scholarly journals Novel Hydrophobic Associating Polymer with Good Salt Tolerance

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincheng Mao ◽  
Hongzhong Tan ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Wenlong Zhang ◽  
Xiaojiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Hydration Shell ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Sodium Acrylate ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Associating Polymer

A hydrophobic associating polymer named DiPHAM (acrylamide/sodium acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic/sodium acrylate/N,N-di-n-dodecylacrylamide) with good salt tolerance was synthesized via photo-initiation polymerization. The critical association concentration (CAC) of DiPHAM was determined by viscosity changes to be 490 mg/L with different DiPHAM concentrations and particle sizes varied under such dynamic conditions. The influences of aqueous metal ions with different charges on its aqueous solution were investigated by measuring apparent viscosity, viscoelasticity, thixotropy, rheology, and particle size, and by SEM observation. The apparent viscosity of the DiPHAM solution was affected by metal ions to some extent, but the viscosity of the polymer can be still maintained at 55 mPa·s under 20 × 104 mg/L NaCl. Divalent metal ions show greater impact on DiPHAM aqueous solutions, but the polymer solutions showed resistance to the changes caused in viscosity, structure, and viscoelasticity by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. The salt tolerance of DiPHAM is due to the combination of hydrophobic association, the electrostatic shield, and double layer compression of the hydration shell. Increasing the ion concentration enhances the dehydration and further compresses the hydration shell, making the non-structural viscosity decrease, even “salting out”. Measurements of rheological properties showed that DiPHAM solutions could maintain a relatively high viscosity (0.6%-71 mPa·s/0.3%-50 mPa·s) after 120 min of continuous shearing (170 s−1) at 140 °C. Under high-salinity (5000 mg/L Ca2+/3000 mg/L Mg2+) conditions, the solution with 0.6 wt% DiPHAM still maintained a high viscosity (50 mPa·s/70 mPa·s) after continuously shearing for 120 min at 120 °C and 170 s−1. The good salt tolerance of DiPHAM can lead to a variety of applications, including in fracturing fluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and in sewage treatment.

scholarly journals Preparation of a Hydrophobic-Associating Polymer with Ultra-High Salt Resistance Using Synergistic Effect

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Jincheng Mao ◽  
Jinzhou Zhao ◽  
Xiaojiang Yang ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Micellar Polymerization ◽  
Associating Polymer

Polymer, SRP-2-1, was synthesized by micellar polymerization and characterized by 1H NMR. Salt tolerance and viscoelasticity tests verified that the salt resistance of SRP-2-1 was promoted by the synergistic effects of oxyethylene groups, sulfonate, and hydrophobic chains. It is suggested that the structure of SRP-2-1 became more compact with increasing salinity. Furthermore, a mechanism is proposed as to why SRP-2-1 solution has excellent salt-resistance properties. The experimental results indicate that, because of the good shear resistance properties, the polymer SRP-2-1 could be used as an alternative in many fields, for instance in fracturing fluids, enhanced oil recovery, and sewage treatment.

Use of agro-waste (Musa paradisiaca peels) as a sustainable biosorbent for toxic metal ions removal from contaminated water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

A study of removal of heavy metal ions from heavy metal contaminated water using agro-waste was carried out with Musa paradisiaca peels as test adsorbent. The study was carried by adding known quantities of lead (II) ions and cadmium (II) ions each and respectively into specific volume of water and adding specific dose of the test adsorbent into the heavy metal ion solution, and the mixture was agitated for a specific period of time and then the concentration of the metal ion remaining in the solution was determined with Perkin Elmer Atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 2380. The effect of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature were considered. From the effect of contact time results equilibrium concentration was established at 60minutes. The percentage removal of these metal ions studied, were all above 90%. Adsorption and percentage removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from their aqueous solutions were affected by change in initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose pH and temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed the adsorption of the metal ions on the test adsorbent with good mathematical fits into Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Regression correlation (R2) values of the isotherm plots are all positive (>0.9), which suggests too, that the adsorption fitted into the isotherms considered.

scholarly journals Aqueous hybrids of amino-functionalized nanosilica and acrylamide-based polymer for enhanced oil recovery

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (66) ◽  
pp. 38056-38064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cao ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
Yuejun Zhu ◽  
Xiujun Wang ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Polymer Hybrid

The amino-functionalized nanosilica/polymer hybrid systems have better salt tolerance and EOR performance than unmodified nanosilica polymer hybrid systems.

