scholarly journals Methacryloyl-GlcNAc Derivatives Copolymerized with Dimethacrylamide as a Novel Antibacterial and Biocompatible Coating

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Max Borgolte ◽  
Oliver Riester ◽  
Tereza Kacerova ◽  
Simone Rentschler ◽  
Magnus S. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Functional Monomers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oligoethylene Glycol ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Cell Culture Methods

Improving medical implants with functional polymer coatings is an effective way to further improve the level of medical care. Antibacterial and biofilm-preventing properties are particularly desirable in the area of wound healing, since there is a generally high risk of infection, often with a chronic course in the case of biofilm formation. To prevent this we here report a polymeric design of polymer-bound N-acetyl-glucosamine-oligoethylene glycol residues that mimic a cationic, antibacterial, and biocompatible chitosan surface. The combination of easy to use, crosslinkable, thin, potentially 3D-printable polymethacrylate layering with antibacterial and biocompatible functional components will be particularly advantageous in the medical field to support a wide range of implants as well as wound dressings. Different polymers containing a N-acetylglucosamine-methacryloyl residue with oligoethylene glycol linkers and a methacryloyl benzophenone crosslinker were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The functional monomers and corresponding polymers were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The polymers showed no cytotoxic or antiadhesive effects on fibroblasts as demonstrated by extract and direct contact cell culture methods. Biofilm formation was reduced by up to 70% and antibacterial growth by 1.2 log, particularly for the 5% GlcNAc-4EG polymer, as observed for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive model pathogens.

PROTOPLAST AND CELL CULTURE METHODS IN SOMATIC HYBRIDIZATION IN HIGHER PLANTS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluf L. Gamborg ◽  
F. Constabel ◽  
L. Fowke ◽  
K. N. Kao ◽  
K. Ohyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cell Culture Methods ◽  
Made In

New advances have been made in the development of procedures for somatic cell hybridization in plants. The techniques involve plant tissue culture, whereby it is possible to grow cells of most plants under sterile conditions in chemically defined media. Somatic hybridization can be achieved by cell fusion. The procedure consists of a series of steps beginning with the production of plant protoplasts obtained by enzymatic removal of the cell walls. Hybrid cells from heterokaryons of a wide range of plant genera and families have been obtained after protoplast fusion and subsequent culturing, e.g. soybean-barley. An alternate method for transferring genetic information consists of feeding isolated DNA to protoplasts or to plant organs. Correction of biochemical lesions has been possible by such procedures. Some success has been achieved in growing plants from cultured cells and protoplasts. These methods may then be applied to obtain hybrid plants. Intergeneric hybrid plants thus obtained can subsequently be utilized in conventional plant breeding programs, and for genetic analyses.

Some Aspects of the Polyhexamethyleneguanidine Salts Effect on Cell Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mandygra ◽  
A. Lysytsia
Keyword(s):  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Membrane Bound Enzymes ◽  
Anion Type ◽  
Cell Culture Methods

Aim. To investigate the effect of polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) to eukaryotic cell culture. Methods. The passaged bovine tracheal cells culture (TCC) and primary culture of chicken embryo fi broblasts (FCE) were used in the experiments. TCC and FCE monolayers were treated with aqueous solutions of PHMG chloride or succinate. The method of PHMG polycation adsorption to the cells’ plasma membrane together with microscopy were applied. Results. The dependence of PHMG effect on the eukaryotic cells on the agent concentration, duration of exposure and the anion type has been fi xed. The PHMG concentration of 10 –5 per cent (0.1 μg/ml) never causes degradation of the previously formed cell monolayer, while the higher concentrations damage it. The conditions of the PHMG chloride and succinate’s negative effect on cell proliferation and inhibition of monolayer formation were determined. The hypothesis that under certain conditions PHMG stimulates the proliferative activity of the cells has been confi rmed. Stimulation may be associated with non-specifi c stress adaptation of cells. In this case, it is due to modifi cations of the cell membrane after PHMG adsorption to it. Conclusions. PHMG polycation binds with the membrane’s phosphoglycerides fi rmly and irreversibly. A portion of the lipids are removed from participation in the normal cellular processes at that. At the same time, the synthesis of new lipids and membrane-bound enzymes is probably accelerated. The phospholip ids’ neogenesis acceleration can stimulate mitosis under certain conditions. The obtained results can be used in the biotechnologies.

