scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from the Humiria balsamifera (Aubl)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Edelson de J. S. Dias ◽  
Antônio J. Cantanhede Filho ◽  
Fernando J. C. Carneiro ◽  
Cláudia Q. da Rocha ◽  
Luís Cláudio N. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Polarity Index ◽  
New Treatments

Humiria balsamifera (Aubl), commonly known as “mirim”, is a plant of the Humiriaceae family, which consists of 39 species divided between eight genera: Duckesia, Endopleura, Humiria, Humiriastrum, Hylocara, Sacoglottis, Schistostemon, and Vantenea. This study aimed to characterize H. balsamifera extracts by LC-MS/MS and evaluate their antimicrobial potential through in vitro and in vivo assays. The leaves and stem bark of H. balsamifera were collected and dried at room temperature and then ground in a knife mill. The extracts were prepared with organic solvents in order to increase the polarity index (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). The antimicrobial effects of these extracts were evaluated against the following bacterial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium ATCC 14028, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The best activity was observed in the ethyl acetate (EALE = 780 µg/mL), methanol (MLE = 780 µg/mL), and hexane (HLE = 1560 µg/mL) leaf extracts against S. aureus. Considering the results for both antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, the EALE extract was chosen to proceed to the infection assays, which used Tenebrio molitor larvae. The EALE treatment was able to extend the average lifespan of the larvae (6.5 days) in comparison to S. aureus-infected larvae (1 day). Next, the samples were characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, allowing the identification of 11 substances, including seven flavonoids, substances whose antimicrobial activity is already well-reported in the literature. The number of bioactive compounds found in the chemical composition of H. balsamifera emphasizes its significance in both traditional medicine and scientific research that studies new treatments based on substances from the Brazilian flora.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of Ulva lactuca Linn. (Green algae) associated endophytic bacterial Strains

2016 ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Habbu ◽  
Vijayanand Warad ◽  
Rajesh Shastri ◽  
Chetan Savant ◽  
Smita Madagundi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Bacterial Strains

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M Pawaskar ◽  
◽  
K. C. Sasangan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

scholarly journals In vitro Assessment of Bacterial Strains Associated with Microalgae as Potential Probiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimi Zabidi ◽  
Natasya-Ain Rosland ◽  
Jasmin Yaminudin ◽  
Murni Karim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Bacteria and microalgae are essential elements in the aquatic ecosystem, co-existing and having constant interactions with each other which help microalgae to exert its beneficial effect as probiotics in aquaculture. This research aims to isolate and identify potential probiotics from different species of microalgae and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Vibrio spp. via series of in vitro assays; disc diffusion, well diffusion, and co-culture assays. A total of 18 bacterial strains were isolated from five species of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Amphora sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Spirulina sp.. The isolated strains were tested in in vitro antagonistic assay against four Vibrio spp. (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Seventeen strains demonstrated antimicrobial activity with the highest inhibition was observed by strain SPS11 against V. parahaemolyticus (12.6 ± 0.36 mm) in disc diffusion assay and strain NAS32 showed 13.2 ± 0.45 mm clear zone against V. vulnificus in well diffusion assay. In co-culture assay, both the SPS11 and NAS32 were able to reduce the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi at concentration of 106 and 108 CFU mL-1, respectively. Strains SPS11 and NAS32 were characterized as gram positive bacteria with rod shape and further identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis (SPS11) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (NAS32) using 16s rRNA. These two strains should be further studied in in vivo challenged experiments in fish and shellfish to explore their probiotic effects.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibition of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas efflux pump by Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Jeremiah John Oloche ◽  
◽  
Bolaji Bosede Oluremi ◽  
Temiloluwa Oyindamola Koya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica

