scholarly journals Role of Pascalization in Milk Processing and Preservation: A Potential Alternative towards Sustainable Food Processing

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Muhmmad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai ◽  
Muhammad Adil Farooq ◽  
Syeda Aiman Ashfaq ◽  
Sonia Khan ◽  
Adnan Khaliq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Milk Processing

Renewed technology has created a demand for foods which are natural in taste, minimally processed, and safe for consumption. Although thermal processing, such as pasteurization and sterilization, effectively limits pathogenic bacteria, it alters the aroma, flavor, and structural properties of milk and milk products. Nonthermal technologies have been used as an alternative to traditional thermal processing technology and have the ability to provide safe and healthy dairy products without affecting their nutritional composition and organoleptic properties. Other than nonthermal technologies, infrared spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique and may also be used for predicting the shelf life and microbial loads in milk. This review explains the role of pascalization or nonthermal techniques such as high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound (US), ultraviolet (UV), cold plasma treatment, membrane filtration, micro fluidization, and infrared spectroscopy in milk processing and preservation.

Potential of Functionalized Magnetite (Fe3O4) in Decontamination of Pathogenic Bacteria from Milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1014
Author(s):  
Aneela Hameed Aneela Hameed ◽  
Hafiza Mehvish Mushtaq Hafiza Mehvish Mushtaq ◽  
Saeed Akhtar Saeed Akhtar ◽  
Tariq Ismail Tariq Ismail ◽  
Majid Hussain Majid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Co Precipitation

Magnetite (Fe3O4) is getting popular due to its super-paramagnetic properties, high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity to humans. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have high surface energy thus these nanoparticles aggregate quickly. This aggregation strongly affects the efficiency of these nanoparticles. So these magnetite nanoparticles are coated with organic or inorganic substance to prevent aggregation. These coatings not only stabilize magnetic nanoparticles but can also be used for further functionalization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of functionalized magnetite to remove pathogenic bacteria (E.coli and B.cereus) from milk considering binding capability of magnetite with bacterial cell wall. Magnetite (Fe3O4) was prepared by co-precipitation method and subsequently functionalized with oleic acid (OA) and ethylene diamine (EDA). In present study role of magnetite (Fe3O4) and functionalized magnetite (EDA-Fe3O4, OA-Fe3O4) in removal of pathogenic bacteria (E.coli and B.cereus) from milk was investigated. The morphology of functionalized magnetite was determined by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). Their removal efficiency was studied based on time (10, 20 and 30 minutes). Concentration of uncoated magnetite (Fe3O4) and coated magnetite (EDA-Fe3O4, OA-Fe3O4) was fixed at 4mg/50mL. Magnetite was successfully synthesized in range of and#177;3nm. Highest capturing efficiency (74.45%) of oleic acid magnetite (OA-Fe3O4) was observed for Bacillus cereus at 30 minutes. However for Escherichia coli, both ethylene-diamine magnetite (EDA-Fe3O4) and oleic acid magnetite (OA-Fe3O4) showed maximum capturing efficiency (61.65% and 63.91% respectively). It was concluded from the study that magnetite coated with oleic acid and ethylenediamine removed pathogenic bacteria from milk efficiently. However, more research is required to study the effect of these magnetic nanoparticles on nutritional composition of milk.

Bioenhancing Effect of Cow Urine Distillate and Pepper Extract on Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3212-3214
Author(s):  
Pramod Dhakal ◽  
Ankit a Achary ◽  
Vedamurthy Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Cow Urine

Bioenhancers are drug facilitator which do not show the typical drug activity but in combination to enhance the activity of other molecule in several way including increase the bioavailability of drug across the membrane, potentiating the drug molecules by conformational interaction, acting as receptor for drug molecules and making target cell more receptive to drugs and promote and increase the bioactivity or bioavailability or the uptake of drugs in combination therapy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and activity of combination in Azadirachta indica extract with cow urine distillate and pepper extract against common pathogenic bacteria, a causative agent of watery diarrhea. It has been found that Indian indigenous cow urine and its distillate also possess bioenhancing ability. Bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate (CUD) and pepper extract was investigated on antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract neem alone and in combination with CUD and pepper extract were determined the ATCC strains against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E-coli by cup plate diffusion method. Ethanol extract of neem has showed more effect on P. aeruginosa, E-coli than S. aureus and K. pneumonia with combination of CUD and pepper extract. CUD and pepper did not show any inhibition of test bacteria in low concentration. The antibacterial effect of combination of extract and CUD was higher than the inhibition caused by extract alone and is suggestive of the bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate and pepper. Moreover, inhibition of test bacteria was observed with less concentration of extract on combining with CUD

scholarly journals The SOS Error-Prone DNA Polymerase V Mutasome and β-Sliding Clamp Acting in Concert on Undamaged DNA and during Translesion Synthesis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Adhirath Sikand ◽  
Malgorzata Jaszczur ◽  
Linda B. Bloom ◽  
Roger Woodgate ◽  
Michael M. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Translesion Dna Synthesis ◽  
Sliding Clamp ◽  
Pol V ◽  
Dna Polymerase V ◽  
Acting In Concert

