scholarly journals The Possibility of Using Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu × Paulownia fortunei Hybrid for Phytoextraction of Toxic Elements from Post-Industrial Wastes with Biochar

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2049
Author(s):  
Kinga Drzewiecka ◽  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Zuzanna Magdziak ◽  
Sylwia Budzyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Szostek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Post Industrial

The potential of the Paulownia hybrid for the uptake and transport of 67 elements along with the physiological response of plants cultivated in highly contaminated post-industrial wastes (flotation tailings—FT, and mining sludge—MS) was investigated. Biochar (BR) was added to substrates to limit metal mobility and facilitate plant survival. Paulownia could effectively uptake and translocate B, Ca, K, P, Rb, Re and Ta. Despite severe growth retardation, chlorophyll biosynthesis was not depleted, while an increased carotenoid content was noted for plants cultivated in waste materials. In Paulownia leaves and roots hydroxybenzoic acids (C6-C1) were dominant phenolics, and hydroxycinnamic acids/phenylpropanoids (C6-C3) and flavonoids (C6-C3-C6) were also detected. Plant cultivation in wastes resulted in quantitative changes in the phenolic fraction, and a significant drop or total inhibition of particular phenolics. Cultivation in waste materials resulted in increased biosynthesis of malic and succinic acids in the roots of FT-cultivated plants, and malic and acetic acids in the case of MS/BR substrate. The obtained results indicate that the addition of biochar can support the adaptation of Paulownia seedlings growing on MS, however, in order to limit unfavorable changes in the plant, an optimal addition of waste is necessary.

scholarly journals Availability of Nickel in Soil Evaluated by Various Chemical Extractants and Plant Accumulation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Monika Jakubus ◽  
Małgorzata Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bioconcentration Factors ◽  
Bcr Method ◽  
Quantitative Changes

This work presents quantitative changes of nickel in soil and plants under the influence of compost and fly ash. The research was carried out in a 3-year experiment on medium soil fertilised with compost or fly ash. The plants: narrow leaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) were planted in consecutive years. The soil from the experiment was subjected to extraction by sequential analysis with the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method, and single extractions using 1 mol·dm−3 HCl and DTPA solutions, obtaining the amount of nickel in various combinations with the soil solid phase. Total contents of the metal in soil and cultivated plants were determined. On the basis of Ni contents in the soil and cultivated plants, the bioconcentration factors and the risk assessment code were calculated. The type of amendments had a significant impact on the nickel content in lupine, for camelina and oat was the greatest in the control conditions. The differences between the amounts of Ni determined for bioconcentration factors were significant and depended on the amendments and nickel obtained by different methods. Regardless of the experimental conditions, the amount of Ni in the exchangeable bonds (Fr. I) had the greatest impact on the content of Ni in lupine and oat, whereas NiDTPA in the case of camelina.

scholarly journals Physiological and Anatomical Differences and Differentially Expressed Genes Reveal Yellow Leaf Coloration in Shumard Oak

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Dong ◽  
Libin Huang ◽  
Qingsheng Chen ◽  
Yunzhou Lv ◽  
Hainan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Pheophorbide A ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Leaf Coloration

Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckley) is a traditional foliage plant, but little is known about its regulatory mechanism of yellow leaf coloration. Here, the yellow leaf variety of Q. shumardii named ‘Zhongshan Hongjincai’ (identified as ‘ZH’ throughout this work) and a green leaf variety named ‘Shumard oak No. 23’ (identified as ‘SO’ throughout this work) were compared. ‘ZH’ had lower chlorophyll content and higher carotenoid content; photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also lower. Moreover, the mesophyll cells of ‘ZH’ showed reduced number of chloroplasts and some structural damage. In addition, transcriptomic analysis identified 39,962 differentially expressed genes, and their expression levels were randomly verified. Expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related glumly-tRNA reductase gene and Mg-chelatase gene were decreased, while pheophorbide a oxygenase gene associated with chlorophyll degradation was up-regulated in ‘ZH’. Simultaneously, carotenoid isomerase gene, z-carotene desaturase gene, violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene and zeaxanthin epoxidase gene involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were up-regulated in ‘ZH’. These gene expression changes were accompanied by decreased chlorophyll content and enhanced carotenoid accumulation in ‘ZH’. Consequently, changes in the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll could be driving the yellow leaf coloration in Q. shumardii.