Separation of Heavy Metal Ions from the Solution Obtained by Leaching Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Pyrite and H2SO4

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Xing Zou ◽  
Xiang Quan Chen ◽  
Hai Chao Xie ◽  
Xiao Dan Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Concentration

The manganese sulfate solution leached from low-grade pyrolusite with pyrite and H2SO4 contains heavy metal ions of high concentration, influencing the quality of the final products of manganese compounds and causing manganese ions not to be electrolyzed. The present study was focused on the separation of Co, Ni and Zn ions from the leached solution with BaS. By controlling the pH value at 5.0-6.5, temperature at 50-60°C, reaction time at 15 min and mixing velocity at 78 rpm, the heavy metal ions could be separated effectively. Under the above optimized conditions, the ion concentration of Co, Ni, and Zn in the solution was reduced to 0.06 mg.L-1, 0.27mg.L-1 and 0.01mg.L-1, and the separation efficiency was 99.72%, 99.18% and 99.9% respectively. The obtained pure solution meets the demands of manganese electrowinning.

Differences in solubility parameters and susceptibility to salting-out between softwood and hardwood lignosulfonates

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt O. Myrvold
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Hofmeister Series ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
A Minor

Abstract The salting-out of lignosulfonates (LSs) follows the Hofmeister series, but different LSs show different susceptibility to salting-out. By comparing results for a large number of LSs from different plant species, pulping conditions, and post-treatment of the LS, it was found that the salting-out concentration for different LSs is mainly due to differences in the plant species with guaiacyl LS being much more salt-tolerant than guaiacyl-syringyl LS. The pulping conditions have only a minor effect on the salt tolerance of the different LSs. Post-treatment that increases the molecular weight or reduces the sulfonation also reduces the salt tolerance.

Membrane transport systems. II. Transport of alkali metal ions against their concentration gradients

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1734-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Fyles ◽  
Virginia A. Malik-Diemer ◽  
Dennis M. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Alkali Metal Ions ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Membrane Transport Systems

An artificial membrane system based on a series of macrocyclic polyether carriers (crown ethers) is described. Under the influence of a proton gradient the carriers move alkali metal ions from basic to acidic solution through a chloroform membrane phase. Transport occurs against the concentration gradient of the transported ion as a result of a coupled counterflow of protons. Different transport behaviors are observed depending upon the metal ion concentration. At high metal ion concentration the amount transported is a linear function of time; at lower metal ion concentration the amount transported is a complex function of time which may be described as the result of a pair of consecutive first order processes. Effects of metal ion, carrier, and proton concentration on transport rate are considered. The rate increases with increasing metal ion or carrier concentration but is essentially independent of the pH of either aqueous phase. Increased lipophilicity of the carrier also results in a rate increase. Carriers derived from 18-crown-6 transport potassium selectively and all ions more rapidly than 15-crown-5 derivatives which are, however, selective for sodium. The overall efficiency of the system is discussed in terms of competing "leak" reactions, either of cations from the basic phase or of anions from the acidic phase.

scholarly journals Laboratory Studies of Carboniferous Reservoirs of High-Viscosity Oil Fields Using Carbondioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-385
Author(s):  
Stanislav A. Kalinin ◽  
◽  
Oleg A. Morozyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Carrier ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Matrix Blocks ◽  
High Viscosity Oil

