Multi-Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin (4′,5,7-Trihydroxyflavonone): Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms

Extensive research has been carried out during the last few decades, providing a detailed account of thousands of discovered phytochemicals and their biological activities that have the potential to be exploited for a wide variety of medicinal purposes. These phytochemicals, which are pharmacologically important for clinical use, primarily consist of polyphenols, followed by terpenoids and alkaloids. There are numerous published reports indicating the primary role of phytochemicals proven to possess therapeutic potential against several diseases. However, not all phytochemicals possess significant medicinal properties, and only some of them exhibit viable biological effects. Naringenin, a flavanone found in citrus fruits, is known to improve immunity, repair DNA damage, and scavenge free radicals. Despite the very low bioavailability of naringenin, it is known to exhibit various promising biological properties of medicinal importance, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This review focuses on the various aspects related to naringenin, particularly its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Furthermore, various pharmacological activities of naringenin, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and gastroprotective effects, have been discussed along with their mechanisms of action.

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Isatis tinctoria L. (Woad): A Review of Its Botany, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Biotechnological Studies

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9030298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 298 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jasmine Speranza ◽

Natalizia Miceli ◽

Maria Fernanda Taviano ◽

Salvatore Ragusa ◽

Inga Kwiecień ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Future Research ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Isatis Tinctoria ◽

Enhanced Production

Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae), which is commonly known as woad, is a species with an ancient and well-documented history as an indigo dye and medicinal plant. Currently, I. tinctoria is utilized more often as medicinal remedy and also as a cosmetic ingredient. In 2011, I. tinctoria root was accepted in the official European phytotherapy by introducing its monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia. The biological properties of raw material have been known from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Over recent decades, I. tinctoria has been investigated both from a phytochemical and a biological point of view. The modern in vitro and in vivo scientific studies proved anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. The phytochemical composition of I. tinctoria has been thoroughly investigated and the plant was proven to contain many valuable biologically active compounds, including several alkaloids, among which tryptanthrin, indirubin, indolinone, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides as well as glucosinolates, carotenoids, volatile constituents, and fatty acids. This article provides a general botanical and ethnobotanical overview that summarizes the up-to-date knowledge on the phytochemistry and biological properties of this valuable plant in order to support its therapeutic potential. Moreover, the biotechnological studies on I. tinctoria, which mainly focused on hairy root cultures for the enhanced production of flavonoids and alkaloids as well as on the establishment of shoot cultures and micropropagation protocols, were reviewed. They provide input for future research prospects.

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Effects on mammalian cell transcriptome reveal a plant extract's medicinal properties: Potential anti-COVID-19 and anti-cancer properties of Sarcopoterium spinosum

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1250188/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Valid Gahramanov ◽

Moria Oz ◽

Tzemach Aouizerat ◽

Mali Salmon-Divon ◽

Tovit Rosenzweig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cell ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

Functional Screening ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Sarcopoterium Spinosum

Abstract Plants with medicinal properties are usually identified based on traditional medicine knowledge or using low-throughput screens for specific pharmacological activities. Here, we suggest a different approach to uncover a range of pharmacological activities of a chosen plant extract without the need for functional screening. This tactic predicts biological activities of a plant extract based on pathway analysis of transcriptome changes caused by the extract in mammalian cell culture. In this work, we identified transcriptome changes after exposure of cultured cells to an extract of the medicinal plant Sarcopoterium spinosum. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) confirmed known anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of the extract and predicted novel biological effects on oxidative phosphorylation and interferon pathways. Experimental validation of these pathways uncovered strong activation of autophagy, including mitophagy, and astounding protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study shows that gene expression analysis alone is insufficient for predicting biological effects since some of the changes reflect compensatory effects, and additional biochemical tests provide necessary corrections. In conclusion, this study defines the advantages and limitations of an approach towards predicting the biological and medicinal effects of plant extracts based on transcriptome changes caused by these extracts in mammalian cells.

