scholarly journals Relation between Biofilm and Virulence in Vibrio tapetis: A Transcriptomic Study

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Rodrigues ◽  
Christine Paillard ◽  
Sabine Van Dillen ◽  
Ali Tahrioui ◽  
Jean-Marc Berjeaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Type Vi Secretion System ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Genetic Level

Marine pathogenic bacteria are able to form biofilms on many surfaces, such as mollusc shells, and they can wait for the appropriate opportunity to induce their virulence. Vibrio tapetis can develop such biofilms on the inner surface of shells of the Ruditapes philippinarum clam, leading to the formation of a brown conchiolin deposit in the form of a ring, hence the name of the disease: Brown Ring Disease. The virulence of V. tapetis is presumed to be related to its capacity to form biofilms, but the link has never been clearly established at the physiological or genetic level. In the present study, we used RNA-seq analysis to identify biofilm- and virulence-related genes displaying altered expression in biofilms compared to the planktonic condition. A flow cell system was employed to grow biofilms to obtain both structural and transcriptomic views of the biofilms. We found that 3615 genes were differentially expressed, confirming that biofilm and planktonic lifestyles are very different. As expected, the differentially expressed genes included those involved in biofilm formation, such as motility- and polysaccharide synthesis-related genes. The data show that quorum sensing is probably mediated by the AI-2/LuxO system in V. tapetis biofilms. The expression of genes encoding the Type VI Secretion System and associated exported proteins are strongly induced, suggesting that V. tapetis activates this virulence factor when living in biofilm.

scholarly journals Age-dependent changes in electrophysiology and calcium handling – implications for pediatric cardiac research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther M. Swift ◽  
Morgan Burke ◽  
Devon Guerrelli ◽  
Manelle Ramadan ◽  
Marissa Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cardiac Maturation

ABSTRACTRationaleThe heart continues to develop and mature after birth and into adolescence. Accordingly, cardiac maturation is likely to include a progressive refinement in both organ morphology and function during the postnatal period. Yet, age-dependent changes in cardiac electrophysiology and calcium handling have not yet been fully characterized.ObjectiveThe objective of this study, was to examine the relationship between cardiac maturation, electrophysiology, and calcium handling throughout postnatal development in a rat model.MethodsPostnatal rat cardiac maturation was determined by measuring the expression of genes involved in cell-cell coupling, electrophysiology, and calcium handling. In vivo electrocardiograms were recorded from neonatal, juvenile, and adult animals. Simultaneous dual optical mapping of transmembrane voltage and calcium transients was performed on isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat hearts (postnatal day 0–3, 4-7, 8-14, adult).ResultsYounger, immature hearts displayed slowed electrical conduction, prolonged action potential duration and increased ventricular refractoriness. Slowed calcium handling in the immature heart increased the propensity for calcium transient alternans which corresponded to alterations in the expression of genes encoding calcium handling proteins. Developmental changes in cardiac electrophysiology were associated with the altered expression of genes encoding potassium channels and intercalated disc proteins.ConclusionUsing an intact whole heart model, this study highlights chronological changes in cardiac electrophysiology and calcium handling throughout postnatal development. Results of this study can serve as a comprehensive baseline for future studies focused on pediatric cardiac research, safety assessment and/or preclinical testing using rodent models.

scholarly journals Ablation of sarcolipin results in atrial remodeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (12) ◽  
pp. C1762-C1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai-Hua Xie ◽  
Mayilvahanan Shanmugam ◽  
Ji Yeon Park ◽  
Zhenghang Zhao ◽  
Hairuo Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Calcium Transient ◽  
Atrial Remodeling ◽  
Atrial Myocytes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sodium Calcium Exchanger ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Intracellular Ca

Sarcolipin (SLN) is a key regulator of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), and its expression is altered in diseased atrial myocardium. To determine the precise role of SLN in atrial Ca2+ homeostasis, we developed a SLN knockout ( sln−/−) mouse model and demonstrated that ablation of SLN enhances atrial SERCA pump activity. The present study is designed to determine the long-term effects of enhanced SERCA activity on atrial remodeling in the sln−/− mice. Calcium transient measurements show an increase in atrial SR Ca2+ load and twitch Ca2+ transients. Patch-clamping experiments demonstrate activation of the forward mode of sodium/calcium exchanger, increased L-type Ca2+ channel activity, and prolongation of action potential duration at 90% repolarization in the atrial myocytes of sln−/− mice. Spontaneous Ca2+ waves, delayed afterdepolarization, and triggered activities are frequent in the atrial myocytes of sln−/− mice. Furthermore, loss of SLN in atria is associated with increased interstitial fibrosis and altered expression of genes encoding collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins. Our results also show that the sln−/− mice are susceptible to atrial arrhythmias upon aging. Together, these findings indicate that ablation of SLN results in increased SERCA activity and SR Ca2+ load, which, in turn, could cause abnormal intracellular Ca2+ handling and atrial remodeling.

