scholarly journals Water Footprint Assessment of Selected Polymers, Polymer Blends, Composites, and Biocomposites for Industrial Application

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Korol ◽  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Dorota Burchart-Korol ◽  
Błażej Chmielnicki ◽  
Klaudiusz Wypiór
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

This paper presents a water footprint assessment of polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biocomposites based on a standardized EUR-pallet case study. The water footprint analysis is based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The study investigates six variants of EUR-pallet production depending on the materials used. The system boundary included the production of each material and the injection molding to obtain a standardized EUR-pallet of complex properties. This paper shows the results of a water footprint of six composition variants of analyzed EUR-pallet, produced from biocomposites and composites based on polypropylene, poly(lactic acid), cotton fibers, jute fibers, kenaf fibers, and glass fibers. Additionally, a water footprint of applied raw materials was evaluated. The highest water footprint was observed for cotton fibers as a reinforcement of the analyzed biocomposites and composites. The water footprint of cotton fibers is caused by the irrigation of cotton crops. The results demonstrate that the standard EUR-pallet produced from polypropylene with glass fibers as reinforcement can contribute to the lowest water footprint.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Carbon, Ecological, and Water Footprints of Polypropylene-Based Composites Filled with Cotton, Jute and Kenaf Fibers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3541
Author(s):  
Jerzy Korol ◽  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Dorota Burchart-Korol ◽  
Jan Wachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Composites containing natural fibers are considered environmentally friendly materials which is related to the reduced use of fossil fuels and the emission of carbon dioxide compared to petroleum-based polymers. Nevertheless, a complete evaluation of their environmental impact requires a broader view. This paper presents a carbon, ecological, and water footprints assessment of polypropylene-based composites filled with cotton, jute, and kenaf fibers based on a standardized European pallet (EUR-pallet) case study. Obtained results were compared with unmodified polypropylene and composite with glass fibers. Incorporation of 30 wt% of cotton, jute, and kenaf fibers into a polypropylene matrix reduced its carbon footprint by 3%, 18%, and 18%, respectively. Regarding the ecological footprint, an 8.2% and 9.4% reduction for jute and kenaf fibers were noted, while for cotton fibers, its value increased by 52%. For these footprints, the use of jute and kenaf fibers was more beneficial than glass fibers. Nevertheless, the application of natural fibers caused a 286%, 758%, and 891% drastic increase of water footprint of the final product, which was mainly affected by cultivation and irrigation of crops. Therefore, in a holistic view, the incorporation of natural fibers into the polypropylene matrix definitely cannot be impartially considered as an environmentally friendly solution.

scholarly journals Measuring the sustainability of wood consumption at the household level in Indonesia: Case study in Bogor, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutfy Abdulah ◽  
Endang Suhendang ◽  
Herry Purnomo ◽  
Juang Rata Matangaran
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
End User ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Wood Consumption

Abstract. Abdulah L, Suhendang E, Purnomo H, Mattangaran JR. 2020. Measuring the sustainability of wood consumption at the household level in Indonesia: Case study in Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 457-464. Data on consumption of wood products at the end-user level does not yet exist. This is caused by variations in the shape of wood products and raw materials used. Meanwhile, information on the level of consumption per capita is needed to measure sustainability consumption at the household level, determine the volume of wood production and carbon storage in wood products in the household. The novelty of this study is in method for measure wood product consumption. The aim of this study was to estimate the level of wood consumption at the household level in the form of use for construction and furniture. The method used was a survey of wood products at the industrial level and to make a database and then confirmed to households to determine the level of consumption. The results showed that wood products in the household are divided into 2 main parts namely construction and furniture. The level of wood consumption varied greatly depending on the type of roof, the number of doors and windows and the amount of furniture used. The level of consumption in Bogor reached 0.1 m3 per capita. This consumption was influenced by the time of use and the size of family.

scholarly journals Analisis Persediaan Karton dengan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) (Studi Kasus: PT. Asegar Murni Jaya, Minahasa Utara)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Therechia A.F. Soares ◽  
Chriestie E.J.C. Montolalu ◽  
Tohap Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Order Quantity ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Inventory Costs ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
Materials Used

Karton merupakan salah satu bahan baku pembantu yang digunakan dalam produksi Air Mineral dalam Kemasan. Menurut beberapa penelitian Metode EOQ digunakan untuk menganalisa persediaan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dan pengoptimalan biaya yang dapat dilakukan dengan metode EOQ.  Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 hingga Januari 2020 di perusahaan PT. Asegar Murni Jaya. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu frekuensi kebutuhan karton, biaya pemesanan bahan baku dan biaya penyimpanan bahan baku.  Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pemesanan ekonomis menurut metode EOQ untuk karton dengan biaya optimal sebesar  unit untuk periode November 2017 – Oktober 2018 dan unit untuk periode November 2018 – Oktober 2019. Terjadi penghematan dalam biaya persediaan untuk periode November 2017 – Oktober 2018 sebesar  dan untuk periode November 2018 – Oktober 2019 sebesar .Kata kunci: Economic Order Quantity;  karton;  persediaan Carton Inventory Analysis Using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method (Case Study: PT. Asegar Murni Jaya, Minahasa Utara)ABSTRACTCarton is one of the supporting raw materials used in the production of bottled  or glass mineral water. Based on some research, for analyzed inventory will be used  Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method. The purpose of this research was to determine the amount of economic order using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). This research was conducted in November 2019 until January 2020 at PT. Asegar Murni Jaya. Variables used i.e the frequency of carton demand, ordering cost and holding cost.  The results show that it can be seen that economical order according to EOQ method cartons is  pcs for November 2017 – October 2018 periode and for November 2018 – October 2019 periode. There were savings in inventory costs for the period November 2017 - October 2018 amounting to  and for the period November 2018 - October 2019 amounting to .Keywords : Carton; Economic Order Quantity; inventory

scholarly journals Investigations of potsherds of miniature cups and household pots from the first millennium AD (the case study on the Western Lithuanian ceramics)

