Epidemiology and Molecular Transmission Characteristics of HIV in the Capital City of Anhui Province in China

Hefei, Anhui province, is one of the cities in the Yangtze River Delta, where many people migrate to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. High migration also contributes to the HIV epidemic. This study explored the HIV prevalence in Hefei to provide a reference for other provinces and assist in the prevention and control of HIV in China. A total of 816 newly reported people with HIV in Hefei from 2017 to 2020 were recruited as subjects. HIV subtypes were identified by a phylogenetic tree. The most prevalent subtypes were CRF07_BC (41.4%), CRF01_AE (38.1%) and CRF55_01B (6.3%). Molecular networks were inferred using HIV-TRACE. The largest and most active transmission cluster was CRF55_01B in Hefei’s network. A Chinese national database (50,798 sequences) was also subjected to molecular network analysis to study the relationship between patients in Hefei and other provinces. CRF55_01B and CRF07_BC-N had higher clustered and interprovincial transmission rates in the national molecular network. People with HIV in Hefei mainly transmitted the disease within the province. Finally, we displayed the epidemic trend of HIV in Hefei in recent years with the dynamic change of effective reproductive number (Re). The weighted overall Re increased rapidly from 2012 to 2015, with a peak value of 3.20 (95% BCI, 2.18–3.85). After 2015, Re began to decline and remained stable at around 1.80. In addition, the Re of CRF55_01B was calculated to be between 2.0 and 4.0 in 2018 and 2019. More attention needs to be paid to the rapid spread of CRF55_01B and CRF07_BC-N strains among people with HIV and the high Re in Hefei. These data provide necessary support to guide the targeted prevention and control of HIV.

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Challenges to Infection Control Team during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Quaternary Medical Center in Saudi Arabia

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2021.72 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Hala A Amer ◽

Ibrahim A Alowidah ◽

Chasteffi Bugtai ◽

Barbara M. Soule ◽

Ziad A Memish

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Infection Control ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Infection Prevention ◽

Task Force ◽

Care Center ◽

Capital City ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Team Approach ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: King Saud Medical City (KSMC) is a quaternary care center based in the center of the capital city, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and is one of the key Ministry of Health (MoH) facilities dedicated to the care of COVID-19 patients in the central region. Methods: A comprehensive surge plan was promptly launched in mid-March 2020 to address the pandemic and then expanded in a phase-wise approach. Supporting the capacity of the infection prevention and control department (IPCD) was one of the main pillars of KSMC surge plan. Task force Infection Control teams have been formulated to tackle the different aspects of pandemic containment processes. The challenges and measures undertaken by the IPC team have been described. Conclusion: Realizing the more prominent role of infection prevention and control staff as frontline responders to public health emergencies like COVID-19, a solid infection prevention and control system at the healthcare setting supported by qualified and sufficient manpower, a well-developed multidisciplinary team approach, electronic infrastructure and efficient supply utilization is required for effective crisis management.

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Coordinated Management of COVID-19 Response: Lessons From Whole-of-Society and Whole-of-Health Strategies in Wuhan, China

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.664214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Shanquan Chen ◽

Pan Zhang ◽

Yun Zhang ◽

Hong Fung ◽

Yong Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Care Delivery ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Control Period ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

First Line ◽

And Control

Background: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been challenging globally following the scarcity of medical resources after a surge in demand. As the pandemic continues, the question remains on how to accomplish more with the existing resources and improve the efficiency of existing health care delivery systems worldwide. In this study, we reviewed the experience from Wuhan - the first city to experience a COVID-19 outbreak – that has presently shown evidence for efficient and effective local control of the epidemic.Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective qualitative study based on the document analysis of COVID-19-related materials and interviews with first-line people in Wuhan.Results: We extracted two themes (the evolution of Wuhan's prevention and control strategies on COVID-19 and corresponding effectiveness) and four sub-themes (routine prevention and control period, exploration period of targeted prevention and control strategies, mature period of prevention and control strategies, and recovery period). How Wuhan combatted COVID-19 through multi-tiered and multi-sectoral collaboration, overcoming its fragmented, hospital-centered, and treatment-dominated healthcare system, was illustrated and summarized.Conclusion: Four lessons for COVID-19 prevention and control were summarized: (a) Engage the communities and primary care not only in supporting but also in screening and controlling, and retain community and primary care as among the first line of COVID-19 defense; (b) Extend and stratify the existing health care delivery system; (c) Integrate person-centered integrated care into the whole coordination; and (d) Delink the revenue relationship between doctors and patients and safeguard the free-will of physicians when treating patients.