scholarly journals Anti-Biofilm Molecules Targeting Functional Amyloids

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Leticia Matilla-Cuenca ◽  
Alejandro Toledo-Arana ◽  
Jaione Valle
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Functional Amyloids ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

The choice of an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of biofilm-related infections is a significant issue. Amyloids, which have been historically related to human diseases, are now considered to be prevailing structural components of the biofilm matrix in a wide range of bacteria. This assumption creates the potential for an exciting research area, in which functional amyloids are considered to be attractive targets for drug development to dissemble biofilm structures. The present review describes the best-characterized bacterial functional amyloids and focuses on anti-biofilm agents that target intrinsic and facultative amyloids. This study provides a better understanding of the different modes of actions of the anti-amyloid molecules to inhibit biofilm formation. This information can be further exploited to improve the therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-related infections.

scholarly journals One-step preparation of antimicrobial silicone materials based on PDMS and salicylic acid: insights from spatially and temporally resolved techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Barbieri ◽  
Ioritz Sorzabal Bellido ◽  
Alison J. Beckett ◽  
Ian A. Prior ◽  
Jo Fothergill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
One Step

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a one-step strategy that is suitable for continuous flow manufacturing of antimicrobial PDMS materials. The process is based on the intrinsic capacity of PDMS to react to certain organic solvents, which enables the incorporation of antimicrobial actives such as salicylic acid (SA), which has been approved for use in humans within pharmaceutical products. By combining different spectroscopic and imaging techniques, we show that the surface properties of PDMS remain unaffected while high doses of the SA are loaded inside the PDMS matrix. The SA can be subsequently released under physiological conditions, delivering a strong antibacterial activity. Furthermore, encapsulation of SA inside the PDMS matrix ensured a diffusion-controlled release that was tracked by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance IR (ATR-IR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The biological activity of the new material was evaluated directly at the surface and in the planktonic state against model pathogenic bacteria, combining confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and cell viability assays. The results showed complete planktonic inhibition for clinically relevant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and a reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude for viable sessile cells, demonstrating the efficacy of these surfaces in preventing the initial stages of biofilm formation. Our approach adds a new option to existing strategies for the antimicrobial functionalisation of a wide range of products such as catheters, wound dressings and in-dwelling medical devices based on PDMS.

scholarly journals Marine Polysaccharides as a Versatile Biomass for the Construction of Nano Drug Delivery Systems

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Xiaoli Ma ◽  
Hao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Polysaccharide

Marine biomass is a treasure trove of materials. Marine polysaccharides have the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, low cost, and abundance. An enormous variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine organisms such as algae, crustaceans, and microorganisms. The most studied marine polysaccharides include chitin, chitosan, alginates, hyaluronic acid, fucoidan, carrageenan, agarose, and Ulva. Marine polysaccharides have a wide range of applications in the field of biomedical materials, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings, and sensors. The drug delivery system (DDS) can comprehensively control the distribution of drugs in the organism in space, time, and dosage, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of drugs, reducing costs, and reducing toxic side effects. The nano-drug delivery system (NDDS), due to its small size, can function at the subcellular level in vivo. The marine polysaccharide-based DDS combines the advantages of polysaccharide materials and nanotechnology, and is suitable as a carrier for different pharmaceutical preparations. This review summarizes the advantages and drawbacks of using marine polysaccharides to construct the NDDS and describes the preparation methods and modification strategies of marine polysaccharide-based nanocarriers.

Cell Culture Methods to Evaluate the Biocompatibility of Implant Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ciapetti ◽  
Elisabetta Cenni ◽  
Daniela Cavedagna ◽  
Loredana Pratelli ◽  
Arturo Pizzoferrato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Compatibility Of Materials ◽  
Cell Culture Methods

Cell culture techniques are usually used in the field of biomaterials research and development in order to detect toxic components. Morphological assays are the most widely used methods and give the very first information about the biological compatibility of materials. Cell function assays give more quantitative data, but the comparison of data between different laboratories is difficult. Some of the cell culture methods that are used for biocompatibility studies are described briefly here, and results from our laboratory are reported. Despite some inherent limitations of the cell culture techniques, they are an accurate and reliable method of predicting the biological compatibility of materials to be implanted in vivo.

