scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Biostimulants Extracted from Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica) Enhances Early Maize Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Hande Mutlu-Durak ◽  
Bahar Yildiz Kutman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Willow Bark ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Salix Babylonica

Biostimulants can be used as innovative and promising agents to address current needs of sustainable agriculture. Weeping willow tree (Salix babylonica) extracts are rich in many bioactive compounds, including, but not limited, to salicylates and phenolics. In this study, the potential of willow bark (WB) and willow leaf (WL) extracts is evaluated as plant-based biostimulants to improve the early growth of maize (Zea mays) under control and salinity stress conditions. In 3 days, seed treatment with salicylic acid and willow extract increased the shoot FW of maize seedlings 130% and 225%, respectively. The root area was, on average, enhanced by 43% with SA and 87% with willow extract applications. Moreover, these extracts increased the leaf protein concentration and reduced the negative effects of salinity during early growth. Reductions in lipid peroxidation and specific activities of antioxidative enzymes by seed treatments with willow extracts suggests a mitigation of salinity-induced oxidative stress. For most reported traits, WL applications were at least as effective as WB applications. Results indicate that aqueous extracts of weeping willow leaves, as well as bark, can be used as seed treatment agents with biostimulant activity to improve seedling growth and establishment under control and stress conditions.

Differential expression of leaf proteome of tolerant and susceptible maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes in response to multiple abiotic stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
Suphia Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
The Given ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In the present work, tropical maize genotypes were evaluated for multiple stresses (drought × low-N and waterlogging × low-N) applied simultaneously to 30-day-old maize seedlings. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to examine the protein changes induced by combined stress, in leaves, of tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Moreover, physiological and biochemical parameters were assessed to understand the physiological status of tolerant and susceptible genotypes under combined stress. The results show that up-regulated proteins of the tolerant genotype have a significant role in activating defense response, restoration of plant growth, and to maintain metabolic homeostasis under stressful conditions. Therefore, they contribute to improve and maintain the state of acclimation of the genotype under stress. Alternatively in the susceptible genotype, the up-regulated proteins are representative biomarkers of stress or are involved in the defense against pathogens and efforts to maintain energy metabolism. Thus, protecting the survival of the genotype under multiple stress conditions. We conclude that depending on the given stress treatment, tolerant and susceptible genotypes differed in stress-enduring approaches. Therefore, the study provides insight to comprehend the response of tolerant and susceptible genotypes under combined stress conditions, which could be valuable for further research and will demonstrate that it is advantageous to select combined stress-tolerant genotypes.

Comparison of lactational responses of dairy cows in Georgia and Israel to heat load and photoperiod

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aharoni ◽  
O. Ravagnolo ◽  
I. Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Good Match ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe seasonal effects of heat load and photoperiod on yield and composition of milk from primiparous cows in the course of lactation were studied using test day records from 8968 primiparous cows on 76 farms in Georgia, collected from 1990 through 1997. The effect of prepartum photoperiod on milk production in the subsequent lactation of these cows was also evaluated. These estimated seasonal effects were compared with those estimated for 4728 primiparous cows on 13 farms, and for 1538 multiparous cows on three farms during consecutive lactations in Israel from 1994 through 1996. During lactation, the day length had a positive effect on milk yield and negative effects on fat and protein concentrations in the milk, but the daily change in day length had positive effects on milk yield and fat concentration, and a smaller positive effect on protein concentration. The day length during the prepartum period had negative effects on milk yield and fat and protein concentrations. The heat load during lactation had negative effects on milk yield and fat and protein concentrations. Most of the effects were highly (P < 0·001) significant. There was a very good match between the results obtained for primiparous cows in Georgia and Israel, for the combined effects of heat load and photoperiod during lactation on milk yield and protein and fat concentrations. The match between primiparous and multiparous cows in Israel was better for milk yield and protein concentration than for fat concentration. The estimated effects of pre-partum photoperiod were higher for multiparous cows in Israel than for primiparous cows in either country.

scholarly journals Knockdown of Cytochrome P450 Genes Gh_D07G1197 and Gh_A13G2057 on Chromosomes D07 and A13 Reveals Their Putative Role in Enhancing Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Odongo Magwanga ◽  
Pu Lu ◽  
Joy Nyangasi Kirungu ◽  
Qi Dong ◽  
Xiaoyan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tetraploid Cotton ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

