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii can be considered an emerging opportunistic pathogen in human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Lytic Bacteriophage LZ35 Infecting Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghe Guo ◽  
Honglan Huang ◽  
Xiaolin Wu ◽  
Yuchong Hao ◽  
Yanbo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Gram Negative

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is frequently associated with nosocomial infections. Bacteriophages infecting A. baumannii can be used as effective agents to control these infections. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of the lytic bacteriophage LZ35 infecting A. baumannii isolates.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation and Detection of Fluoroquinolone- and Carbapenem-Resistant Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Guadalupe Avila-Novoa ◽  
Oscar-Alberto Solís-Velázquez ◽  
Daniel-Eduardo Rangel-López ◽  
Jean-Pierre González-Gómez ◽  
Pedro-Javier Guerrero-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Clinical Environments

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen that shows resistance to cephalosporins, penicillins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, the multiresistance being associated with its ability to form biofilms in clinical environments. The aim of this study was to determine biofilm formation and its potential association with genes involved in antibiotic resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii isolates of different clinical specimens. We demonstrated 100% of the A. baumannii isolates examined to be multidrug resistant (MDR), presenting a 73.3% susceptibility to cefepime and a 53.3% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. All A. baumannii isolates were positive for blaOXA-51, 33.3% being positive for blaOXA-23 and ISAba1, and 73.3% being positive for gyrA. We found 86.6% of A. baumannii strains to be low-grade biofilm formers and 13.3% to be biofilm negative; culturing on Congo red agar (CRA) plates revealed that 73.3% of the A. baumannii isolates to be biofilm producers, while 26.6% were not. These properties, combined with the role of A. baumannii as a nosocomial pathogen, increase the probability of A. baumannii causing nosocomial infections and outbreaks as a complication during therapeutic treatments and emphasize the need to control A. baumannii biofilms in hospital environments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification assay to detect carbapenemases from Acinetobacter spp. directly from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moreno-Morales ◽  
A. Vergara ◽  
T. Kostyanev ◽  
J. Rodriguez-Baño ◽  
H. Goossens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Amplification Assay ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

AbstractCarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. mainly Acinetobacter baumannii are frequently causing nosocomial infections with high mortality. In this study, the efficacy of the Eazyplex® SuperBug Complete A system (Amplex Diagnostics GmbH, Gars-Bahnhof, Germany), based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), to detect the presence of carbapenemases in Acinetobacter spp. directly from bronchoalveolar lavage samples was assessed, detecting all tested carbapenemases in less than 30 minutes with a sensitivity of 103 CFU/ml.

scholarly journals REVIEWOF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII: TAXONOMY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENICITY, AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Khalida J. IBRAHEEM ◽  
Mohammed S. BAQER
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The genus Acinetobacter are a wide spread in nature, and there are at least 25 different types of them .In the medical field, Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important speciesof this genus . It is an opportunistic pathogen and have many virulence factors that make the bacteria capable of causing many hospital-acquired diseases which leads to nosocomial outbreak attendant with arise in death rates . This bacteria has the ability to be resistant to many antibiotics, and the emergence of high levels of multi-drug resistance A. baumannii has made it apriority health issue and is considered a serious threat to health care facilities, public health and the elderly . Which requires a tremendous effort to stop this escalation.

scholarly journals Novel Aminoglycoside Resistance Transposons and Transposon-Derived Circular Forms Detected in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1801-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Karah ◽  
Chinmay Kumar Dwibedi ◽  
Karin Sjöström ◽  
Petra Edquist ◽  
Anders Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Acinetobacter baumanniihas emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen equipped with a growing number of antibiotic resistance genes. Our study investigated the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance features of 28 consecutive carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates ofA. baumanniicollected throughout Sweden in 2012 and 2013. The isolates mainly belonged to clonal complexes (CCs) with an extensive international distribution, such as CC2 (n= 16) and CC25 (n= 7). Resistance to carbapenems was related toblaOXA-23(20 isolates),blaOXA-24/40-like(6 isolates),blaOXA-467(1 isolate), and ISAba1-blaOXA-69(1 isolate). Ceftazidime resistance was associated withblaPER-7in the CC25 isolates. Two classical point mutations were responsible for resistance to quinolones in all the isolates. Isolates with high levels of resistance to aminoglycosides carried the 16S rRNA methylasearmAgene. The isolates also carried a variety of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Several novel structures involved in aminoglycoside resistance were identified, including Tn6279, ΔTn6279, Ab-ST3-aadB, and different assemblies of Tn6020and TnaphA6. Importantly, a number of circular forms related to the IS26or ISAba125composite transposons were detected. The frequent occurrence of these circular forms in the populations of several isolates indicates a potential role of these circular forms in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Subtypes, resistance and virulence platforms in extended-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Romanian isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Gheorghe ◽  
Ilda Czobor Barbu ◽  
Marius Surleac ◽  
Ionela Sârbu ◽  
Laura Ioana Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Sequence Types