Global health is under constant threat due to antimicrobial drug resistance. Bacterial Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of importance because of their antibiotics resistance. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (XA) on multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas isolates. Fresh samples of XA leaf, stem bark and roots were collected from the botanical garden, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Dried and pulverized samples were extracted with methanol and partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed by standard methods. Antimicrobial activity and synergistic interaction were determined using microdilution and checkerboard broth dilution methods, respectively. The results revealed that crude methanol extracts of XA leaf, stem bark and root significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the growth of all tested MDR Pseudomonas isolates at 10 mg/mL. At 1 mg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf, and dichloromethane fraction of the roots produced clear zones of inhibition of 12 – 20 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1 µg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The modulation factor (MF) of ciprofloxacin, dichloromethane fraction of XA roots and ethyl acetate fraction of XA leaf were 4, 8, and 4 on MDR isolates E01006, OAU058 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, respectively. In all tested isolates, but not E01006 and E01024, the fractional MICs of ciprofloxacin/ethylacetate fraction of XA leaf extract combination was not significantly different (p>0.05) compared with ciprofloxacin/verapamil combination. In conclusion, the root and leaf fractions Xylopia aethiopica that demonstrated antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa and synergised with ciprofloxacin have the potential to rejuvenate the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin in MDR P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Antisickling and Antibacterial Activities of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg. (Gentianaceae) from Non-human Primates Pharmacopoeia in Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Samy Ngunde-te-Ngunde ◽  
Emmanuel Moke Lengbiye ◽  
Tshidibi Dipa Joseph ◽  
Kengo Velantia Franck ◽  
Ruphin D. Djolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
First Time

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Chemical composition and bioactivity of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Gentianaceae) fruits, leaves, root bark and stem bark extracts against Sickle cell disease (SCD) and associated bacteria. The antisickling and antibacterial activities were carried out using Emmel and micro-dilution methods respectively. The results revealed that the fruits, leaves, root bark and stem bark extracts  of A. schweinfurthii contains various secondary metabolites such as the alkaloids, saponins, total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanis, leuco-anthocyanins and quinones.  The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts displayed antisickling activity. While, the antibacterial activity of different plant extracts tested was weak toward tested bacterial strains (CMI ≥125μg/mL). The antibacterial activity can be improved by bio-guided fractionation of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate or methanol soluble fraction. This study provides for the first time a scientific basis for the in vitro antisickling activity of A. schweinfurthii.

scholarly journals Coccoloba alnifolia Leaf Extract as a Potential Antioxidant Molecule Using In Vitro and In Vivo Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Luciana Fentanes Moura de Melo ◽  
Dayanne Lopes Gomes ◽  
Lucas Felipe da Silva ◽  
Larissa Marina Pereira Silva ◽  
Marina Lopes Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines

The genus Coccoloba is widely used in traditional folk medicine, but few scientific data exist for this genus. The goal of this study was to characterise the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of C. alnifolia leaf extracts using in vitro and in vivo assays. Six extracts were obtained: hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME), water end extract (WEE), and water extract (WE). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed the presence of phenols, saponins, terpenes, and flavonoids. In vitro assays demonstrated substantial antioxidant potential, especially for polar extracts (EE, ME, WEE, and WE). Moreover, no toxic effects were observed on mammalian cell lines for most of the extracts at the concentrations evaluated. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was also used as an in vivo model for testing antioxidant potential. The EE and WE were chosen, based on previously obtained results. It was observed that neither the EE nor the WE had any toxic effect on C. elegans development. Additionally, the antioxidant potential was evaluated using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as a stressor agent. The EE increased the life span of C. elegans by 28% compared to that of the control, and the WE increased the range to 39.2-41.3%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) showed the presence of gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, and vitexin in the WE. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated the antioxidant potential of C. alnifolia extracts and their possible biotechnological applications.

Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Some Medical Plants and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Toxicity Potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1905-1912
Author(s):  
Ayat Jadou ◽  
Ayyad W Al-Shahwany
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Microtiter Plates

Abstract Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are employed in various applications in the areas of catalysis, optoelectronics, detection and diagnostics, antimicrobials, and therapeutics. Objective: The aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Urtica dioica and biologically prepared silver nanoparticles, as single or in combination treatments, against Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was quantified by using a microdilution method in sterile 96-well microtiter plates. The assessment of the toxicity of AgNP solutions was evaluated on human blood lymphocyte cells. Results: The results of this study revealed that all AgNP solutions have the lowest MIC values against the bacterial isolates in relation with the methanolic and aqueous extract solutions. However, the results showed that the increasing AgNP concentration was a critical factor influencing the interaction between AgNPs and the human lymphocytes. Conclusions: The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) at high concentrations. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs have an increased antimicrobial activity against all tested bacterial isolates. Highlights: AgNPs have been recognized as an effective antimicrobial agent that exhibits low toxicity in humans and has diverse in vitro and in vivo applications.

