scholarly journals Proteomics Revealed Distinct Responses to Salinity between the Halophytes Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort and Salicornia brachiata (Roxb)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer Joseph Benjamin ◽  
Begoña Miras-Moreno ◽  
Fabrizio Araniti ◽  
Hajar Salehi ◽  
Letizia Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Salicornia Brachiata ◽  
Suaeda Maritima ◽  
Proteome Level ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Plant resistance to salinity stress is one of the main challenges of agriculture. The comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in plant tolerance to salinity can help to contrast crop losses due to high salt conditions in soil. In this study, Salicornia brachiata and Suaeda maritima, two plants with capacity to adapt to high salinity levels, were investigated at proteome level to highlight the key processes involved in their tolerance to NaCl. With this purpose, plants were treated with 200 mM NaCl as optimal concentration and 500 mM NaCl as a moderate stressing concentration for 14 days. Indeed, 200 mM NaCl did not result in an evident stress condition for both species, although photosynthesis was affected (with a general up accumulation of photosynthesis-related proteins in S. brachiata under salinity). Our findings indicate a coordinated response to salinity in both the halophytes considered, under NaCl conditions. In addition to photosynthesis, heat shock proteins and peroxidase, expansins, signaling processes, and modulation of transcription/translation were affected by salinity. Interestingly, our results suggested distinct mechanisms of tolerance to salinity between the two species considered, with S. brachiata likely having a more efficient mechanism of response to NaCl.

scholarly journals SALINIZAÇÃO DO SOLO POR APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
Sergio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
José Francisco Teles Filho ◽  
Roberto Takafumi Yoshinaga
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

SALINIZAÇÃO DO SOLO POR APLICAÇÃO DE FERTILIZANTES EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO  Nildo da Silva Dias1; Sergio Nascimento Duarte2; José Francisco Teles Filho2; Roberto Takafumi Yoshinaga21Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP  1 RESUMO As curvas de salinização artificial de solos por excesso de adubos auxilia experimentos com manejo de fertirrigação e tolerância das plantas à salinidade, visando o controle da salinidade em ambientes protegidos. Para construir as curvas de salinização artificial do solo por aplicação de fertilizantes desenvolveu-se um experimento no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, município de Piracicaba, SP. A primeira fase do experimento constou de ensaios de curvas de salinidade de água em função da concentração de fertilizantes e, na segunda etapa utilizaram-se amostras de 10 kgde Latossolo Vermelho, os quais foram peneirados, secos ao ar e acondicionados em vasos de 17 L. As amostras de solos foram salinizadas artificialmente por excesso de adubos utilizados na fertirrigação, sendo as quantidades e as proporções de sais aplicados no solo baseados na extração total de nutrientes para a cultura do melão (Cucumis melo L.). A umidade do solo foi elevada até a máxima capacidade de retenção e concomitantemente foram adicionados os sais diluídos na água, obtendo-se nove níveis de salinidade do solo (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,0; 8,0 e 9,0 dS m -1) com três repetições. A curva de salinidade foi testada também em canteiros construídos sob ambiente protegido para se obter seis níveis de salinidade do solo (1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0; 5,0 e 6,0 dS m -1). Pelos resultados constata-se que a salinização artificial do solo requer a elaboração criteriosa de curvas para que sejam adicionados aos solos adubos suficientes para se conseguir níveis de condutividade elétrica no extrato de saturação do solo pré-estabelecido. A técnica utilizada para salinizar artificialmente o solo permitiu que se atingisse CEes desejada com boa precisão. UNITERMOS: salinidade, condutividade elétrica, fertirrigação.  N.S., DIAS; S.N., DUARTE; J.F.T., FILHO; R.T.,YOSHINAGA. SOIL SALINIZATION THROUGH FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS IN GREENHOUSE  2 ABSTRACT The soil artificial salinization curves by over fertilization are helpful to experiments with fertirrigation management and plant tolerance to salinity in greenhouse. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse located in an experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering of ESALQ- USP, Piracicaba- SP, Brazil, in order to build artificial salization curves. The first phase of experiment consisted of water salinity curve assays in function of fertilizer concentrations. In the second phase, 10 kgsift-dried Oxisol soil samples conditioned in 17 Lpots were used. The soil samples were salinized artificially by fertilizers through fertirrigation; the applied salt dose amount and proportion were based on melon (Cucumis melo, L.) total nutritional extraction. Soil humidity was increased to maximum water hold capacity by using diluted salt in water and that resulted in 9 different salinity soil levels (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 dS m -1) with 3 replications.  The salinity curve was tested in soil beds in two greenhouses to obtain six soil salinity levels (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 e 6.0 dS m -1). Artificial soil salinization requires a careful curve elaboration to produce the desired electric conductivity in the saturation extract. The technique used for soil salinization allowed obtaining satisfactorily accurate EC values. KEYWORDS: salinity, electric conductivity, fertirrigation