scholarly journals Shear Strength of Industrial Wastes and Their Mixtures and Stability of Embankments Made of These Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gruchot ◽  
Tymoteusz Zydroń
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Earth Construction

The paper presents the results of research on the influence of compaction on the shear strength of fly ash, unburnt and burnt coal wastes, and a composite (a mixture of unburnt coal waste and 30% of fly ash). The tests were carried out in a triaxial compression apparatus on samples with a diameter and height of 10 and 20 cm, respectively. In order to verify usability of the tested waste materials for earthworks, stability calculations of the road embankment made of these materials were carried out. It was shown that the tested materials were characterized by high values of shear strength parameters, which significantly depended on compaction. The most favorable values of the angle of internal friction and cohesion were obtained for the burnt coal waste, slightly lower for the composite, and the lowest for the fly ash. Stability calculations for the road embankment model showed that the slope inclination and the load on the embankment have a significant influence on the factor of safety. It was also shown that a decrease in cohesion causes significant decrease in the factor of safety. The tests and the stability calculations showed that the tested waste materials are useful for earth construction purposes.

Properties of Wastes-Based Extruded Ceramics Formulations

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 2218-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Raupp-Pereira ◽  
M.J. Ribeiro ◽  
Ana M. Segadães ◽  
Joao A. Labrincha
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Initial Batch ◽  
Batch Formulation ◽  
Insulating Properties

This work describes the studies carried out with various industrial wastes and natural byproducts based on the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system, aimed at extruding ceramic products of industrial interest. Four waste materials were selected and characterised, namely, (i) Al-rich anodising sludge (A-sludge), (ii) sludge from the filtration/clarification of potable water (W-sludge), (iii) sludge generated in marble sawing processes (M-sludge), and (iv) foundry sand (F-sand). Two different formulations were prepared and bodies were shaped by extrusion, after its detailed optimisation. Screw extruded rods were then fired at several temperatures and characterised in terms of relevant functional properties (shrinkage, density and mechanical strength). Their electrical insulating properties were assessed by impedance spectroscopy. The design of interesting technological properties, such as high electrical and mechanical resistance, refractoriness, etc, was found to be easily achievable by controlling the initial batch formulation and/or the sintering schedule.

scholarly journals Development of Sustainable LSP-Bricks Using Local Industrial Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ani Maslina Saleh ◽  
Mohamad Nidzam Rahmat ◽  
Norsalisma Ismai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Paint Sludge ◽  
The Impact

Uncontrolled infrastructure development may produce excessive carbon emission and scarcity of natural resources. The reuse of waste materials in general promotes material ecology and the cradle-to-cradle concept. The utilisation of industrial waste in the development of advanced materials promoting the extensive research on sustainable building components. The main objective of this research is to investigate the potential of utilising local industrial waste, Solid Waste Fly Ash (SwFA) and Paint Sludge (PS) as target material in replacing laterite soil that is non-renewable natural resources. Standard industrial size bricks were fabricated consist the combination of Laterite Clay, SwFA and PS (LSP) at 50:25:25 ratios. The results for engineering and environmental properties were within the acceptable of engineering standards and performances. This test result suggests potential used of SwFA and Paint Sludge as substitute to clay for unfired brick. This will certainly contribute to the recycling of SwFA and industrial sludge (Paint Sludge andpossibly others) and hence to minimise the impact of these by-product to the environment if send to landfill. The manufacture of unfired bricks can exploit locally available waste materials and can be used in certain applications of low load bearing situation. This research also suggests innovation and enhanced waste management and contribution towards the concept of green building components.  Keywords: Industrial waste, eco-bricks, durability, thermal, acoustic

scholarly journals A mini review: Optimal dye removal by fenton process catalysed with waste materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kulić Mandić ◽  
◽  
Milena Bečelić-Tomin ◽  
Đurđa Kerkez ◽  
Gordana Pucar Milidrag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disposal Cost

Large quantities of solid waste from different industries are commonly disposed in landfills, where can generate wide range of environmental problems. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to give insight on the usage of various waste materials as oxidation catalysts in different Fenton processes for dye removal. In that manner the circular value chain of these materials will be reinforced, obtaining disposal cost reduction and further value addition. Some of industrial wastes (fly ash, electric arc furnace dust, red mud, coal bottom ash, activated carbon from biomass, etc.) that have been used to catalyse Fenton reaction in various researches are reviewed from optimization point of view. Both types of optimization, one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) are investigated. The study revealed that factors as catalyst concentration, pH value, hydrogen peroxide concentration, dye concentration and reaction time are main factors that influence final Fenton capacity as oxidation process catalysed with reviewed waste materials.

