scholarly journals Salt Stress Amelioration in Maize Plants through Phosphogypsum Application and Bacterial Inoculation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Tamer Khalifa ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
Stress Amelioration ◽  
Maize Plants

The use of phosphogypsum (PG) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for agricultural purposes are good options to improve soil properties and increase crop yield. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different rates of PG (ton ha−1; 0 (PG1), 3 (PG2), 6 (PG3), and 9 (PG4)) combined with PGPR inoculation (Azospirillum lipoferum (control, T1), A. lipoferum + Bacillus coagulans (T2), A. lipoferum + B. circulance (T3), and A. lipoferum + B. subtilis (T4)) on soil properties, plant physiology, antioxidant enzymes, nutrient uptake, and yield of maize plants (Zea mays L., cv. HSC 10) grown in salt-affected soil. Over two growing seasons, 2019 and 2020, field experiments were conducted as a split-plot design with triplicates. The results show that applying PG (9 ton ha−1) and co-inoculation (A. lipoferum + B. circulance) treatment significantly increased chlorophyll and carotenoids content, antioxidant enzymes, microbial communities, soil enzymes activity, and nutrient contents, and showed inhibitory impacts on proline content and pH, as well as EC and ESP, thus improving the productivity of maize plant compared to the control treatment. It could be concluded that PG, along with microbial inoculation, may be an important approach for ameliorating the negative impacts of salinity on maize plants.

scholarly journals Effect of glyphosate and glufosinate on nutritional content and agronomic performance of maize possessing cp4epsps and pat transgenes

2021 ◽  
pp. 773-779
Author(s):  
Gabriel Viana de Araújo ◽  
Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht ◽  
Leandro Paiola Albrecht ◽  
Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho ◽  
Rafaela Alenbrant Migliavacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Package Insert ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Developmental Conditions

The aim of this study was to check the tolerance level of maize possessing the transgenes cp4epsps and pat, exposed to high rates of glyphosate or glufosinate. Field experiments were carried out in 2016/17 at the first growing season; and the other in the second growing season, in Palotina, state of Paraná (PR), Brazil. The design was completely randomized block with 4 replications, which were set up with variations of rates of herbicides: glyphosate (0; 2,160; 4,320; 6,480 and 8,640 g ae ha-1) (experiment 1) and glufosinate (0; 1,500; 3,000; 4,500 and 6,000 g ai ha-1) (experiment 2). The application was performed at the V4 stage. Plants were evaluated for injuries, final plant height, stem diameter, 100-grain mass, yield and content of P, K, S, Fe, Cu and Zn. The results show that there was no reduction in yield and 100-grain mass, as well as changes in nutrient contents, even with the use of high rates of glyphosate and glufosinate. This is explained by the rapid recovery of maize hybrids under favorable developmental conditions. Despite causing injuries and decreased height, application of glyphosate (up to 8,640 g ae ha-1) or glufosinate (up to 6,000 ai ha-1) did neither reduce yield and 100-grain mass nor the nutrient contents of grains. This shows the high selectivity of these herbicides. Nonetheless, crop injury and reduction in height were observed in maize plants for herbicide application. This indicates the risks of using herbicides above the rates recommended in the package insert, despite the absence of deleterious effects on yield

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA AS BIO-CONTROL AGENTS ON CITRUS NEMATODE, TYLENCHULUS SEMIPENETRANS INFECTING BALADY ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS L.) AND IMPROVING ITS PRODUCTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Citrus Nematode