scholarly journals Fructose Enhanced Reduction of Bacterial Growth on Nanorough Surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 1498 ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gozde Durmus ◽  
Erik N. Taylor ◽  
Kim M. Kummer ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Stimulation ◽  
Antibacterial Surfaces ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTBiofilms are a major source of medical device-associated infections, due to their persistent growth and antibiotic resistance. Recent studies have shown that engineering surface nanoroughness has great potential to create antibacterial surfaces. In addition, stimulation of bacterial metabolism increases the efficacy of antibacterial agents to eradicate biofilms. In this study, we combined the antibacterial effects of nanorough topographies with metabolic stimulation (i.e., fructose metabolites) to further decrease bacterial growth on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces, without using antibiotics. We showed for the first time that the presence of fructose on nanorough PVC surfaces decreased planktonic bacteria growth and biofilm formation after 24 hours. Most importantly, a 60% decrease was observed on nanorough PVC surfaces soaked in a 10 mM fructose solution compared to conventional PVC surfaces. In this manner, this study demonstrated that bacteria growth can be significantly decreased through the combined use of fructose and nanorough surfaces and thus should be further studied for a wide range of antibacterial applications.

scholarly journals Specific Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Surface-Associated Behaviors by Two c-di-GMP Diguanylate Cyclases

mBio ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H. Merritt ◽  
Dae-Gon Ha ◽  
Kimberly N. Cowles ◽  
Wenyun Lu ◽  
Diana K. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Diguanylate Cyclase ◽  
Flagellar Motility ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Cyclic Diguanylate ◽  
Critical Signal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT The signaling nucleotide cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) regulates the transition between motile and sessile growth in a wide range of bacteria. Understanding how microbes control c-di-GMP metabolism to activate specific pathways is complicated by the apparent multifold redundancy of enzymes that synthesize and degrade this dinucleotide, and several models have been proposed to explain how bacteria coordinate the actions of these many enzymes. Here we report the identification of a diguanylate cyclase (DGC), RoeA, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that promotes the production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and contributes to biofilm formation, that is, the transition from planktonic to surface-dwelling cells. Our studies reveal that RoeA and the previously described DGC SadC make distinct contributions to biofilm formation, controlling polysaccharide production and flagellar motility, respectively. Measurement of total cellular levels of c-di-GMP in ∆roeA and ∆sadC mutants in two different genetic backgrounds revealed no correlation between levels of c-di-GMP and the observed phenotypic output with regard to swarming motility and EPS production. Our data strongly argue against a model wherein changes in total levels of c-di-GMP can account for the specific surface-related phenotypes of P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE A critical question in the study of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signaling is how the bacterial cell integrates contributions of multiple c-di-GMP-metabolizing enzymes to mediate its cognate functional outputs. One leading model suggests that the effects of c-di-GMP must, in part, be localized subcellularly. The data presented here show that the phenotypes controlled by two different diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes have discrete outputs despite the same total level of c-di-GMP. These data support and extend the model in which localized c-di-GMP signaling likely contributes to coordination of the action of the multiple proteins involved in the synthesis, degradation, and/or binding of this critical signal.

scholarly journals Blocking of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by a Fish Protein Coating

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 3551-3558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Munk Vejborg ◽  
Per Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Muscle Extract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inert Surfaces

ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilm formation on inert surfaces is a significant health and economic problem in a wide range of environmental, industrial, and medical areas. Bacterial adhesion is generally a prerequisite for this colonization process and, thus, represents an attractive target for the development of biofilm-preventive measures. We have previously found that the preconditioning of several different inert materials with an aqueous fish muscle extract, composed primarily of fish muscle α-tropomyosin, significantly discourages bacterial attachment and adhesion to these surfaces. Here, this proteinaceous coating is characterized with regards to its biofilm-reducing properties by using a range of urinary tract infectious isolates with various pathogenic and adhesive properties. The antiadhesive coating significantly reduced or delayed biofilm formation by all these isolates under every condition examined. The biofilm-reducing activity did, however, vary depending on the substratum physicochemical characteristics and the environmental conditions studied. These data illustrate the importance of protein conditioning layers with respect to bacterial biofilm formation and suggest that antiadhesive proteins may offer an attractive measure for reducing or delaying biofilm-associated infections.

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