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Research on the Source Mechanism and Source Prevention and Control System of Deep Rock Burst

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/8881759 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Shuai Di

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Rock Mass ◽

Rock Burst ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Working Face ◽

Deep Rock ◽

And Control

Deep rock burst accidents occur frequently and become increasingly serious. Further improving the effectiveness and accuracy of the prevention and control of rock burst, ensuring the safe and efficient production of mines, clarifying the basic causes of disasters, and refining the type of deep rock burst are the most important key links. Aiming at the problems such as unclear incentives and types and the lack of effective and targeted prevention measures of deep rock burst, taking Xin’an Mine as the research background, based on the energy theory, the coal and rock mass multisource energy unified equation was established to analyze coal and rock mass instability mechanism. According to the different degrees of participation of various factors, the types of deep rock burst are determined as three categories and four types, and the corresponding judgment criteria are proposed. The precise prevention and control system for the source of rock burst with Xin’an characteristics is proposed, successfully applied to the 8101 working face, which not only guarantees the safe production of the working face, but also achieves good economic benefits. The research results lay the foundation for improving the accuracy and precision of the prevention and control of deep rock burst and provide theoretical guidance for the safe and efficient mining of the mine.

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COVID-19: NURSING CARE FOR SAFETY IN THE MOBILE PRE-HOSPITAL SERVICE

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2020-0119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

Author(s):

Lorraine Cichowicz Marques ◽

Danieley Cristini Lucca ◽

Everson Orlandini Alves ◽

Gisele Cristina Manfrini Fernandes ◽

Keyla Cristiane do Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Nursing Care ◽

Hospital Care ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Capital City ◽

Fundamental Aspect ◽

Hospital Service ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Reflective Study ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the actions performed by nurses from the mobile pre-hospital service before, during, and after consultations and transfers of suspected and/or confirmed patients of Covid-19, and the limitations found by these professionals on reducing exposure to the disease. Method: a descriptive-reflective study about the actions performed by nurses from the mobile pre-hospital service in a capital city in southern Brazil to increase safety during consultations or transfers of suspected and/or confirmed patients of Covid-19. Results: the study allowed us to reflect on the multidimensionality of actions necessary for the prevention and control of the pandemic. Attitudes were identified to ensure instrumental safety in mobile units, professional safety, and patient safety in mobile pre-hospital care. Conclusion: regarding the nurses, concern with the safety of the professionals and patients was identified, since they adopted conducts for the prevention and control of the pandemic through the use of equipment, materials, and preparation of the ambulance. Subjective aspects of the professionals involved must be considered, such as technical and psychological preparation, which is a fundamental aspect both for serving the population and for the safety of the patient and the professional in terms of exposure to the virus.

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Predictive Study of Tuberculosis Incidence by ARMA Model Combined with Air Pollution Variables

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2020/3619063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yanling Zheng

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Principal Component Regression ◽