Three bacterial species of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) namely Paenibacillus polymyxa, Methylobacterium mesophilicum and Methylobacterium radiotolerans were tested alone or combined with humic acid as bio-control agents against the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans under laboratory and field conditions. Results cleared that; all tested PGPR species produced IAA, HCN, ammonia, chitinase and protease enzymes and also solubilized phosphate in laboratory. P. polymyxa emphasized the superiority among other species in all PGPR properties except for phosphate solubilization, whereas M. radiotolerans showed highest amount of phosphorus solubilized in culture media. On the other hand, the results of the nematode survey conducted on orange, Citrus sinensis L. cv Balady grown in different localities of Ismailia and Sharkia Governorates during season 2019, revealed the presence of seven genera and species of plant-parasitic nematodes. Among which, T. semipenetrans occurred in all examined samples (100% frequency of occurrence) with a relatively high population density of 2330 and 2640 infected juveniles (J2) /250 g soil in Ismailia and Sharkia Governorates, respectively. Field experiments were conducted in two different locations, at Ismailia and Sharkia Governorates to assess the effectiveness of PGPR strains alone or combined to reduce the numbers of T. semipenetrans during season 2019. It was found that, all treatments caused significant (P≤0.05) reduction in T. semipenetrans population, compared to control treatment. The nematicide, Nemathorin® 10% G followed by P. polymyxa (20 L.fed-1 ) + foliarspraying of M. mesophilicm (5 L.fed-1 ) gave the highest efficacy in controlling the citrus nematode. Percentage reduction in numbers of J2/250g soil and adult females/1g roots for these treatments in Ismailia Governorate were 91% (85.7%) and 91.4% (89.5%), respectively. While the parallel values in Sharkia Governorate were 90% (87%) and 94% (90%), respectively. The combination of P. polymyxa and humic acid (20 L.fed-1 ) with foliar spraying of M. mesophilicm (5 L.fed-1 ) gained the third position. All treatments increased the fruit yield compared to control treatment. The highest percentages of increase were determined with Nemathorin (160% and 206%) followed by P. polymyxa + Humic acid (20 L.fed-1 ) + foliar spraying of M. mesophilicum (155.7% and 193%) and M. radiotolerans + P. polymyxa + foliar spraying of M. mesophilicum (153% and182%) in Ismailia, and Sharkia Governorates respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Harvesting Mucuna bracteata on the Legume Biomass and Soil Properties under Mature Oil Palm

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amir Zunnasri Mohd Noor ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman ◽  
Wan Azlina Wan Abdul Karim Ghani ◽  
Christopher Boon Sung Teh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Legume Growth

The under-utilized legume Mucuna bracteata is a potential biomass resource in Malaysia. A 24-month study was conducted under 10-year-old mature oil palm trees to determine the effects of several harvesting frequencies of M. bracteata on the legume biomass and soil properties. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) for the biomass and a two-factorial RCBD for the soil properties. The treatments were the harvesting frequencies, which were once every two, four, six, and twelve months. The control treatment was without harvest. There were significant effects on the legume’s cumulative biomass, standing biomass, leaf area, nutrient contents, and total nutrient harvested for N, Ca, Mg, and cellulose content. Generally, the more frequent the harvest, the more biomass was obtained, but the more legume standing biomass and leaf area were reduced. Despite the reduction in legume growth and leaf area in the field, harvesting the legume did not affect any of the soil physicochemical properties. The biomass N, Ca, and Mg contents and nutrient harvested were also affected by harvesting. This was due to the production of relatively more young shoots after harvesting, which would remove most of the aboveground plant parts. The cellulose content in the legume also increased for the same reasons. Results showed that harvesting M. bracteata once every six months was an acceptable compromise between collecting large amounts of legume biomass and having a reduced legume growth recovery and leaf area in the field, but yet not detrimentally affecting the soil properties.

scholarly journals Impacts of graywater irrigation and soil conditioning with mulch on cotton growth and soil properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087
Author(s):  
Z. Sheng ◽  
S. Abudu ◽  
G. Ganjegunte
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Soil Conditioning ◽  
Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Conditioning Control

Abstract Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of graywater irrigation with and without soil conditioning with mulching on cotton growth and soil properties in El Paso, Texas, USA. Treatments included in the study were: freshwater irrigation without soil conditioning (control, treatment T0), freshwater irrigation with soil conditioning (treatment T1), graywater irrigation without soil conditioning (treatment T2) and with soil conditioning (treatment T3) with four replications. The pH, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity (EC) values of the graywater used in the study were 8.19, 16.0 and 1.54 dS/cm respectively. Results showed that graywater irrigation did not have significant impacts on cotton growth and lint yield. Soil conditioning with mulch increased cotton yield significantly (p < 0.05) compared with non-mulching regardless of water types. Graywater irrigation increased soil pH values significantly in the surface depth (0–15 cm), however, it did not have significant effects at greater depths (>15 cm). Significantly higher salinity and sodicity were observed in the upper 30 cm depths in the graywater irrigated mulched soils, while no changes were detected at greater depths (30–45 and 45–60 cm).