In the mid 1970s, Miroslav Radman and Evelyn Witkin proposed that Escherichia coli must encode a specialized error-prone DNA polymerase (pol) to account for the 100-fold increase in mutations accompanying induction of the SOS regulon. By the late 1980s, genetic studies showed that SOS mutagenesis required the presence of two “UV mutagenesis” genes, umuC and umuD, along with recA. Guided by the genetics, decades of biochemical studies have defined the predicted error-prone DNA polymerase as an activated complex of these three gene products, assembled as a mutasome, pol V Mut = UmuD’2C-RecA-ATP. Here, we explore the role of the β-sliding processivity clamp on the efficiency of pol V Mut-catalyzed DNA synthesis on undamaged DNA and during translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Primer elongation efficiencies and TLS were strongly enhanced in the presence of β. The results suggest that β may have two stabilizing roles: its canonical role in tethering the pol at a primer-3’-terminus, and a possible second role in inhibiting pol V Mut’s ATPase to reduce the rate of mutasome-DNA dissociation. The identification of umuC, umuD, and recA homologs in numerous strains of pathogenic bacteria and plasmids will ensure the long and productive continuation of the genetic and biochemical journey initiated by Radman and Witkin.

scholarly journals Exploring Mucin as Adjunct to Phage Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Amanda Carroll-Portillo ◽  
Henry C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Phage Cocktail ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis

Conventional phage therapy using bacteriophages (phages) for specific targeting of pathogenic bacteria is not always useful as a therapeutic for gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Complex dysbiotic GI disorders such as small intestinal bowel overgrowth (SIBO), ulcerative colitis (UC), or Crohn’s disease (CD) are even more difficult to treat as these conditions have shifts in multiple populations of bacteria within the microbiome. Such community-level structural changes in the gut microbiota may require an alternative to conventional phage therapy such as fecal virome transfer or a phage cocktail capable of targeting multiple bacterial species. Additionally, manipulation of the GI microenvironment may enhance beneficial bacteria–phage interactions during treatment. Mucin, produced along the entire length of the GI tract to protect the underlying mucosa, is a prominent contributor to the GI microenvironment and may facilitate bacteria–phage interactions in multiple ways, potentially serving as an adjunct during phage therapy. In this review, we will describe what is known about the role of mucin within the GI tract and how its facilitation of bacteria–phage interactions should be considered in any effort directed at optimizing effectiveness of a phage therapy for gastrointestinal dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Exploring the possibilities of infrared spectroscopy for urine sediment examination and detection of pathogenic bacteria in urinary tract infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759-1767
Author(s):  
Mieke Steenbeke ◽  
Sander De Bruyne ◽  
Jerina Boelens ◽  
Matthijs Oyaert ◽  
Griet Glorieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, the possibilities of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for analysis of urine sediments and for detection of bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) were investigated.MethodsDried urine specimens of control subjects and patients presenting with various nephrological and urological conditions were analysed using mid-infrared spectroscopy (4,000–400 cm−1). Urine samples from patients with a UTI were inoculated on a blood agar plate. After drying of the pure bacterial colonies, FTIR was applied and compared with the results obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Chemometric data analysis was used to classify the different species.ResultsDue to the typical molecular assignments of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, FTIR was able to identify bacteria and showed promising results in the detection of proteins, lipids, white and red blood cells, as well as in the identification of crystals. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive species and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) revealed promising classification ratios between the different pathogens.ConclusionsFTIR can be considered as a supplementary method for urine sediment examination and for detection of pathogenic bacteria in UTI.

scholarly journals hfqPlays Important Roles in Virulence and Stress Adaptation in Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 2089-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongok Kim ◽  
Hyelyeon Hwang ◽  
Kwang-Pyo Kim ◽  
Hyunjin Yoon ◽  
Dong-Hyun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flagellar Biosynthesis

Cronobacterspp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis with high mortality in neonates. Despite the peril associated withCronobacterinfection, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are still being unraveled. Hfq, which is known as an RNA chaperone, participates in the interaction with bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) to regulate posttranscriptionally the expression of various genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that Hfq contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous species of bacteria, and its roles are varied between bacterial species. Here, we tried to elucidate the role of Hfq inC. sakazakiivirulence. In the absence ofhfq,C. sakazakiiwas highly attenuated in disseminationin vivo, showed defects in invasion (3-fold) into animal cells and survival (103-fold) within host cells, and exhibited low resistance to hydrogen peroxide (102-fold). Remarkably, the loss ofhfqled to hypermotility on soft agar, which is contrary to what has been observed in other pathogenic bacteria. The hyperflagellated bacteria were likely to be attributable to the increased transcription of genes associated with flagellar biosynthesis in a strain lackinghfq. Together, these data strongly suggest thathfqplays important roles in the virulence ofC. sakazakiiby participating in the regulation of multiple genes.

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