Arma Model ◽

Principal Component ◽

Predictive Performance ◽

Capital City ◽

Cross Correlation Analysis ◽

And Control ◽

Predictive Study

China has the second largest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world, and the Xinjiang province has the highest TB incidence in China. Urumqi is the capital city of Xinjiang; good TB prevention and control in Urumqi can provide an example for other parts of Xinjiang, considering that predicting the TB incidence is the prerequisite of prevention and control; therefore, it is necessary to do a prediction study on TB incidence in Urumqi. In this paper, based on the data of TB incidence and air pollution variables (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, O3) in Urumqi, the ARMA (1, (1, 3)) + model was established by time series ARMA model method, cross-correlation analysis, and principal component regression method, and its predictive performance was superior to that of the ARMA (1, (1, 3)) model based on TB historical data. The research idea of this paper was good, which can provide a reference for other researchers. The prediction of the ARMA (1, (1, 3)) + model can provide scientific help for TB prevention and control in Urumqi, China. During the analysis, it was found that the higher the concentration of O3, the higher the incidence of TB. This study suggests that people in Urumqi should pay more attention to the hazards of O3 and do a good job of personal protection.

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Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Scarlet Fever in Zhejiang Province, China, 2004–2018

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16183454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (18) ◽

pp. 3454 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qinbao Lu ◽

Haocheng Wu ◽

Zheyuan Ding ◽

Chen Wu ◽

Junfen Lin

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Scarlet Fever ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Zhejiang Province ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Spring Semester ◽

Northern Regions ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the trends and epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province in 2004–2018, intending to provide a basis for targeted prevention and control of this disease. Method: We collated the epidemiological data for cases of scarlet fever from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) in Zhejiang province between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever, whereas the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was used to determine the hotspot incidence of scarlet fever. Results: In 2004–2018, a total of 22,194 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Zhejiang Province, with no death reports. The annual average of scarlet fever incidence was 2.82/100,000 (range,1.12 to 6.34/100,000). The male incidence was higher than that among female (χ2 = 999.834, p < 0.05), and a majority of the cases (86.42%) occurred in children aged 3–9 years. Each year, the incidence of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province appeared two seasonal peaks: the first peak occurred from March to June (the constituent ratio was 49.06%), the second peak was lower than the first one during November and the following January (the constituent ratio was 28.67%). The two peaks were almost in accordance with the school spring semester and autumn–winter semester, respectively. The incidence in the northern regions of the province was generally higher than that in the southern regions. High-value clusters were detected in the central and northern regions, while low-value clusters occurred in the southern regions via the Getis-Ord Gi* statistical analysis. Conclusions: The prevalence of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province showed a marked seasonality variation and mainly clustered in the central and northern regions in 2004–2018. Children under 15 years of age were most susceptible to scarlet fever. Kindergartens and primary schools should be the focus of prevention and control, and targeted strategies and measures should be taken to reduce the incidence.

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Risk assessment of paternal depression in relation to partner delivery during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03325-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guo-qiang Sun ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Shan-shan Wang ◽

Yao Cheng

Keyword(s):

Public Transportation ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Family Income ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Control Measures ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Simultaneous Exposure ◽

Family Function ◽

Depression Risk ◽

And Control

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic and relevant prevention and control measures may affect the mental health and induce depressive symptoms in fathers with concurrent partner delivery exposure. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression in fathers with simultaneous exposure to COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of family functions on paternal perinatal depression (PPD) risk. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the perinatal fathers recruited in a large tertiary hospital in Wuhan across the whole pandemic period from 31 December 2019 to 11 April 2020. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and APGAR family function scale were used to evaluate PPD and family function, respectively. Chi-square test and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model were applied for data analysis. Results Among the 1187 participants, the prevalence of PPD was 13.82% throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with that in the time period before the announcement of human-to-human transmission on 19 January 2020, the depression risk was significantly lower during the traffic restriction (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.86) and public transportation reopening periods (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.59). Poor/fair family functions was associated with elevated depression risk (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.90, 4.52). Individuals reporting a low family income and smoking had high depression risks. Conclusions A declined risk of PPD was observed over the traffic restriction period of the COVID-19 pandemic. An improved family function may help alleviate the risk of PPD during the pandemic. Health authorities are recommended to formulate targeted prevention and control strategies to handle PPD.

