Development of Gel-in-Oil Emulsions for Khellin Topical Delivery

Hypopigmentation is a progressive dermatological condition caused by a reduction in the skin pigment, melanin. Its treatment is considered a challenge due to the lack of a highly efficient single therapy. Currently, the main treatments include photochemotherapy, application of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, and laser. Khellin-based gel-in-oil emulsions appear as a promising alternative since they ensure a concentration of the drug, a natural furanochromone, at the desired location, skin surface. Khellin promotes repigmentation as it forms a dark colored complex after solar irradiation. The aim of this study was the development and characterization (e.g., rheological behaviour, droplet size, tackiness, adhesion and spreadability) of three topical gel-in-oil emulsions prepared with different emollients, formulated through a cold emulsification process, and suitable for the incorporation of khellin. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the drug release and permeation profiles across artificial membranes and excised human skin, respectively, using Franz-type vertical diffusion cells. The W/O emulsions developed showed macroscopic appearance, shear-thinning behavior with a mean droplet size from 3.28 to 4.28 μm, suitable for topical application. In vitro studies revealed permeation values of about 1% of khellin across the stratum corneum, making these gel-in-oil emulsions promising for preclinical and clinical studies. The cold process, being an easy and low energy production method, represents an innovative strategy to produce khellin-based gel-in-oil emulsions to treat patients with hypopigmentation.

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Effect of Cavity Disinfectants on Adhesion to Primary Teeth—A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4398

Author(s):

Ana Coelho ◽

Inês Amaro ◽

Ana Apolónio ◽

Anabela Paula ◽

José Saraiva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

Clinical Success ◽

Dental Materials ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Promising Alternative

Some authors have been proposing the use of cavity disinfectants in order to reduce, or even eliminate, the effect of the microorganisms present in a dental cavity before a restoration is placed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cavity disinfectants on bond strength and clinical success of composite and glass ionomer restorations on primary teeth. The research was conducted using Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science for articles published up to February 2021. The search was performed according to the PICO strategy. The evaluation of the methodological quality of each in vitro study was assessed using the CONSORT checklist for reporting in vitro studies on dental materials. Sixteen in vitro studies and one in situ study fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chlorhexidine was the most studied cavity disinfectant, and its use does not compromise dentin bonding. Sodium hypochlorite is a promising alternative, but more research on its use is required to clearly state that it can safely be used as a cavity disinfectant for primary teeth. Although other disinfectants were studied, there is a low-level evidence attesting their effects on adhesion, therefore their use should be avoided.

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Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) as a new alternative treatment method for onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton verrucosum: in vitro studies

Infection ◽

10.1007/s15010-021-01691-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Gnat ◽

Dominik Łagowski ◽

Mariusz Dyląg ◽

Jessica Zielinski ◽

Marek Studziński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Treatment ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽

Treatment Method ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Trichophyton Verrucosum ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Pressure Plasma ◽

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Abstract Purpose Anthropophilic dermatophytes as etiological factors of onychomycoses are more common than zoophilic fungi. In the case of the latter, reverse zoonoses are possible, which poses a threat to the persistence of dermatophytes in the environment. Nevertheless, without treatment, both types of tinea unguium may lead to complete nail plate destruction and secondary mixed infections with fungi and bacteria. One of the zoophilic dermatophytes that cause onychomycosis is Trichophyton verrucosum, whose prevalence has been increasing in recent years. Such infections are usually treated with allylamines and/or azoles, but such a conventional treatment of infections caused by T. verrucosum often fails or is discontinued by patients. Methods Herein, we reveal the results of our in vitro studies related to direct application of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) on Trichophyton verrucosum growth, germination and adherence to nail as a new alternative treatment method of such types of dermatomycoses. Results Our in vitro studies showed that, while exposure to CAPP for 10 min delays germination of conidia and clearly impairs the fitness of the fungal structures, 15 min is enough to kill all fungal elements exposed to plasma. Moreover, the SEM images revealed that T. verrucosum cultures exposed to CAPP for 10 and 15 min were not able to invade the nail fragments. Conclusion The results revealed that single exposure to CAPP was able to inhibit T. verrucosum growth and infection capacity. Hence, cold atmospheric pressure plasma should be considered as a promising alternative treatment of onychomycoses.