We identified 672, 374, and 379 CYPs proteins encoded by the CYPs genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum, respectively. The genes were found to be distributed in all 26 chromosomes of the tetraploid cotton, with chrA05, chrA12, and their homeolog chromosomes harboring the highest number of genes. The physiochemical properties of the proteins encoded by the CYP450 genes varied in terms of their protein lengths, molecular weight, isoelectric points (pI), and even grand hydropathy values (GRAVY). However, over 99% of the cotton proteins had GRAVY values below 0, which indicated that the majority of the proteins encoded by the CYP450 genes were hydrophilic in nature, a common property of proteins encoded by stress-responsive genes. Moreover, through the RNA interference (RNAi) technique, the expression levels of Gh_D07G1197 and Gh_A13G2057 were suppressed, and the silenced plants showed a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with a significant reduction in the concentration levels of glutathione (GSH), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and proline compared to the wild types under drought and salt stress conditions. Furthermore, the stress-responsive genes 1-Pyrroline–5-Carboxylate Synthetase (GhP5CS), superoxide dismutase (GhSOD), and myeloblastosis (GhMYB) were downregulated in VIGS plants, but showed upregulation in the leaf tissues of the wild types under drought and salt stress conditions. In addition, CYP450-silenced cotton plants exhibited a high level of oxidative injury due to high levels of oxidant enzymes, in addition to negative effects on CMS, ELWL, RLWC, and chlorophyll content The results provide the basic foundation for future exploration of the proteins encoded by the CYP450 genes in order to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance in plants.

Ecology of parasitism of nestling American kestrels by Carnus hemapterus (Diptera: Carnidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Dawson ◽  
Gary R. Bortolotti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
North Central ◽  
American Kestrel ◽  
American Kestrels ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Carnus Hemapterus ◽  
Basic Biology

Little is known about the basic biology of Carnus hemapterus (Diptera: Carnidae), a haematophagous parasite of nestling birds. We therefore explored the patterns of C. hemapterus infestations by repeatedly examining American kestrel (Falco sparverius) nestlings from 50 nests in north-central Saskatchewan. Most infestations occurred before chicks were 12 days old and were more frequent early in the breeding season. Nestlings from larger broods had higher prevalences of C. hemapterus, but we did not detect differences in intensity of infestations between broods of different sizes. Within broods up to 5 days old, the heaviest nestlings were preferentially infested by C. hemapterus. Although evidence suggests that ectoparasite infestations are harmful to hosts, we did not detect any mortality attributable to C. hemapterus. Similarly, we did not observe negative effects of C. hemapterus infestations on nestling mass, length of the tenth primary flight feather, haematocrit, or total plasma protein concentration at 24 days old.

scholarly journals In-furrow inoculation of soybean as alternative to fungicide and micronutrient seed treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens José Campo ◽  
Ricardo Silva Araujo ◽  
Fábio Luís Mostasso ◽  
Mariangela Hungria
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Biological N2 Fixation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
First Time ◽  
Liquid Inoculant

Soybean is a major grain crop in Brazil, and yields can be considerably improved by inoculation with selected Bradyrhizobium strains. However, the incompatibility between inoculation and seed treatments with fungicides and micronutrients represents a major barrier to the achievement of high rates of biological N2 fixation. Inoculation practices that can alleviate the negative effects of agrochemicals must therefore be found and in-furrow inoculation seems to be an attractive alternative. This study reports the results of seven field experiments conducted in three growing seasons in Brazil; three in soils previously cropped with inoculated soybean (> 10(4) cells g-1 of soil of Bradyrhizobium), and four in areas where the crop was sown for the first time (< 10² cells g-1 of soil of Bradyrhizobium). The compatibility with fungicides and micronutrients was compared in seeds inoculated with peat or liquid inoculants, or treated with different doses of liquid inoculant in-furrow. In areas with established Bradyrhizobium populations, seed-applied agrochemicals did generally not affect nodulation, but also did not increase yields, while inoculation always increased N grain accumulation or yield, and N fertilizer decreased both nodulation and yield. Where soybean was sown for the first time, the seed treatment with agrochemicals affected nodulation when applied together with peat or liquid inoculant. In-furrow inoculation alleviated the effects of seed treatment with agrochemicals; the best performance was achieved with high Bradyrhizobium cell concentrations, with up to 2.5 million cells seed-1.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of inoculated soybean in extinguishing soil

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Nagy ◽  
Péter Pepó ◽  
Lajosné Mándi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Core Saturation ◽  
Soybean Nodule ◽  
Technological Methods

In order to achieve higher yields, better technological methods offered in the current market, which aims to help the producers in the realization. To guarantee good yield because more and more people try with a variety of products, but you have to make the expected impact falls short.In this experiment, the following results were obtained: the soil suspension closely related to the inoculum of seed or seed treatment,which affects the soybean nodule formation, core saturation, and yield and protein-oil indicators. The soil suspension composition may exert positive and negative effects, which depend on how bacterial strains inoculum combined on the soybean seed surface. It is shown in our experiment very well, that between inoculum and inoculum as well as inoculum and seed treatment materials may be antagonism which setback to the soybean nodules formation and the yield, but not worsen the protein-oil indicators.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Accumulation in Rice Variety Kainat Irrigated with Canal Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13739
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Asim Mansha ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Farah Tariq ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Metal Levels