scholarly journals Reduced Expression of Slc Genes in the VTA and NAcc of Male Mice with Positive Fighting Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Smagin ◽  
Vladimir N. Babenko ◽  
Irina L. Kovalenko ◽  
Anna G. Galyamina ◽  
Olga E. Redina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Slc Transporters ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Complete Disruption

ABSTRACTThere are many psychiatric medications targeting the activity of SLC transporters. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate the expression profiles of the Slc* genes, which may serve as markers of altered brain metabolic processes and neurotransmitter activities in psychoneurological disorders. We studied differentially expressed Slc genes using the transcriptomic profiles in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male mice with psychosis-like behavior induced by repeated aggression experience in daily agonistic interactions which are accompanied by wins. Most of differentially expressed Slc genes in the VTA and NAcc (12 of 17 and 25 of 26, respectively) were downregulated, which was not the case in the PFC (6 and 5, up- and down, respectively). Also, the majority of these genes were shown to have brain region-specific expression profiles. In the VTA and NAcc altered expression was observed for the genes encoding the transporters of neurotransmitters as well as inorganic and organic ions, amino acids, metals, glucose, etc. This means alteration in transport functions for many substrates, which results in complete disruption of all cellular and neurotransmitter processes. The neurotransmitter systems, especially, the dopaminergic one, in male mice with positive fighting experience in daily agonistic interactions undergo changes leading to profound genomic modifications which include downregulated expression of the majority of the Slc* genes at least in the VTA and NAcc, which is attributable to chronic stimulation of the reward systems.

scholarly journals Global gene expression and secondary metabolite changes in Arabidopsis thaliana ABI4 over-expression lines

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianyun Yu ◽  
Margaret Y. Gruber ◽  
Shu Wei ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
Dwayne Hegedus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Despite numerous studies on ABI4, its role in plant secondary metabolism has not been fully investigated. Here, we used metabolite profiling together with transcriptome analysis to demonstrate that ABI4 transcript levels regulate a host of secondary metabolite pathways and growth modalities in ABI4 over-expression (ABI4_OE) lines of Arabidopsis thaliana. This strategy provided a unique and comprehensive overview of the regulation of metabolic shifts in response to ABI4 transcription. We show that enhancement of ABI4 transcript levels changed seed proanthocyanidin (PA), flavonoid, and carotenoid levels in ABI4_OE seeds and 30-day-old shoots, as well as the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the production of these and other secondary metabolites in ABI4_OE shoots. In seeds, PA accumulated in very large uneven patches, which was dramatically different from the even distribution of PA in wild-type seeds. Shoots of ABI4_OE lines also exhibited altered expression of a range of genes involved in several aspects of plant development, including hormone and cell-wall synthesis. Alteration of such disparate secondary metabolite pathways, along with hormone and developmental pathways, suggests that ABI4 is a master regulator integrating these compounds with plant development.

scholarly journals Human islet preparations distributed for research exhibit a variety of insulin-secretory profiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (7) ◽  
pp. E592-E602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora S. Kayton ◽  
Gregory Poffenberger ◽  
Joseph Henske ◽  
Chunhua Dai ◽  
Courtney Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Human Islet ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Basal Insulin Secretion ◽  
The Many

Human islet research is providing new insights into human islet biology and diabetes, using islets isolated at multiple US centers from donors with varying characteristics. This creates challenges for understanding, interpreting, and integrating research findings from the many laboratories that use these islets. In what is, to our knowledge, the first standardized assessment of human islet preparations from multiple isolation centers, we measured insulin secretion from 202 preparations isolated at 15 centers over 11 years and noted five distinct patterns of insulin secretion. Approximately three quarters were appropriately responsive to stimuli, but one quarter were dysfunctional, with unstable basal insulin secretion and/or an impairment in stimulated insulin secretion. Importantly, the patterns of insulin secretion by responsive human islet preparations (stable Baseline and Fold stimulation of insulin secretion) isolated at different centers were similar and improved slightly over the years studied. When all preparations studied were considered, basal and stimulated insulin secretion did not correlate with isolation center, biological differences of the islet donor, or differences in isolation, such as Cold Ischemia Time. Dysfunctional islet preparations could not be predicted from the information provided by the isolation center and had altered expression of genes encoding components of the glucose-sensing pathway, but not of insulin production or cell death. These results indicate that insulin secretion by most preparations from multiple centers is similar but that in vitro responsiveness of human islets cannot be predicted, necessitating preexperimental human islet assessment. These results should be considered when one is designing, interpreting, and integrating experiments using human islets.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Response of Brucella melitensis NI to Polymyxin B

