scholarly journals Prevalence of Potential Drug–Drug Interaction Risk among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in a Spanish Hospital

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Gracia Santos-Díaz ◽  
Ana María Pérez-Pico ◽  
Miguel Ángel Suárez-Santisteban ◽  
Vanesa García-Bernalt ◽  
Raquel Mayordomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Spanish Hospital

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide and, in Spain, it is present in 15.1% of individuals. CKD is frequently associated with some comorbidities and patients need to be prescribed multiple medications. Polypharmacy increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). There are no published studies evaluating the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) among CKD patients in any European country. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and factors associated with pDDIs among CKD patients using a drug interactions program. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out at Plasencia Hospital, located in Spain. Data were collected among patients with CKD diagnoses and pDDIs were assessed by the Lexicomp® Drug Interactions platform. Data were obtained from 112 CKD patients. A total number of 957 prescribed medications were acknowledged, and 928 pDDIs were identified in 91% of patients. Age and concomitant drugs were significantly associated with the number of pDDIs (p < 0.05). According to the results, the use of programs for the determination of pDDIs (such as Lexicomp®) is recommended in the clinical practice of CKD patients in order to avoid serious adverse effects, as is paying attention to contraindicated drug combinations.

scholarly journals Determination of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated from pork, beef, and chicken meat at the retail markets in Hanoi

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-564
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Viet ◽  
Nghiem Ngoc Minh ◽  
Vo Thi Bich Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Retail Meats ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
And Control

Salmonella resistance to antimicrobials is a major health problem in the world. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolates from retail meats in Ha Noi and their susceptibility to 8 antimicrobials commonly used in the treatment and growth promotion in domestic livestocks in Vietnam. Salmonella was detected in 25/90 (27.8%) samples. Nine different serovars were identified, including S. Typhimurium (44%), S. Derby (16%), S. Warragul, S. Indiana, S. Rissen (8%), and S. London, Meleagridis, Give, Assine (4%). S. Typhimurium (44 %) is the most prevalent types. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was showed in 13 strains (52%). All isolates were 44% (11/25) resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, 32% (8/25) resistant to chloramphenicol. The multiple antimicrobial resistance accounted for 69.2% of isolates (9/13). All strains were susceptible to ceftazidime. This data indicated that the retail meats could constitute a source of human exposure to multidrug-resistant Salmonella and therefore could be considered a potential vehicle of resistant Salmonella foodborne diseases. There is an urgent need for surveillance and control programmes on Salmonella and use of antimicrobials in Vietnam to protect the health of consumers.

scholarly journals A clinical study of cutaneous and mucosal manifestations in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rafeek M. ◽  
Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Medical College

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic kidney disease is defined as presence of kidney damage, manifested by abnormal albumin excretion or decreased kidney function, quantified by measured or estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that persists for more than 3 months.<span>Chronic kidney disease is major health problem. Chronic kidney failure presents with an array of cutaneous manifestations. </span>The objective of the present study was to determine the pattern of muco-cutaneous manifestations of chronic renal failure on hemodialysis<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study done in the Dermatology &amp; Nephrology OPD of Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital from October 2014 to May 2016. About 38 consenting patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were chosen for the study. The demographic characteristics were included in the study and the clinical profile of the patient such as hematological investigation and renal function tests were assessed. KOH mount, skin biopsy, Woods lamp, Grams stain and culture &amp; sensitivity were done if needed after getting informed consent from the patients.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The most common cutaneous manifestations in haemodialysis patients were xerosis and uraemic pruritus. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Cutaneous manifestations like uraemic pruritus, Xerosis, Kyrle’s disease, infections, icthyosis &amp; other lesions were seen with Xerosis beimg the most common feature. At least one cutaneous manifestation is found in all CRF patients.</span></p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of potential drug–drug interactions among patients with chronic kidney disease in northeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Roland N. Okoro
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) may not manifest clinically in patients who are treated with multiple pharmaceutical agents, but when they do they can produce adverse outcomes. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the frequent use of multiple agents to manage this condition and its complications puts these patients at increased risk for DDIs. We determined the prevalence of pDDIs in CKD patients in two Nigerian hospitals and investigated possible predictors of pDDIs. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved patients with CKD who attended the nephrology unit of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital and the medical outpatients clinic of the State Specialist Hospital in Maiduguri, Nigeria. We collected prescriptions, clinical data and laboratory data from the medical files of patients seen between January 2013 and December 2017. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: The study included 201 patients. A total of 273 pDDIs were identified in 166 patients (83%). These pDDIs included 30 unique drug interactions, the most common being between ferrous sulphate and calcium carbonate (seen in 46% of patients with pDDIs), followed by lisinopril and furosemide (8%). The proportion of clinically significant interactions was only 2%. There was a positive association between pDDIs and the total number of drugs prescribed (P < 0.001).Conclusions: A high prevalence of pDDIs was documented among Nigerian patients with CKD. The bulk of the interactions were related to the co-prescription of ferrous sulphate and calcium carbonate. The total number of drugs prescribed was a significant predictor of pDDIs. We recommend routine screening of prescriptions of CKD patients for potential pDDIs.