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii has emerged worldwide as a dominant pathogen in a broad range of severe infections, raising an acute need for efficient antibacterials. This is the first report on the resistome and virulome of 33 extended drug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (XDR CRAB) strains isolated from hospitalized and ambulatory patients in Bucharest, Romania. A total of 33 isolates were collected and analyzed using phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility and conjugation assays, PCR, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST). All isolates were extensively drug-resistant (XDR), being susceptible only to colistin. The carbapenem resistance was attributed by PCR mainly to blaOXA-24 and blaOXA-23 genes. PFGE followed by MLST analysis demonstrated the presence of nine pulsotypes and six sequence types. WGS of seven XDR CRAB isolates from healthcare-associated infections demonstrated the high diversity of resistance genes repertoire, as well as of mobile genetic elements, carrying ARGs for aminoglycosides, sulphonamides and macrolides. Our data will facilitate the understanding of resistance, virulence and transmission features of XDR AB isolates from Romanian patients and might be able to contribute to the implementation of appropriate infection control measures and to develop new molecules with innovative mechanisms of action, able to fight effectively against these bugs, for limiting the spread and decreasing the infection rate and mortality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Methodology To Detect Carbapenemase Carriage in Acinetobacter Clinical Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 7538-7540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vergara ◽  
Yuliya Zboromyrska ◽  
Noraida Mosqueda ◽  
María Isabel Morosini ◽  
Sergio García-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
System A ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes

ABSTRACTCarbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiis a major source of nosocomial infections worldwide and is mainly associated with the acquisition of OXA-type carbapenemases and, to a lesser extent, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). In this study, 82 nonepidemiologically relatedAcinetobacterstrains carrying different types of OXA or MBL enzymes were tested using the Eazyplex system, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based method to rapidly detect carbapenemase carriage. The presence/absence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes was correctly determined for all isolates in <30 min.

scholarly journals Spread of Multi-Antibiotic-Resistant Health-Care Pathogens in Hospitals to Treat COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A. E. Goncharov ◽  
L. P. Zueva ◽  
A. S. Mokhov ◽  
V. V. Kolodzhieva ◽  
A. A. Meltser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene

Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant overloads in the work of health systems in many countries, a shortage of beds and staff, which contributes to a decrease in adherence to measures to prevent and control nosocomial infections, which can significantly worsen the course of viral pneumonia. Aim. To assess the possibility of the formation of hospital strains of multidrugresistant microorganisms in hospitals repurposed to provide medical care to patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods. The study included patients with severe and moderate forms of COVID-19 (ICD codes U07.1, U07.2), who were admitted to two large hospitals repurposed for the treatment of this infection. The data of microbiological studies of the biomaterial associated with the respiratory tract (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal aspirates) obtained from 1101 patients from May to January 2021 were analyzed using a combination of molecular genetic methods (RAPD-PCR, detection of integrons and the carbapenemase gene bla NDM.), and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii was carried out. Results. It was found that carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacteria predominate in the structure of the nosocomial microbiota of the respiratory tract of patients with COVID-19 in both hospitals. Based on molecular typing made the wide distribution of several genetic lines of integron-positive carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii was detected. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the spread and circulation of bacteria with multiple antibiotic resistance in hospitals. This study has demonstrated the possibility of the formation of hospital strains of nosocomial infections in COVID-19 hospitals, which justifies the need to improve infection control measures in the context of a new coronavirus infection pandemic.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Isolated Bacteriophage Against Biofilm Embedded Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Behnam Sisakhtpour ◽  
Arezoo Mirzaei ◽  
Vajihe Karbasizadeh ◽  
Sharareh Moghim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is responsible for most nosocomial infections in hospitals. It has the ability to form biofilms and has a high degree of antibiotic resistance. Colistin is one of the last therapeutic options for the treatment of Multi Drug Resistance infections. Recently, strains of this pathogen resistance to the colistin were reported increasingly. Therefore, alternative antibacterial methods such as phage therapy are being researched. Results: From 15 MDR A. baumannii clinical isolates, 26.6% were resistant to colistin, 80% were able to produce strong biofilm, and 20% produce weak biofilm. The isolated lytic phage (IsfAB78) was able to reduce the biofilm by up to 87%. Since most of the MDR colistin-resistant strains produce biofilm, and MDR A. baumannii infections are difficult to treat, development of phage therapy could be an alternative in the future. Phage IsfAB78 is a good candidate for this purpose.

scholarly journals Prevalensi Gen OXA-23 pada Isolat Klinis Bakter Acinetobacter baumanii di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Mhd. Alzaref ◽  
Linosefa Linosefa ◽  
Gestina Aliska
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Acinetobacter baumannii is such a big challenge in this modern era because of their multi-drug resistance (MDR) through their resistance mechanism, namely the production of beta lactamase enzymes, one of them is oxacillinases. Several studies have revealed that the OXA-23 gene has an important role in the production of the beta lactamase enzyme so that these bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, especially carbapenem. This study was conducted to determine the description of the resistance of the Acinetobacter baumannii by looking at the prevalence of the OXA-23 gene in clinical isolates of these bacteria at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. This study was a descriptive observational study and used a cross-sectional design using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and electrophoresis techniques. The samples were clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria stored in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 150 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii studied, most of the bacteria were still sensitive to the antibiotics of Amikacin (84%), Tigecycline (78.76%), and Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (76.77%). Meanwhile, all of the Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to cefazolin. In PCR and electrophoresis tests, 50 clinical isolates were positive for the OXA-23 gene. 46 of them were carbapenem resistant, while the other 4 isolates were sensitive to carbapenem. From these results it can be concluded that the prevalence of the OXA-23 gene in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang was 85.18% for carbapenem resistant isolates and 4.30% for carbapenem sensitive isolates. Keywords : Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem, OXA-23 gene

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