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Therapeutic potential of oxadiazole or furadiazole containing compounds

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-020-00721-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ankit Siwach ◽

Prabhakar Kumar Verma

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Biological Properties ◽

New Drugs ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Methylene Groups ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

Azole Ring ◽

Derivatives Of

AbstractAs we know that, Oxadiazole or furadi azole ring containing derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. A heterocyclic five-membered ring that possesses two carbons, one oxygen atom, two nitrogen atoms, and two double bonds is known as oxadiazole. They are derived from furan by the replacement of two methylene groups (= CH) with two nitrogen (-N =) atoms. The aromaticity was reduced with the replacement of these groups in the furan ring to such an extent that it shows conjugated diene character. Four different known isomers of oxadiazole were existed such as 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole & 1,3,4-oxadiazole. Among them, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles & 1,2,4-oxadiazoles are better known and more widely studied by the researchers due to their broad range of chemical and biological properties. 1,3,4-oxadiazoles have become important synthons in the development of new drugs. The derivatives of the oxadiazole nucleus (1,3,4-oxadiazoles) show various biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-mycobacterial, antitumor, anti-viral and antioxidant activity, etc. as reported in the literature. There are different examples of commercially available drugs which consist of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring such as nitrofuran derivative (Furamizole) which has strong antibacterial activity, Raltegravir as an antiviral drug and Nesapidil drug is used in anti-arrhythmic therapy. This present review summarized some pharmacological activities and various kinds of synthetic routes for 2, 5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole, and their derived products.

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Current Advances in the Biological Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium with Intriguing Therapeutic Potential

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170227114648 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 1663-1681 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chun-Ting Lee ◽

Heng-Chun Kuo ◽

Yung-Hsiang Chen ◽

Ming-Yen Tsai

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Research Field ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

The Family ◽

Anti Tumor Activity

The polysaccharides in many plants are attracting worldwide attention because of their biological activities and medical properties, such as anti-viral, anti-oxidative, antichronic inflammation, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulation, and neuron-protective effects, as well as anti-tumor activity. Denodrobium species, a genus of the family orchidaceae, have been used as herbal medicines for hundreds of years in China due to their pharmacological effects. These effects include nourishing the Yin, supplementing the stomach, increasing body fluids, and clearing heat. Recently, numerous researchers have investigated possible active compounds in Denodrobium species, such as lectins, phenanthrenes, alkaloids, trigonopol A, and polysaccharides. Unlike those of other plants, the biological effects of polysaccharides in Dendrobium are a novel research field. In this review, we focus on these novel findings to give readers an overall picture of the intriguing therapeutic potential of polysaccharides in Dendrobium, especially those of the four commonly-used Denodrobium species: D. huoshanense, D. offininale, D. nobile, and D. chrysotoxum.

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Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine and Its Homologues. Chemical and Biological Properties. A Review

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc20040499 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 499-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Petra Beranová ◽

Karel Chalupský ◽

Gustav Entlicher

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Biological Properties ◽

No Synthase ◽

Point Of View ◽

No Donor ◽

Good Substrate ◽

No Formation ◽

Vasorelaxant Activity

Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) is a stable intermediate in NO formation from L-arginine catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS). Apparently, NOHA can be released and serve as a stable reserve NO donor (as a substrate of NOS) or transported and exert its own biological effects. It shows endothelium-dependent as well as endothelium-independent vasorelaxant activity. The latter case indicates that NOHA can be metabolized by pathways independent of NOS. These possibilities are discussed in detail. Of the available NOHA homologues homo-NOHA is a good substrate of NOS while nor-NOHA seems to be a very poor substrate of this enzyme. On the contrary, nor-NOHA exerts arginase inhibitory activity 20 times higher than NOHA whereas homo-NOHA is inactive. Detailed investigation of biological activities of NOHA and its homologues seems to be promising from the pharmacological point of view. A review with 43 references.

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N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): Impacts on Human Health

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10060967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 967

Author(s):

Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório ◽

Nayara Gomes Graciliano ◽

Fabiana Andréa Moura ◽

Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽

Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Primary Role ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Biochemical Basis ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Anti Inflammatory

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medicine widely used to treat paracetamol overdose and as a mucolytic compound. It has a well-established safety profile, and its toxicity is uncommon and dependent on the route of administration and high dosages. Its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity is the biochemical basis used to treat several diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The primary role of NAC as an antioxidant stems from its ability to increase the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH), which is the most crucial biothiol responsible for cellular redox imbalance. As an anti-inflammatory compound, NAC can reduce levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β) by suppressing the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Despite NAC’s relevant therapeutic potential, in several experimental studies, its effectiveness in clinical trials, addressing different pathological conditions, is still limited. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the medicinal effects and applications of NAC to human health based on current therapeutic evidence.