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Assessment and forecasting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Changsha, China: Based on a SEIAR Dynamic Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16659/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenting Zha ◽

Nan Zhou ◽

Guoqun Li ◽

Weitong Li ◽

Heng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Control Measures ◽

Capital City ◽

Time To Peak ◽

First Case ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

Fourth Order Method ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: A new human coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 emerged during December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Cases have been exported to other Chinese cities and abroad, which may cause the global outbreak. Chang Sha is the nearest provincial capital city to Wuhan, the first case of COVID-19 in Changsha was diagnosed on January 21, 2020. Estimating the transmissibility and forecasting the trend of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 under the prevention and control measures in Changsha could inform evidence based decisions to policy makers. Methods: Data were collected from the Health Commission of Changsha and Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A Susceptible-exposed-infections/ asymptomatic- removed (SEIAR) model was established to simulate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Changsha. Berkeley Madonna 8.3.18 were employed for the model simulation and prediction, while the curve fitting problem was solved by the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method, with a tolerance of 0.001. Results: In this study, we found that Rt was 2.05 from January 21 to 27 and reduced to 0.2 after January 27, 2020 in Changsha. The prediction results showed that when no obvious prevention and control measures were applied, the total number of patients in Changsha would reach the maximum (2.27 million) on the 79th day after the outbreak, and end in about 240 days; When measures have not been fully launched, the total number of patients would reach the maximum (1.60 million) on the 28th day after the outbreak, and end in about 110 days; When measures have been fully launched, the total number of patients would reach the maximum (234) on the 23rd day after the outbreak, and end in about 60 days. Conclusions: Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Changsha is in a controllable stage under current prevention and control measures, it is predicted that the cumulative patients would reach the maximum of 234 on February 12, and the outbreak would be over on 20 March in Changsha. With the fully implementation of prevention and control measures, it could effectively reduce the peak value, short the time to peak and duration of the outbreak.

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Targeted Prevention and Control of Key Links in Airports to Mitigate Public Health Risks

China CDC Weekly ◽

10.46234/ccdcw2021.212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (41) ◽

pp. 859-861

Author(s):

Dongqun Xu ◽

◽

Zhuona Zhang ◽

Qin Wang ◽

Xia Li

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Public Health Risks ◽

And Control

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Transmission and containment of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern in Guangzhou, China: A population-based study

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0010048 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0010048

Author(s):

Li Li ◽

Zhi-Gang Han ◽

Peng-Zhe Qin ◽

Wen-Hui Liu ◽

Zhou Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incubation Period ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Time Window ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Reproductive Number ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Background The first community transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant of concern (VOC) in Guangzhou, China occurred between May and June 2021. Herein, we describe the epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak and evaluate the implemented containment measures against this outbreak. Methodology/Principal findings Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention provided the data on SARS-CoV-2 infections reported between 21 May and 24 June 2021. We estimated the incubation period distribution by fitting a gamma distribution to the data, while the serial interval distribution was estimated by fitting a normal distribution. The instantaneous effective reproductive number (Rt) was estimated to reflect the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical severity was compared for cases with different vaccination statuses using an ordinal regression model after controlling for age. Of the reported local cases, 7/153 (4.6%) were asymptomatic. The median incubation period was 6.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.42–6.71) days and the means of serial intervals decreased from 5.19 (95% CI: 4.29–6.11) to 3.78 (95% CI: 2.74–4.81) days. The incubation period increased with age (P<0.001). A hierarchical prevention and control strategy against COVID-19 was implemented in Guangzhou, with Rt decreasing from 6.83 (95% credible interval [CrI]: 3.98–10.44) for the 7-day time window ending on 27 May 2021 to below 1 for the time window ending on 8 June and thereafter. Individuals with partial or full vaccination schedules with BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac accounted for 15.3% of the COVID-19 cases. Clinical symptoms were milder in partially or fully vaccinated cases than in unvaccinated cases (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26 [95% CI: 0.07–0.94]). Conclusions/Significance The hierarchical prevention and control strategy against COVID-19 in Guangzhou was timely and effective. Authorised inactivated vaccines are likely to contribute to reducing the probability of developing severe disease. Our findings have important implications for the containment of COVID-19.

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