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Design and Development of Clobetasol Propionate Topical Gel Thickened with Novel Copolymer

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i04.10658 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Kumar Pawan ◽

Shailendra Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Water Solubility ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

In Vitro Drug Release ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Topical Gel ◽

Release Studies ◽

Photo Stability

Topical delivery of clobetasole propionate (CP) offers several formulation related problems due to poor water solubility and photo degradation property. In the present investigation, topical gel of CP was formulated using Acrylamide/ Sodium Acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer (SEPINEO™ P 600) as a gelling agent and evaluated with respect to different physicochemical parameters such as pH, viscosity, bio-adhesivity, spreadability, in vitro drug release and photo stability. Permeation of CP gel was studied using freshly excised pig ear skin for 24 h. The cumulative permeation of drug through excised rat skin was 3.0 ± 1.2 mg cm-2 with the corresponding flux value of 0.24 ± 0.09 mg cm-2 h -1 . The in vitro release studies showed 101.43±1.12 % drug release over 10 h. The selected formulation was found to be effective with respect to percent drug content, permeation characteristics, pH, viscosity, and photostability. Therefore, CP gel could be very promising alternative for the topical drug delivery.

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Development and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Binary Ethosomal Topical Gel of Terbinafine Hydrochloride for the Treatment of Onychomycosis

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2018.11.1.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 3998-4006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kishan V ◽

Shruthi K ◽

Narendar D ◽

Arjun N

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Rheological Behaviour ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Content Uniformity ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Topical Gel ◽

Diffusion Studies

The objective of this investigation was to prepare and evaluate the binary ethosomal gel containing terbinafine HCl (TH) to treat onychomycosis. It was reported that binary ethosomes possessed good permeation and stability characteristics than ethosomes. Binary ethosomes of TH were prepared by film hydration method. Prepared binary ethosomes were evaluated for optimized system. Further, ex-vivo skin permeation studies were conducted with rat skin. The formulation of binary ethosomes was converted to gel by using carbopol 934 and evaluated for rheological properties. Antifungal testing of gel was done by cup plate method, using Candida albicans and zones of inhibition of growth were measured. The size, ZP and EE of the prepared binary ethosomes ranged from 200-320nm, -20 to -30mV and 70-92% respectively. In-vitro and ex-vivo diffusion studies indicated that formulation BE4 with greater amount of binary alcoholic phase, showed faster release and increased flux over others. SEM studies revealed that binary ethosomes were in spherical shape. Based on size, EE, drug release profile and antifungal studies, the BE4 formulation was selected for gel preparation. The prepared 0.5% binary ethosomal BE4 gel showed good content uniformity, pH 5.5, no skin irritation, good consistency and better rheological behaviour. Further, antifungal studies of BE4 gel indicated that gel had lower antifungal activity than plain BE4 formulation, probably due to gelling effect in agar diffusion studies. In conclusion, we developed a pharmaceutical gel containing binary ethosomes of BE4 having TH to provide anti-fungal effects useful for the treatment of onychomycosis.

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In vitro studies on release and skin permeation of nonivamide from novel oil-in-oil-emulsions

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 260-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Michael Rottke ◽

Dominique Jasmin Lunter ◽

Rolf Daniels

Keyword(s):

Skin Permeation ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Oil Emulsions

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Buriti Oil Emulsions as Affected by Soy Protein Isolate/High-Methoxyl Pectin Ratio, Oil Content and Homogenization Pressure

Food Technology and Biotechnology ◽

10.17113/ftb.58.02.20.6210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 159-172

Author(s):

Mírian Luisa Faria Freitas ◽

Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro ◽

Vânia Regina Nicoletti

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Soy Protein ◽

Oil Content ◽

Soy Protein Isolate ◽

Rheological Behaviour ◽

Continuous Phase ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Buriti Oil ◽