scholarly journals ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA PHÂN TRÙN QUẾ VÀ PHÂN BÓN LÁ ĐẾN MỘT SỐ TÍNH CHẤT ĐẤT VÀ NĂNG SUẤT GIỐNG LÚA OM18 TẠI TỈNH AN GIANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chương Nguyễn Văn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The study on the effect of earthworm manure and HI-BORON 7-14 foliar fertilizer on chemical properties of soil and yield of rice OM18 was conducted in the Winter-Spring and Summer-Autumn seasons 2019-2020. The field experiments included four treatments and four replications in Long Xuyen City, An Giang province. Each treatment was the area of 48 m2 (8 m x 6 m). Treatments of season 1 (Winter-Spring) included: The control treatment (NT1) only applied NPK (85 kg N - 45 kg P2O5 - 45 kg K2O); (NT2): Incorporation of NPK and Hi-Boron 7-14 foliar fertilizer; (NT3): Incorporation of NPK and earthworm manure Atiga (300 kg ha-1); (NT4): Incorporation of NPK, earthworm manure Atiga (300kg ha-1) and Hi-Boron 7-14 foliar fertilizer. Treatments of season 2 (Summer-Autumn) were carried on the former experiment 1. However, treatments did not apply earthworm manure Atiga and spray Hi-Boron 7-14 foliar fertilizer (only applied 85 kg N-45 kgP2O5-45kg K2O). The results showed that the application of NPK, earthworm manure Atiga (300 kg ha-1) and Hi-Boron 7-14 foliar fertilizer improved organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium in soil. On the other hand, the combined fertilization increased the yield of rice OM 18 (11,3%) compared to the control treatment (without applying earthworm manure Atiga and spray Hi-Boron 7-14 foliar fertilizer). In Winter-Spring, the yield of rice OM18 in applying earthworm manure Atiga and spray Hi-Boron 7-14 foliar fertilizer had higher than 14,9% compared with applying only NPK in the Summer-Autumn season in the same treatment. The soil properties were not much improved due to no additional application of earthworm manure Atiga and spraying foliar fertilizer.

scholarly journals Foliar-Applied Potassium Silicate Coupled with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improves Growth, Physiology, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Irrigated with Saline Water in Salt-Affected Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Emad M. Hafez ◽  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
Usama A. Abd El-Razek ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The continuity of traditional planting systems in the last few decades has encountered its most significant challenge in the harsh changes in the global climate, leading to frustration in the plant growth and productivity, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions cultivated with moderate or sensitive crops to abiotic stresses. Faba bean, like most legume crops, is considered a moderately sensitive crop to saline soil and/or saline water. In this connection, a field experiment was conducted during the successive winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in a salt-affected soil to explore the combined effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and potassium (K) silicate on maintaining the soil quality, performance, and productivity of faba bean plants irrigated with either fresh water or saline water. Our findings indicated that the coupled use of PGPR and K silicate under the saline water irrigation treatment had the capability to reduce the levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the soil and to promote the activity of some soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenase), which recorded nearly non-significant differences compared with fresh water (control) treatment, leading to reinstating the soil quality. Consequently, under salinity stress, the combined application motivated the faba bean vegetative growth, e.g., root length and nodulation, which reinstated the K+/Na+ ions homeostasis, leading to the lessening or equalizing of the activity level of enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, POD, and SOD) compared with the controls of both saline water and fresh water treatments, respectively. Although the irrigation with saline water significantly increased the osmolytes concentration (free amino acids and proline) in faba bean plants compared with fresh water treatment, application of PGPR or K-silicate notably reduced the osmolyte levels below the control treatment, either under stress or non-stress conditions. On the contrary, the concentrations of soluble assimilates (total soluble proteins and total soluble sugars) recorded pronounced increases under tested treatments, which enriched the plant growth, the nutrients (N, P, and K) uptake and translocation to the sink organs, which lastly improved the yield attributes (number of pods plant−1, number of seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight). It was concluded that the combined application of PGPR and K-silicate is considered a profitable strategy that is able to alleviate the harmful impact of salt stress alongside increasing plant growth and productivity.

Effects of humic acid and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on induced resistance of canola to Brevicoryne brassicae L

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sattari Nasab ◽  
M. Pahlavan Yali ◽  
M. Bozorg-Amirkalaee
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

AbstractThe cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hem: Aphididae), is an important pest of canola that can considerably limit profitable crop production either through direct feeding or via transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. One of the most effective approaches of pest control is the use of biostimulants. In this study, the effects of humic acid, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and integrated application of both compounds were investigated on life table parameters of B. brassicae, and the tolerance of canola to this pest. B. brassicae reared on plants treated with these compounds had the lower longevity, fecundity, and reproductive period compared with control treatment. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were lowest on PGPR treatment (0.181 ± 0.004 day−1 and 1.198 ± 0.004 day−1, respectively) and highest on control (0.202 ± 0.005 day−1 and 1.224 ± 0.006 day−1, respectively). The net reproductive rate (R0) under treatments of humic acid, PGPR and humic acid + PGPR was lower than control. There was no significant difference in generation time (T) of B. brassicae among the tested treatments. In the tolerance test, plants treated with PGPR alone or in integrated with humic acid had the highest tolerance against B. brassicae. The highest values of total phenol, flavonoids, and glucosinolates were observed in treatments of PGPR and humic acid + PGPR. Basing on the antibiosis and tolerance analyses in this study, we concluded that canola plants treated with PGPR are more resistant to B. brassicae. These findings could be useful for integrated pest management of B. brassicae in canola fields.