The CRZ-1 Transcription Factor Regulates Hsp 80 Involves in the Acquisition of Thermotolerance, and NCA-2 for Calcium Stress Tolerance in Neurospora Crassa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishek Roy ◽  
Ranjan Tamuli
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Heat Shock Stress ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Shock Stress

Abstract Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones and required for survival of organisms under heat stress conditions. In this study, we studied Hsp80, a member of the Hsp90 family, in Neurospora crassa. The expression of hsp80 was severely reduced in the N. crassa calcineurin B subunit RIP-mutant (cnb-1RIP) strains under the heat shock conditions. Furthermore, the expression levels of cnb-1, hsp60, hsp80, and the calcineurin-regulated transcription factor crz-1 were increased, but expression levels were reduced in the presence of the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 under the heat shock stress in the N. crassa wild type. Therefore, the calcineurin-crz-1 signaling pathway transcriptionally regulates hsp60 and hsp80 under the heat shock stress condition in N. crassa. In addition, the transcript levels of trm-9 and nca-2, a Ca2+ sensor and a Ca2+ ATPase, respectively, were increased under the heat shock stress condition. Moreover, the expression of the hsp80, but not the hsp60, was reduced in the Δtrm-9, Δnca-2, and the Δtrm-9 Δnca-2 double mutants. These results suggested that hsp80, trm-9, and nca-2 play a role in coping the heat shock stress in N. crassa. We found that CRZ-1 binds to 5ʹ-CCTTCACA-3ʹ and 5ʹ-AGCGGAGC-3ʹ 8 bp nucleotide sequences, located about 1075 bp and 679 bp upstream of the ATG start codon, respectively, of hsp80. We also found that CRZ-1 binds to an 8 bp nucleotide sequence 5ʹ-ACCGCGCC-3ʹ, located 234 bp upstream of the ATG start codon of nca-2 under Ca2+ stress condition. Thus, cnb-1, hsp60, hsp80, and crz-1 are involved in the heat shock stress response in N. crassa. Moreover, CRZ-1 upregulates the expressions of hsp80 and nca-2 under the heat shock stress and Ca2+ stress conditions, respectively, in N. crassa.

scholarly journals PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS BY THE DOMINANT MANGROVE ASSOCIATE SPECIES OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Pritam Mukherjee ◽  
Prosenjit Pramanick ◽  
Sufia Zaman ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Salicornia Brachiata ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Suaeda Maritima ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Associate Species ◽  
Mangrove Associate

The present study aims to investigate the phytoremediation potential of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) by two dominant mangrove associate species, Suaeda maritima, and Salicornia brachiata, found in the high saline supralittoral zone of Indian Sundarbans in four stations of the Hooghly-Matla estuarine complex during the premonsoon season (May 2019). We found that concentrations of biologically available heavy metals (HMs) in the ambient soil and bioaccumulated HMs within the vegetative plant parts occurred as per the order: Sagar South > Bakkhali > Jharkhali > Bali Island. The order of biologically available and bioaccumulated HMs was Zn > Cu > Pb. Interestingly, the selected HMs display high organ-specificity for both species with the highest enrichment in roots, followed by stems and leaves. We propose that these halophytes could be used as agents of phytoremediation and their farming would be effective in the ecorestoration of this deltaic complex in context to conservative pollutants.

scholarly journals Effect of In Ovo Injection of L-Arginine in Different Chicken Embryonic Development Stages on Post-Hatchability, Immune Response, and Myo-D and Myogenin Proteins

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Allur Subramaniyan ◽  
Da Rae Kang ◽  
Jin Ryong Park ◽  
Sharif Hasan Siddiqui ◽  
Palanisamy Ravichandiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection with different ratios of L-arginine (L-Arg) into Ross broiler eggs at three different embryonic developmental stages (eighth day (d), 14th day, and 18th day) on the survival, hatchability, and body weight (BW) of one-day-old hatched chicks. Additionally, we have analyzed the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), the protein expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), and we have also determined micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormality (NA). In addition, the genotoxic effect was observed in peripheral blood cells such as the presence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in the experimental groups. The results showed that survival and hatching rates as well as body weight were increased on the 14th day of incubation compared to the eighth and 18th day of incubation at lower concentrations of L-Arg. Moreover, the levels of SGOT and SGPT were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased on the 14th day of incubation at the same concentration (100 μg/μL/egg) of injection. In addition, immunoglobulin (IgM) levels were increased on the 14th day of incubation compared to other days. The protein expressions of HSP-47, HSP-60, and HSP-70 in the liver were significantly down-regulated, whereas the expression of myogenin and myoblast determination protein (MyoD) were significantly up-regulated on the 14th day after incubation when treated with all different doses such as 100 μg, 1000 μg, and 2500 μg/μL/egg, namely 3T1, 3T2, and 3T3, respectively. However, the treatment with low doses of L-Arg down-regulated the expression levels of those proteins on the 14th day of incubation. Histopathology of the liver by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the majority of liver damage, specifically intracytoplasmic vacuoles, were observed in the 3T1, 3T2, and 3T3 groups. The minimum dose of 100 μg/mL/egg on the 14th day of incubation significantly prevented intracytoplasmic vacuole damages. These results demonstrate that in ovo administration of L-Arg at (100 μg/μL/egg) may be an effective method to increase chick BW, hatch rate, muscle growth-related proteins, and promote the immune response through increasing IgM on the 14th day of the incubation period.