scholarly journals In vitro and In vivo Antiplasmodial of Stem Bark Extract of Garcinia husor

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Healthy Kainama ◽  
Sri Fatmawati ◽  
Mardi Santoso ◽  
Pieter Kakisina ◽  
Taslim Ersam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Vitro Assay

Garcinia husor is one of the folk medicines in Maluku-Indonesia. This species has been used for the treatmet of Malaria disease. The phytochemical contents and antiplasmodial activity not reported yet. In this study we evaluated the quantitative phytochemicals, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of stem bark ethyl acetate extract. In vitro assay was done using P. falciparum 3D7 strain sensitive of chloroquine. For in vivo analysis, four groups of M. musculus were infected by P. berghei and their parasitemia levels were for 7 days of treatment with ethyl acetate extract; hematological and biochemical parameter were analyzed at the end of experiment. The result showed ethyl acetate extract with the TPC (169.47 mg GAE/100 g ±0.61) and TPC (167.37 mg QE/100 g ±1.05) was active against P. falciparum 3D7 strain (IC50 value of 0.31±0.43 μg/ml). The animal treated with extract showed suppression of parasitemia to 87.57±1.41% compared with the P. berghei infected-mice (negative control), ED50 value of 22.30 mg/kg BW. The dose of extract in 200 mg/kg BW was reduce parasitemia of infected mice with P. berghei more potential. The ethyl acetate of the stem bark G. husor with has antiplasmodial properties and future investigation are necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND IN VIVO WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACTS OF ABUTILON INDICUM ROOT

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
K Ravishankar ◽  
G.V.N Kiranmayi ◽  
J. M. Sruthi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Wound Healing Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

The present study was aimed at comparing the in vivo wound healing and in vitro antibacterial activity of Abutilon indicum roots. Wound healing is a complex phenomenon which consists of three stages inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling. Traditionally, A. indicum is used for wound healing. There is no specific scientific data available for the wound healing activity of Abutilon indicum root. The present study was designed to investigate the same. The wound healing activity of ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of A. indicum was evaluated in incision and burn wound models. The parameters studied include tensile strength, epithelialisation period and rate of wound contraction. A. indicum also possesses antimicrobial activity. Ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of A. indicum was tested against both Gram positive, Gram negative and fungal organisms using agar well diffusion method. From the results, it was concluded that ethyl acetate extract of A. indicum root had greater wound activity and antimicrobial activity than the ethanolic extract.

scholarly journals Effects of Grape Pomace Polyphenolic Extract (Taurisolo®) in Reducing TMAO Serum Levels in Humans: Preliminary Results from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Annunziata ◽  
Maria Maisto ◽  
Connie Schisano ◽  
Roberto Ciampaglia ◽  
Viviana Narciso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is considered a novel risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Several studies demonstrated that polyphenols are able to inhibit the growth of TMA-producing bacterial strains, and resveratrol (RSV) reduced TMAO levels in mice. In the present study, we evaluated the TMAO-reducing effect of a novel nutraceutical formulation containing grape pomace extract in humans (Taurisolo®). The Taurisolo® polyphenol content was evaluated by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography-diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) method, and RSV was monitored as an indicative marker. After in vitro GI digestion, intestinal bioaccessibility of RSV was 92.3%. A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was carried out to evaluate the TMAO-reducing effect of Taurisolo®. In acute, the maximum levels of RSV were detected both in serum and whole blood 60 min after the administration of Taurisolo®; in chronic, a significant increase of RSV was detected in serum after the 4-week treatment. After 4 weeks, the levels of TMAO were significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to placebo (63.6% vs. 0.54%, respectively, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, our data show that Taurisolo® may represent a novel and useful natural remedy to reduce prognostic markers for incident cardiovascular events. Undoubtedly, further in vitro and in vivo studies need to be performed in order to elucidate possible mechanisms of action and corroborate our preliminary results.

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