Recovery of Zinc from the Final Slag of Steel's Galvanizing Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafiseh Dakhili ◽  
Hekmat Razavizadeh ◽  
M.T. Salehi ◽  
S. Hossein Seyedein
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Process ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Metallic Zinc ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Zinc Bath ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Fluxing Agent

With the rising cost of zinc reaching historic levels, more emphasis is being placed on technologies to increase the efficient utilization of zinc. One area targeted for increased efficiency is in-house recycling of metallic zinc industrial wastes. The largest consumer of zinc is the hot-dip galvanizing of steel. Large amount of zinc slag containing more than 50% zinc, are accumulated during galvanization processes at the surface of molten zinc bath and is usually skimmed manually. At First, The pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc from slag samples was carried out, and parameters affecting recovery processes such as time, temperature, and flux percentage were studied. The results obtained revealed that zinc metal is successfully recovered from these secondary resources. The recovery efficiency is 70% for zinc waste materials having a particle size diameter of + 1.25 mm. An optimum percentage of 25% weight of ammonium chloride fluxing agent was obtained. The optimum temperature for the recovery process was 700°C.

Membrane filtration of agro-industrial wastewaters and isolation of organic compounds with high added values

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris P. Zagklis ◽  
Christakis A. Paraskeva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
By Products

The aim of the current study was the exploitation of agro-industrial wastes or by-products such as olive mill wastewater (OMW) and defective wines. A cost-effective system for their maximum exploitation is suggested, using a combined process of membrane filtration and other physicochemical processes. Wastewaters are first treated in a membrane system (prefiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis) where pure water and other organic fractions (by-products) are obtained. Organic fractions, called hereafter byproducts and not wastes, are further treated for the separation of organic compounds and isolation of high added value products. Experiments were performed with OMW and defective wines as characteristic agro-industrial wastewaters. Profit from the exploitation of agro-industrial wastewaters can readily help the depreciation of the indeed high cost process of membrane filtration. The simple phenolic fraction of the OMW was successfully isolated from the rest of the waste, and problems occurring during winemaking, such as high volatile acidity and odours, were tackled.

scholarly journals Antioxidants in Varieties of Chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) and Wild Poppy (Papaver rhoeasL.) of Southern Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Montefusco ◽  
Giuliana Semitaio ◽  
Pier Paolo Marrese ◽  
Andrea Iurlaro ◽  
Monica De Caroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Papaver Rhoeas ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Lipophilic Antioxidant ◽  
Basal Rosette

We report the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities, as well as the total phenol, flavonoid, tocochromanol (tocopherol and tocotrienol), and carotenoid contents in the edible portion of wild and cultivated varieties of chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) and in the basal rosette leaves of the wild species of poppy (Papaver rhoeasL.), known by natives as “paparina,” collected in the countryside of Salento (South Apulia, Italy). We analyzed (1) two cultivars of chicory, the “Catalogna” harvested in the area between S. Pietro Vernotico and Tuturano (Brindisi) and the “Otrantina” harvested in Otranto (Lecce); (2) two wild chicory ecotypes harvested in S. Pietro Vernotico (Brindisi) and Statte (Taranto), respectively; (3) the basal leaves of wild poppy harvested in Sternatia (Lecce). In all samples, our results showed that the hydrophilic antioxidant activity is, generally, higher than the lipophilic activity. Poppy leaves exhibited the highest hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities and the highest concentration of total phenols and flavonoids. Tocopherols were detected only as traces. Among the extracted carotenoids, lutein andβ-carotene were the most abundant in all analyzed samples. Total carotenoid content was greater in wild than in cultivated plants.

The Technology and Equipments for Producing Gesso Blocks in a Wet Environment by Directly Using Desulfurization Gypsum

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3174-3177
Author(s):  
Ling Cui Han ◽  
Yong Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Wall Materials

The process ,directly using desulfurization gypsum to produce gesso block in a wet environment ,is $irect to produce α-half water gesso ,directly used to gel pulverized coal , through the block automated production line to produce on the lightweight partition materials which are in large demand at the market. The complete set of technology and equipment needs less investment and saves energy .This technology integrates the two major industrial wastes to get new wall materials and change waste materials into things into things of valu.

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