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Harnessing the medicinal properties of Cussonia barteri Seem. (Araliaceae) in drug development. A review

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2018-0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 50-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ighodaro Igbe ◽

Osaze Edosuyi ◽

Agbonlahor Okhuarobo

Keyword(s):

Drug Development ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Deciduous Tree ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Novel Drug

Summary Cussonia barteri Seem (Araliaceae) is a deciduous tree growing in savannah of Africa. Ethnomedicinally, it is used in Africa as an analgesic, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-anaemic, anti-diarhoea, anti-poison, ani-pyschotic and anti-epileptic agent. This review provides a brief summary on the phytochemical screenings, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological applications of various parts of C. barteri. Leaves, stem bark and seed of C. barteri have been shown to be rich in saponins, flavonoids, phenols, sugars and alkaloids. Some of these constituents have been isolated and elucidated from C. barteri. Several compounds isolated from plant include triterpenes, saponins, polyenyne and quinic esters. Phytochemical constituents are also partly responsible for biological activities of C. barteri. Extracts and components isolated from the plant have demonstrated neuropharmacological, anti-larvicidal, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Overall, the insights provided by this review reinforce the potential of C. barteri for drug development and create the need for further scientific probe of constituents of the plant with the aim of developing novel drug candidates.

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Therapeutic potential of seaweeds

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20211660 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 591

Author(s):

Rajeev Goel ◽

Tushar Saini ◽

Binny Mahendru

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Medicinal Compounds ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Marine Nutrients

Seaweeds in general are known to contribute to the maintenance of health through their nutritional and medicinal properties and are served in soups and salads, cooked with grains, legumes or miso-soup broth, vegetable pies, stews and even consumed dried. The medicinal properties of seaweeds or vegetables have long been known in many cultures of people particularly those living in the coastal regions who are consuming these from centuries. Traditional Chinese dietotherapy (TCD) makes good use of natural marine nutrients and food to preserve health. Koreans wrap their bodies in seaweeds to get rid of deadly body toxins and Japanese who eat large quantities of seaweeds have very low incidence of cancers. The compounds with diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, antineoplastic, antimicrobial etc. have been isolated from the flora in the sea. A score of these bio-medicinal compounds are in different stages of clinical trials & analysis and are the focus of this article.

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Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Waste as Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds for Aquaculture

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9070843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 843

Author(s):

Nayely Leyva-López ◽

Cynthia E. Lizárraga-Velázquez ◽

Crisantema Hernández ◽

Erika Y. Sánchez-Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Food Additives ◽

Well Being ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Added Value ◽

Bodies Of Water

The agroindustry generates a large amount of waste. In postharvest, food losses can reach up to 50%. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, and β-glucans, among others. Several biological activities have been attributed to these compounds; for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gut microbiota, and immune system modulators. These properties have been associated with improvements in health. Recently, the approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The exploitation of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture has a triple objective—to provide added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the well-being of organisms through nutrition. However, to make use of the waste, it is necessary to revalue them, mainly by determining their biological effects in aquaculture organisms. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes, their biological properties, and their application in aquaculture will be addressed here.

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The Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin: A Review of Clinical Trials

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph12010011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Bahare Salehi ◽

Patrick Fokou ◽

Mehdi Sharifi-Rad ◽

Paolo Zucca ◽

Raffaele Pezzani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Citrus Fruits ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Cardioprotective Effects ◽

Compromised Patients ◽

Cardioprotective Action

Naringenin is a flavonoid belonging to flavanones subclass. It is widely distributed in several Citrus fruits, bergamot, tomatoes and other fruits, being also found in its glycosides form (mainly naringin). Several biological activities have been ascribed to this phytochemical, among them antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic and cardioprotective effects. Nonetheless, most of the data reported have been obtained from in vitro or in vivo studies. Although some clinical studies have also been performed, the main focus is on naringenin bioavailability and cardioprotective action. In addition, these studies were done in compromised patients (i.e., hypercholesterolemic and overweight), with a dosage ranging between 600 and 800 μM/day, whereas the effect on healthy volunteers is still debatable. In fact, naringenin ability to improve endothelial function has been well-established. Indeed, the currently available data are very promising, but further research on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects is encouraged to improve both available production and delivery methods and to achieve feasible naringenin-based clinical formulations.

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