It is of current concern for the Permian-Carboniferous reservior of the Usinskoye field to develop low-permeable matrix blocks of carboniferous reservoirs, which contain major reserves of high-viscosity oil. To increase effectiveness of the currently used thermal oil recovery methods, the authors suggest using carbon dioxide as a reservoir stimulation agent. Due to a high mobility in its supercritical condition, СО2 is, theoretically, able to penetrate matrix blocks, dissolve in oil and, additionally, decrease its viscosity. Thus, СО2 applications together with a heat carrier could increase effectiveness of the high-viscosity oil recoveries and improve production parameters of the Permian-Carboniferous reservior of the Usinskoye field. During carbon dioxide injections, including combinations with various agents, some additional oil production is possible due to certain factors. Determination of the influencing factors and detection of the most critical ones is possible in laboratory tests. So, laboratory studies entail the key stage in justification of the technology effectiveness. The paper deals with describing the laboratory facilities and methodologies based on reviews of the best world practice and previous laboratory researches. These aim at evaluating effectiveness of thermal, gas and combined oil recovery enhancement methods. In particular, the authors explore experimental facilities and propose methodology to perform integrated researches of the combined heat carrier and carbon dioxide injection technology to justify the effective super-viscous oil recovery method.

scholarly journals Removal of barium, cobalt, strontium and zinc from solution by natural and synthetic allophane adsorbents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Baldermann ◽  
Andrea Cäcilia Grießbacher ◽  
Claudia Baldermann ◽  
Bettina Purgstaller ◽  
Ilse Letofsky-Papst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Metal Ion Removal ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Transmission Electron

The capacity and the mechanism of the adsorption of aqueous barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) by Ecuadorian (NatAllo) and synthetic (SynAllo-1 and SynAllo-2) allophanes were studied as a function of contact time, pH and metal ion concentration using kinetic and equilibrium experiments. The mineralogy, nano-structure and chemical composition of the allophanes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and specific surface area analyses. The evolution of adsorption fitted to a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, where equilibrium between aqueous metal ions and allophane was reached within < 10 min. The metal ion removal efficiencies varied from 0.7 to 99.7 % at pH 4.0 to 8.5. At equilibrium, the adsorption behavior is better described by the Langmuir model than by the Dubinin-Radushkevich model, yielding sorption capacities of 10.6, 17.2 and 38.6 mg/g for Ba^(2+), 12.4, 19.3 and 29.0 mg/g for HCoO_2^-, 7.2, 15.9 and 34.4 mg/g for Sr^(2+) and 20.9, 26.9 and 36.9 mg/g for Zn^(2+), respectively, by NatAllo, SynAllo-2 and SynAllo-1. The uptake mechanism is based on a physical adsorption process. Allophane holds great potential to remove aqueous metal ions and could be used instead of zeolites, montmorillonite, carbonates and phosphates for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Effective removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using a new chelating resin poly [2,5-(1,3,4-thiadiazole)-benzalimine]: kinetic and thermodynamic study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Dinesh Kirupha ◽  
Selvaraj Kalaivani ◽  
Thangaraj Vidhyadevi ◽  
Periyaraman Premkumar ◽  
Palanithamy Baskaralingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Experimental Values

A novel poly [2,5-(1,3,4-thiadiazole)-benzalimine] abbreviated as TDPI adsorbent was synthesized using simple polycondensation technique. The synthetic route involves the preparation of 2,5-diamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole from 2,5-dithiourea and subsequent condensation with terephthalaldehyde. The resin was chemically characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis. Surface morphology and thermal stability were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of the pH value of solution, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial metal ion concentration were investigated by batch equilibrium adsorption experiments. Kinetic studies show that the adsorption of metal ions onto the resin proceeds according to the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium data were best interpreted by the Redlich–Peterson isotherm. The experimental values of the adsorption capacities of Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ on to TDPI could reach up to 437.2, 491.6, 493.7, and 481.9 mg.g−1 respectively. The exothermic nature of the process, the affinity of the adsorbent towards the metal ions and the feasibility of the process are explained in the thermodynamic parameters. The resin stability and re-usability studies suggest that the resin is chemically stable (0.3 N HCl and H2SO4) and could be regenerated without any serious decline in performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document