scholarly journals Improving Tolerance of Faba Bean during Early Growth Stages to Salinity through Micronutrients Foliar Spray

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. EL FOULY ◽  
Zeinab M. MOBARAK ◽  
Zeinab A. SALAMA
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Salinity, either of soil or of irrigation water, causes disturbances in plant growth and nutrient balance. Previous work indicates that applying nutrients by foliar application increases tolerance to salinity. A pot experiment with three replicates was carried out in the green house of NRC, Cairo, Egypt, to study the effect of micronutrients foliar application on salt tolerance of faba bean. Two concentrations of a micronutrient compound (0.1% and 0.15%) were sprayed in two different treatments prior to or after the salinity treatments. Levels of NaCl (0.00-1000-2000-5000 ppm) were supplied to irrigation water. Results indicated that 2000 and 5000 ppm NaCl inhibited growth and nutrient uptake. Spraying micronutrients could restore the negative effect of salinity on dry weight and nutrients uptake, when sprayed either before or after the salinity treatments. It is suggested that micronutrient foliar sprays could be used to improve plant tolerance to salinity.

Bacterial endophyte mediated plant tolerance to salinity: growth responses and mechanisms of action

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prity Kushwaha ◽  
Prem Lal Kashyap ◽  
Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj ◽  
Pandiyan Kuppusamy ◽  
Alok Kumar Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Bacterial Endophyte ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Comparative proteomic analysis of chestnut blight fungus,Cryphonectria parasitica, under tannic-acid-inducing and hypovirus-regulating conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Mi Kim ◽  
Jin-Ah Park ◽  
Dae-Hyuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Chestnut Blight Fungus ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Hypothetical Genes

Chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica , and its hypovirus present a useful model system for investigating the mechanisms of hypoviral infection. To identify gene products associated with fungal pathogenicity and hypoviral regulation, we attempted a proteomic analysis of the virus-free EP155/2 strain and its isogenic virus-infected UEP1 strain in response to tannic acid (TA), which is abundant in the bark of chestnut trees. In this study, pretreatment of mycelia grown on TA-supplemented media was developed for proteomic analysis. Approximately 704 proteins from the mycelia of the EP155/2 strain were reproducibly present in 3 independent extractions. Among these, 111 and 79 spots were found to be responsive to hypovirus infection and TA supplementation, respectively. The TA-grown UEP1 strain yielded 28 spots showing an expression pattern different from that of untreated UEP1. Thirty protein spots showing considerable differences in spot density were selected for further analysis. Hybrid tandem LC-MS/MS spectrometry of the 30 selected protein spots revealed that 29 were identified while 1 was unidentified. Among the identified 29 proteins, 15 were metabolic enzymes; 5 were stress-related, of which 4 were heat-shock proteins and 1 was glutathione S-transferase; 5 were signaling and cellular process-related proteins; 2 were structural proteins; and 2 matched proteins of hypothetical genes.

Aquaporins in Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1321-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Maurel ◽  
Yann Boursiac ◽  
Doan-Trung Luu ◽  
Véronique Santoni ◽  
Zaigham Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cytosolic Ph ◽  
Membrane Compartments ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Symbiotic Organisms ◽  
Physiological Substrates

Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes of most living organisms. In plants, aquaporins occur as multiple isoforms reflecting a high diversity of cellular localizations, transport selectivity, and regulation properties. Plant aquaporins are localized in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, plastids and, in some species, in membrane compartments interacting with symbiotic organisms. Plant aquaporins can transport various physiological substrates in addition to water. Of particular relevance for plants is the transport of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia or metalloids such as boron and silicon. Structure-function studies are developed to address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of plant aquaporin gating and subcellular trafficking. Phosphorylation plays a central role in these two processes. These mechanisms allow aquaporin regulation in response to signaling intermediates such as cytosolic pH and calcium, and reactive oxygen species. Combined genetic and physiological approaches are now integrating this knowledge, showing that aquaporins play key roles in hydraulic regulation in roots and leaves, during drought but also in response to stimuli as diverse as flooding, nutrient availability, temperature, or light. A general hydraulic control of plant tissue expansion by aquaporins is emerging, and their role in key developmental processes (seed germination, emergence of lateral roots) has been established. Plants with genetically altered aquaporin functions are now tested for their ability to improve plant tolerance to stresses. In conclusion, research on aquaporins delineates ever expanding fields in plant integrative biology thereby establishing their crucial role in plants.

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