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Xiaowen Yang ◽  
Hai Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cold Shock Protein ◽  
Genes Encoding

Background: The ability of pathogenic bacteria to survive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in various host niches may contribute to their virulence. Polymyxin B is a cationic AMP, and polymyxin drugs are considered to be the "last line of defense" in the clinical treatment of bacterial infections. Objective: The objectives of this study were to comprehensively study the response of Brucella melitensis strain NI to polymyxin B treatment and to identify the target genes in Brucella induced by polymyxin B stimulation. Methods: Following treatment with polymyxin B, differentially expressed genes in Brucella were detected using RNA-seq and validated using qRT-PCR. Results: In total, 874 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 560 up-regulated and 314 down-regulated genes. Functional annotation and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that many of these genes are involved in metabolism, two-component systems, transcriptional regulation, transport/membrane proteins, and virulence factors. Expression of genes involved in T4SS and flagellar biosynthesis and assembly, which are important virulence factors in Brucella, were upregulated by polymyxin B treatment. Discussion: Additionally, genes encoding the ABC transporters YejABEF and the cold-shock protein CspA were also upregulated. These genes confer resistance to AMPs and contribute to the virulence of Brucella. The NI∆sufC, NI∆sufD, NI∆ompW, NI∆exbB, NI∆tetR, and NI∆cspA mutants were also more sensitive than B. melitensis NI to polymyxin B. Conclusion: The results of this study provide important insights into the comprehensive response of Brucella in response to polymyxin B stimulation.

Salt stress induces altered expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in seedlings of a Brazilian indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Plant Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Menezes-Benavente ◽  
Felipe Karam Teixeira ◽  
Claire Lessa Alvim Kamei ◽  
Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

scholarly journals Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway Transcriptome in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Jerry Vriend ◽  
Mark W. Nachtigal
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Proteasome Pathway

In this article, we reviewed the transcription of genes coding for components of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in publicly available datasets of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). KEGG analysis was used to identify the major pathways distinguishing EOC of low malignant potential (LMP) from invasive high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), and to identify the components of the ubiquitin proteasome system that contributed to these pathways. We identified elevated transcription of several genes encoding ubiquitin conjugases associated with HGSOC. Fifty-eight genes coding for ubiquitin ligases and more than 100 genes encoding ubiquitin ligase adaptors that were differentially expressed between LMP and HGSOC were also identified. Many differentially expressed genes encoding E3 ligase adaptors were Cullin Ring Ligase (CRL) adaptors, and 64 of them belonged to the Cullin 4 DCX/DWD family of CRLs. The data suggest that CRLs play a role in HGSOC and that some of these proteins may be novel therapeutic targets. Differential expression of genes encoding deubiquitinases and proteasome subunits was also noted.

scholarly journals Disruption of pathways regulated by Integrator complex in Galloway–Mowat syndrome due to WDR73 mutations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Tilley ◽  
C. Arrondel ◽  
C. Chhuon ◽  
M. Boisson ◽  
N. Cagnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cellular Pathways

AbstractSeveral studies have reported WDR73 mutations to be causative of Galloway–Mowat syndrome, a rare disorder characterised by the association of neurological defects and renal-glomerular disease. In this study, we demonstrate interaction of WDR73 with the INTS9 and INTS11 components of Integrator, a large multiprotein complex with various roles in RNA metabolism and transcriptional control. We implicate WDR73 in two Integrator-regulated cellular pathways; namely, the processing of uridylate-rich small nuclear RNAs (UsnRNA), and mediating the transcriptional response to epidermal growth factor stimulation. We also show that WDR73 suppression leads to altered expression of genes encoding cell cycle regulatory proteins. Altogether, our results suggest that a range of cellular pathways are perturbed by WDR73 loss-of-function, and support the consensus that proper regulation of UsnRNA maturation, transcription initiation and cell cycle control are all critical in maintaining the health of post-mitotic cells such as glomerular podocytes and neurons, and preventing degenerative disease.

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