Due to the rapid increase in industrial and urban areas, environmental pollution is increasing worldwide, causing unwanted changes in the air, water, and soil at biological, physical, and chemical levels, ultimately causing negative effects for living things. This work was performed in Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan, and examined and measured heavy metal levels in various plant parts of the rice (Oryza sativa) variety Kainat (roots, shoots, and grains) with results been set in relation to the soil around the root area. The samples were taken from five different sites. The mean level of trace metals (mg/kg) in grains was soil-dependent and varied from cadmium (Cd) (2.49–5.52), zinc (Zn) (5.8–10.78), copper (Cu) (4.82–7.85), cobalt (Co) (1.48–6.52), iron (Fe) (8.68–14.73), manganese (Mn) (6.87–13.93), and nickel (Ni) (2.3–8.34). Excluding Cd, the absorption of all metals under inspection was recorded within permissible limits, as recommended by the FAO and WHO. The pollution load index for Cd was highest at all sites. The enrichment coefficient of Co, Cd, and Cu were greater. The bioaccumulation factor at all studied sites was present, in order: Cu ˃ Zn ˃ Fe ˃ Mn ˃ Co ˃ Ni ˃ Cd. The translocation factor was present at five different sites: Mn ˃ Fe ˃ Cu ˃ Zn ˃ Co ˃ Cd ˃ Ni. The health risk index of all inspected metals was lower than 1 and was within safe limits. The higher pollution of Cd suggested maintenance of rice crop is recommended, decreasing health risks in humans.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL AND SEED TREATMENT EFFECTS ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF INDIAN PAINTBRUSH

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100b-1100
Author(s):  
Pamela Borden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Germination And Growth

Indian Paintbrush (genus Castilleja) is a group of attractive wildflowers in which some species are facultative parasites on native grasses during early growth. This study hopes to characterize optimum germination, cultural and host requirements of several species. Lots of 100 seed of wild-collected Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. produced 22% germination without pre-treatment or presence of host plants 10 days after seeding at 21°C with 12 hours light. Seed soaked 24 hours in distilled water, 10 mg/l GA3 or-post-plant treated with Regal Crown nutrient and growth regulator soluotion did not significantly differ from above. Moist stratification at 4°C for 20 days significantly increased germination to 46%. Further stratification (up to 80 days) did not further increase germination. Additional data on light, temperature, media and presence of host plants will also be presented for this and other species.

scholarly journals Effects of benzyladenine and α-naphthaleneacetic acid on the early growth phase of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T4) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Ut Van Le ◽  
Mai Thi Bach Vo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pineapple Fruit ◽  
Early Growth Phase

In this study, benzyladenine (BA) and α- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) are used to study the growth of pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) in the early growth phase. Pineapple fruits are sprayed with BA or NAA at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg.L-1) at both 0 and 3 days after flowering (DAF, 50 % dried flowers). Fruits are sampled every 15 days from 0 to 75 days to survey to weight, size and qualities of pineaple fruit. Besides, fruits (which are sprayed with BA or NAA at concentration 20 mg.L-1) are sampled at 15 days for the cell size observation. The results showed that the treatments with three highest concentration of BA or NAA (20, 40 và 60 mg.L-1) significantly increased fruit weights and fruit sizes. Exogenous BA or NAA at the concentration 20 mg.L-1 increased the fruit weights by increasing the number of flesh cells without negative effects on fruit qualities.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Acetylcholinesterase activity of honey bees in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Pandey ◽  
Shankar Gotame ◽  
Sachin Sejuwal ◽  
Basant Giri ◽  
Susma Giri
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Lowry Assay ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Bee Colonies

AbstractDecline in honey bee colonies possess a serious threat to biodiversity and agriculture. Prior detection of the stresses with the help of biomarkers and their management ensures honey bee’s survivability. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a promising biomarker to monitor exposure of honey bees towards environmental pollutants. In this preliminary study, we measured AChE activity in forager honey bees collected from six districts of Nepal, Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Chitwan, Rupandehi and Pyuthan during autumn and winter seasons. We estimated AChE tissue and specific activities from bee’s heads using commercial kit based on Ellman assay and protein concentration using Lowry assay. In total, we collected 716 foragers belonging to A. cerana, A. mellifera and A. dorsata. A significant increase in all three parameters measured: AChE tissue activity, AChE specific activity and protein concentration was observed in winter samples. Both AChE tissue and specific activities were lower in A. mellifera compared to either A. cerana or A. dorsata. Protein concentration was higher in A. mellifera than in A. dorsata and lower than in A. cerana. We show correlation between both AChE tissue and specific activities and protein concentration across season and species and discuss possible factors contributing to the observations. Our results clearly indicate the presence of stress in the winter which is manifested through overexpression of the AChE. We recommend a detailed study to determine the factors accountable for the stresses for better management of honey bees in Nepal.

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