Oil Emulsions

Research background. Emulsion technology is a suitable way of encapsulating, protecting and releasing hydrophobic bioactive compounds for application in food industries, but they are thermodynamically unstable systems. Good results have been achieved for emulsions stabilized by protein-polysaccharide complexes subjected to high-pressure homogenization. Improved stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions results from electrostatic complexes formed between proteins and polysaccharides at pH lower than the protein isoelectric point, which adsorb at the oil-water interface. In addition, polysaccharides contribute to emulsion stability by increasing viscosity of the continuous phase. The aim of this work is to investigate the production of carotenoid-rich buriti oil emulsions using soy protein isolate and high-methoxyl pectin as stabilizers. Experimental approach. Using a rotatable central composite experimental design, we assessed the effects of oil content, soy protein isolate/high-methoxyl pectin ratio and homogenization pressure on the stability, droplet size, electrical conductivity, electrical charge, microstructure and rheological behaviour of the emulsions. Results and conclusions. An optimized emulsion was produced with 28 % buriti oil, 55 % soy protein isolate, and homogenization pressure of 380·105 Pa. This emulsion was stable for at least seven days, presenting reduced average droplet size, low electrical conductivity and high modulus of negative charges. The mechanical spectra showed that the emulsion behaved as a viscoelastic gel under oscillatory, non-destructive shearing, whereas shearthinning behaviour took place under steady shear conditions. Novelty and scientific contribution. The optimized buriti oil emulsions stabilized by soy protein isolate and high-methoxyl pectin could be suitable for fat substitution, energy reduction and carotenoid enrichment in food products, such as dairy and bakery products, ice cream, salad sauces and vegetable-based cream.

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Osteogenic Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies: A Systematic Review Using Modified ARRIVE and CONSORT Guidelines

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2015/378368 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Murali Ramamoorthi ◽

Mohammed Bakkar ◽

Jack Jordan ◽

Simon D. Tran

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Osteogenic Potential ◽

Dental Stem Cells ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Animal Trials

Background and Objective. Dental stem cell-based tissue engineered constructs are emerging as a promising alternative to autologous bone transfer for treating bone defects. The purpose of this review is to systematically assess the preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies which have evaluated the efficacy of dental stem cells on bone regeneration.Methods. A literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to October 2014. Implantation of dental stem cells in animal models for evaluating bone regeneration and/or in vitro studies demonstrating osteogenic potential of dental stem cells were included. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to ensure the quality of the search. Modified ARRIVE (Animal research: reporting in invivo experiments) and CONSORT (Consolidated reporting of trials) were used to critically analyze the selected studies.Results. From 1914 citations, 207 full-text articles were screened and 137 studies were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity observed in the studies selected, meta-analysis was not possible.Conclusion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate the potential use of dental stem cells in bone regeneration. However well-designed randomized animal trials are needed before moving into clinical trials.

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The Antimicrobial Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma against Dental Pathogens—A Systematic Review of In-Vitro Studies

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10020211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

Gert Jungbauer ◽

Dominick Moser ◽

Steffen Müller ◽

Wolfgang Pfister ◽

Anton Sculean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Atmospheric Plasma ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Cold Atmospheric Plasma

Interest in the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in the medical field has been increasing. Indications in dentistry are surface modifications and antimicrobial interventions. The antimicrobial effect of CAP is mainly attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. The aim of this article is to systematically review the available evidence from in-vitro studies on the antimicrobial effect of CAP on dental pathogens. A database search was performed (PubMed, Embase, Scopus). Data concerning the device parameters, experimental set-ups and microbial cultivation were extracted. The quality of the studies was evaluated using a newly designed assessment tool. 55 studies were included (quality score 31–92%). The reduction factors varied strongly among the publications although clusters could be identified between groups of set pathogen, working gases, and treatment time intervals. A time-dependent increase of the antimicrobial effect was observed throughout the studies. CAP may be a promising alternative for antimicrobial treatment in a clinically feasible application time. The introduced standardized protocol is able to compare the outcome and quality of in-vitro studies. Further studies, including multi-species biofilm models, are needed to specify the application parameters of CAP before CAP should be tested in randomized clinical trials.

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