scholarly journals Elevated alanine aminotransferase and low aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio are associated with chronic kidney disease among middle-aged women: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Akihiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to ALT ratio (AST/ALT ratio) have been shown to be related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or insulin resistance, which was associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear whether ALT and AST/ALT ratio are associated with CKD. In this study, we examined the relationship of ALT and AST/ALT ratio to CKD among middle-aged females in Japan. Methods The present study included 29,133 women aged 40 to 64 years who had an annual health checkup in Japan during April 2013 to March 2014. Venous blood samples were collected to measure ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and creatinine levels. In accordance with previous studies, ALT > 40 U/L and GGT > 50 U/L were determined as elevated, AST/ALT ratio < 1 was regarded as low, and CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for CKD. Results “Elevated ALT and elevated GGT” and “elevated ALT and non-elevated GGT” significantly increased the OR for CKD when compared with “non-elevated ALT and non-elevated GGT” (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 2.10–3.12 and OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.81–2.77). Compared with “AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1 and non-elevated GGT”, “AST/ALT ratio < 1 and elevated GGT” and “AST/ALT ratio < 1 and non-elevated GGT” significantly increased the OR for CKD (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.36–3.15 and OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.52–1.87). These findings still remained after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions Elevated ALT was associated with CKD regardless of GGT elevation. Moreover, low AST/ALT ratio was also associated with CKD independent of GGT elevation.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Composition Remains Stable in Individuals with Diabetes-Related Early to Late Stage Chronic Kidney Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ashani Lecamwasam ◽  
Tiffanie M. Nelson ◽  
Leni Rivera ◽  
Elif I. Ekinci ◽  
Richard Saffery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Late Stages

(1) Background: Individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease display gut dysbiosis when compared to healthy controls. However, it is unknown whether there is a change in dysbiosis across the stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease. We investigated a cross-sectional study of patients with early and late diabetes associated chronic kidney disease to identify possible microbial differences between these two groups and across each of the stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 95 adults. DNA extracted from collected stool samples were used for 16S rRNA sequencing to identify the bacterial community in the gut. (3) Results: The phylum Firmicutes was the most abundant and its mean relative abundance was similar in the early and late chronic kidney disease group, 45.99 ± 0.58% and 49.39 ± 0.55%, respectively. The mean relative abundance for family Bacteroidaceae, was also similar in the early and late group, 29.15 ± 2.02% and 29.16 ± 1.70%, respectively. The lower abundance of Prevotellaceae remained similar across both the early 3.87 ± 1.66% and late 3.36 ± 0.98% diabetic chronic kidney disease groups. (4) Conclusions: The data arising from our cohort of individuals with diabetes associated chronic kidney disease show a predominance of phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The families Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroidaceae represent the highest abundance, while the beneficial Prevotellaceae family were reduced in abundance. The most interesting observation is that the relative abundance of these gut microbes does not change across the early and late stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease, suggesting that this is an early event in the development of diabetes associated chronic kidney disease. We hypothesise that the dysbiotic microbiome acquired during the early stages of diabetic chronic kidney disease remains relatively stable and is only one of many risk factors that influence progressive kidney dysfunction.

scholarly journals FGF-23 and Phosphate in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kazakhstan

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Altynay Balmukhanova ◽  
Kairat Kabulbayev ◽  
Harika Alpay ◽  
Assiya Kanatbayeva ◽  
Aigul Balmukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Fgf 23 ◽  
Stage 1

Background and objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a complex medical and social issue around the world. One of the serious complications is mineral-bone disorder (CKD-MBD) which might determine the prognosis of patients and their quality of life. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a phosphaturic hormone which is involved in the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD. The purpose of the study was to determine what comes first in children with CKD: FGF-23 or phosphate. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 73 children aged 2–18 years with CKD stages 1–5. We measured FGF-23 and other bone markers in blood samples and studied their associations. Results: Early elevations of FGF-23 were identified in children with CKD stage 2 compared with stage 1 (1.6 (1.5–1.8) pmol/L versus 0.65 (0.22–1.08), p = 0.029). There were significant differences between the advanced stages of the disease. FGF-23 correlated with PTH (r = 0.807, p = 0.000) and phosphate (r = 0.473, p = 0.000). Our study revealed that the elevated level of FGF-23 went ahead hyperphosphatemia and elevated PTH. Thus, more than 50% of children with CKD stage 2 had the elevating level of serum FGF-23, and that index became increasing with the disease progression and it achieved 100% at the dialysis stage. The serum phosphate increased more slowly and only 70.6% of children with CKD stage 5 had the increased values. The PTH increase was more dynamic. Conclusions: FGF-23 is an essential biomarker, elevates long before other markers of bone metabolism (phosphate), and might represent a clinical course of disease.

Mucocutaneous manifestations of patients with chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis: A cross‐sectional study of 49 patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzam Tajalli ◽  
Seyed‐Mohamad‐Sadegh Mirahmadi ◽  
Samaneh Mozafarpoor ◽  
Azadeh Goodarzi ◽  
Mitra Nasiri Partovi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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