scholarly journals Improving soil properties and productivity of crop-pasture rotation in arid steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Yakhiya Kaipov ◽  
Rifkat Akchurin ◽  
Rustam Kirayev ◽  
Asiya Nizaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Arid Steppe

Field experiments were conducted in the arid steppe zone of the Southern Urals, in the Republic of Bashkortostan of the Russian Federation. The soil is common chernozem. The precipitation during the growing season (May-September) is 166 mm. The experimental crop rotation consisted of 7 fields: 4 with perennial herbs (a mixture of Bromus inermis and Medicago varia), 3 with annual crops. The study analysed soil properties and carrying capacity in perennial grass rotation, conventional and reduced tillage. During the crop-pasture rotation, the humus content in the soil changes insignificantly depending on the tillage, being within 7.6-8.0 %. Perennial grasses loosened the soil, positively affecting moisture accumulation under crop rotation by the beginning of the pre-sowing period. The arable layer of common chernozem in the reduced tillage had a density of 1.05 g/cm3, less than 0.06 g/cm3 in conventional cultivation. Fertilizer application increased yields at 0.49-0.51 t/ha of feed units. Reduced tillage resulted in higher feed units by 0.06-0.08 tons per 1 ha. Crop-pasture rotation implementation and development ensures bioclimatically-determined yields of fodder crops and maintains soil fertility at an optimal level.

scholarly journals Improvement Growth, Yield, and Seed Quality of Pea Plants Using Glass Fertilizers and Bio-Fertilizers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman G. Sayed ◽  
Mona A. Ouis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A new glass fertilizer (GF) system of main composition 60P2O5.30K2O.3.5ZnO. 3.5MnO.3Fe2O3 was developed in response to the needs of pea plants with bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium leguminosarum. Bv.vicieae, Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum, Bacillus circulans).GF was prepared by the traditional melt quenching technique at 1150°C. Characterization of prepared system was done using FTIR spectra before and after immersion in a simulated actual agriculture medium like 2% citric acid and distilled water. During two winter seasons, two successful field experiments were conducted at Cairo University's Eastern Farm to determine the impact of chemical, glass, and bio-fertilizers on plant growth, yield attributes, and seed quality of pea plant. Control treatment were without any addition of recommended chemical fertilizers and other treatments were full dose of recommended chemical fertilizers (100%RDF), glass fertilizers at rate 60 kg fed− 1, Glass fertilizers at rate30 kg fed− 1, 50% RDF ,100%RDF + bio-fertilizers, Glass fertilizers at rate 60 kg fed− 1 + bio-fertilizers, glass fertilizers at rate 30 kg fed− 1+ bio-fertilizers, 50%RDF + bio-fertilizers. Plots received 60 kg fed− 1 glass fertilizers + bio-fertilizers show the highest significant increment in plant growth, number and weight of pods plant− 1, number of grain pods− 1, grain yield, biological yield, P%, k% in pea leaves and quality of pea seeds compared with plots without any addition (control) in both seasons.

scholarly journals THE CHANGE OF SANDY SOIL PROPERTIES AFTER ADDING CHARCOAL PRODUCED FROM A TRADITIONAL KILN IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIET NAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (42) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Binh Phan Khanh Huynh ◽  
Tho Van Nguyen ◽  
Vien My Tran
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Viet Nam

This study aimed to use charcoal derived from the bamboo and melaleuca produced by traditional kiln applied to sandy soil growing mustard green (Brassica juncea L.). The charcoals were applied at three ratio (1%,2%, and 3%, which correspond to 10, 20, and 30 g charcoal/kg soil in pots) and the control treatment without charcoal. Soil properties were investigated including bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter content, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous. The results showed that bulk density decreased in charcoal-treated soils. pH and EC were in the suitable range for plants.Nutrients and CEC of the soil in the charcoal treatment were significantly higher compared with the control (CEC increase 6.8% to 16%; TC increase 80% to 115%; TN increase 37.5 to 75%). Green mustard growing on charcoalamended soil had greater height (higher 3% to 21%), bigger leaves, and higher yield (increase18% to 81%) than those of plants groomed in the control treatment. This study showed the potential of using charcoal as supplying nutrient to the poor soil. Moreover, the abundant of raw material and easy to produce, it is suitable for applying in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam, and other countries with similar conditions and infrastructure. 

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