Chemija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas Giraitis ◽  
Audronė Bliujienė ◽  
Aušra Selskienė ◽  
Vidas Pakštas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Composition Point ◽  
Firing Technology ◽  
Materials Used

This article presents data on the structure and elemental composition of hand-built miniature cups with a smooth surface, that were enclosed into burials as funeral pottery, and household pots dated to the first millennium AD found in four different archaeological sites of Western Lithuania. Investigated funeral and household pottery samples reflect the chemical composition of the local raw materials used for their production, while the variations in composition point to different clay locations, as well as use of distinct tempers and peculiarities of ceramics firing technology.

scholarly journals Using lean manufacturing tools to reduce waste and loss in the production process - A case study on a production plant for bottling water -: استخدام أدوات التصنيع الرشيق لتقليل الهدر والضياع في العملية الإنتاجية – دراسة حالة في معمل إنتاجي لتعبئة المياه –

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Saleh Jabr
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Basic Hypothesis

The research aims to identify the problems that hinder the production process and the most important of these problems is the waste and waste of the available resources, whether in the raw materials used in production or the waste of the time it takes to complete the production process. And the obstacles and benefits achieved from them, using the descriptive analytical method to study the basic hypothesis that says that the use of lean manufacturing tools leads to reducing waste and loss in the production process. The research has concluded that the application of the lean system leads to reducing waste and loss in the production process and thus create value for the customer The use of lean manufacturing tools creates products that meet market needs and according to the level of demand. Among the most important recommendations is the necessity for productive institutions to take into account product quality and not focus on reducing costs in order to meet the customer's desire.

scholarly journals Architectural Ruins: A geocultural essay on the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

Abstract Ruins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of seventeenth-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its construction history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito – the building elements and materials – speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases of its construction. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it met its inhabitants’ needs for shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic essays rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

scholarly journals Petrology and Provenance of Lithic Raw Materials used to knap stone: A Case Study From the Inner Ionian Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Magganas ◽  
Nena Galanidou ◽  
Petros Chatzimpaloglou ◽  
Marianna Kati ◽  
Giorgos Iliopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Silica Diagenesis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Material Provenance ◽  
Pure Sio2

This paper examines the lithology and raw material provenance of knapped stone artifacts recovered from prehistoric sites on Meganisi in the course of the Inner Ionian Sea Archipelago survey. Research was twofold: in the field to map the geology of the island and collect raw material samples, and in the laboratory to conduct a petrological study using LM, XRD, SEM and ICP-MS techniques. The greater part of the materials used to produce stone tools consists of almost pure SiO2, bedded or nodular cherts mainly of Malm–Turonian and Eocene ages. The cherts were collected by prehistoric knappers from local sources. Patinas present on the artifacts are relatively enriched in calcite material of incomplete silica diagenesis and subsequently a product of late weathering and alteration.

scholarly journals Architectural Ruins: A geoheritage of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

Abstract Ruins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of seventeenth-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about building’s history as read from its ruins. The results are expressed from three perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito is revealed in its ruins, which provide a cross-section of its construction history and show two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolita – the building elements and materials – addresses the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. Finally, the geoheritage of Casa Ippolito – how it met its inhabitants’ needs for shelter, water and food – is examined. The case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins are an essay in the geoheritage of material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are geoheritage rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for its users; they are a statement on the well-being of humanity throughout history.

scholarly journals Hazardous Substances Risk Prevention Procedures in Detergents Manufacturing Facilities: Case Study Teba Manufacture: إجراءات الوقاية من مخاطر المواد الخطرة في منشآت تصنيع المنظفات: حالة دراسية مصنع طيبة

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Ahmed Mahmoud Abu Sharakh - Nizam Mahmoud Al-Ashqar -
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Periodic Inspection ◽  
Materials Used

The study aimed to identify the hazardous raw materials used in the Teba Manufactureand to indicate the preventive measures to deal with the risk of hazardous materials in the detergent manufactures. To achieve this aim، the researchers used the descriptive analytical approach to describe the preventive measures used in the Teba Manufacture، Analysis and effective planning to deal with the risk of hazardous materials through field visit and direct observation and interviews with stakeholders. The researchers reached a number of results، the most important of which is need for periodic inspection of hazardous facilities. The Manufacture works on the implementation of prevention and safety measures under difficult economic conditions. The researchers recommended to develop risk management mechanisms for hazardous materials in industrial facilities and to provide vapors for the process of manufacturing.

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