scholarly journals Importance of pH in Synthesis of pH-Responsive Cationic Nano- and Microgels

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Marco Annegarn ◽  
Maxim Dirksen ◽  
Thomas Hellweg
Keyword(s):  
Primary Amine ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Monomer Feed ◽  
Synthesis Yield

While cationic microgels are potentially useful for the transfection or transformation of cells, their synthesis has certain drawbacks regarding size, polydispersity, yield, and incorporation of the cationic comonomers. In this work, a range of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels with different amounts of the primary amine N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMH) as the cationic comonomer were synthesized. Moreover, the pH-value during reaction was varied for the synthesis of microgels with 10 mol% APMH-feed. The microgels were analyzed by means of their size, thermoresponsive swelling behavior, synthesis yield, polydispersity and APMH-incorporation. The copolymerization of APMH leads to a strong decrease in size and yield of the microgels, while less than one third of the nominal APMH monomer feed is incorporated into the microgels. With an increase of the reaction pH up to 9.5, the negative effects of APMH copolymerization were significantly reduced. Above this pH, synthesis was not feasible due to aggregation. The results show that the reaction pH has a strong influence on the synthesis of pH-responsive cationic microgels and therefore it can be used to tailor the microgel properties.

DIP quality influenced by process water quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
DENNIS VOSS ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Contamination Levels

The need for deinking mills to reduce their fresh water consumption has resulted in higher loads of various contaminants in the process water. Lower recovered paper quality also leads to higher contamination levels in the mills. This higher load has an influence on achievable target brightness. The objective of the work was to determine and explain the main reasons for relatively poor deinked pulp quality or poor deinking potential based on the influence of recovered paper composition and process water quality. The process water parameters significantly affect the deinking potential of recovered paper. The test results showed the negative effects of increased water hardness. For standard recovered paper mixtures, flotation selectivity is higher with increasing flotation pH-value. Good results were realized for standard recovered paper with low hardness, low surface tension, and high pH-value. The results for recovered paper containing flexo newsprint could be slightly improved with low hardness, low surface tension, and low pH-value. The results of the test program using design of experiments showed interacting effects of pH-value and surface tension on luminosity and flotation selectivity.

scholarly journals Strong Influence of the Processing of the Antigen on Negative Effects on T Cell Activation by Regions Outside the Determinant Area of Bovine αs1-Casein

1992 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1616-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiro Hisatsune ◽  
Akio Ametani ◽  
Ken-ichi Nishijima ◽  
Atsushi Enomoto ◽  
Shuichi Kaminogawa
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Negative Effects

Rapid removal of caffeine in aqueous solutions by peroxymonosulfate oxidant activated with cobalt ion

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunleiyu Guo ◽  
Tingting Shen ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Xikui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cobalt Ion ◽  
Rapid Removal

The removal of caffeine (CAF) in aqueous solution by peroxymonosulfate oxidant activated with cobalt ion was investigated under a variety of operating conditions. The effects of various operating parameters, such as oxone and Co2+ concentrations, pH value, and the coexistence of dissolved organic matter and inorganic anions on the removal of CAF have been investigated. The removal efficiency increased with the increase in the concentrations of oxone and Co2+ ion added. The additions of chloride, bicarbonate, and sodium humate have negative effects on the removal of CAF. Near-neutral condition (5.0 < pH < 7.0) is favorable for the removal of CAF. Based on our experiments, 100% degradation of 50 mg/L CAF can be achieved within 4 minutes under the conditions of 1.00 mM oxone and 0.10 mM Co2+ ion at pH 5.0–7.0.

scholarly journals The effect of two starter cultures on some chemical and sensory properties of Macedonian traditional sausage

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Monika Stojanova ◽  
Dragutin Đukić
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Staphylococcus Carnosus ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Safe Product ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The aim of this study is to monitor the effect of two starter cultures on some chemical and sensory properties of industrially produced Macedonian traditional sausage. The research covered three variants: Variant 1: Control variant (conventionally produced Macedonian traditional sausages using nitrite salt and powdered acerola); Variant 2: Macedonian traditional sausages where the basic formulation was enriched by addition of starter culture CS-300 (Staphylococcus carnosus ssp. utilis + Staphylococcus carnosus) in combination with Swiss chard powder and powdered acerola; Variant 3: Macedonian traditional sausages where the basic formulation was enriched by addition of starter cultures CS-300 (Staphylococcus carnosus ssp. utilis + Staphylococcus carnosus) and BLC-78 (Pediococcus acidilactici + Staphylococcus carnosus) in combination with Swiss chard powder and powdered acerola. Starter cultures have a positive effect on changing the pH value of sausages, which creates favorable conditions for the development of the desired microflora. In the sausages from variant 2 the value for water activity is constant, and the largest decrease was determined in the variant 3. Nitrate-reducing bacteria in combination with a natural source of nitrates (Swiss chard powder and leek) are a suitable substitute for nitrite salt, thus eliminating its negative effects on consumer health. According to the obtained results, with the use of the starter culture CS-300 good quality of the sausages is achieved. At the same time a safe product is obtained where the use of nitrite salt is completely eliminated.

An Empirical Study to Identify the Factors Influencing the Customer Satisfaction of ATMs in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
R. Muthu Kumar ◽  
G. Varaprasad ◽  
R. Sridharan ◽  
Anandakuttan B. Unnithan
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fee Payment

This exploratory study aims at identifying the influencing factors of customer satisfaction of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). From the literature review and experts’ suggestions, a research model has been developed which consists of six factors namely cash availability, transaction speed, long queue, perceived quality, ease of use and ease/certainty of fee payment. A newly designed questionnaire which was pre-tested on a group of customers has been used for data collection. The validated data have been analyzed using regression analysis to establish the relationship between the six independent factors and customer satisfaction. The results reveal that all the factors are found to influence the customer satisfaction and out of six, only long queue has negative effects as hypothesized. Cash availability and transaction speed are found to have a strong influence on customer satisfaction of ATMs.

Ph-Responsive Swelling Behavior of Collagen Complex Materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiqing Zhang ◽  
Lingrong Liu ◽  
Haiying Zhou ◽  
Xiaoyu Wu ◽  
K. D. Yao
Keyword(s):  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
Ph Responsive

scholarly journals Dependence of the swelling behavior of a pH-responsive PEG-modified nanogel on the cross-link density

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goshu Tamura ◽  
Yuya Shinohara ◽  
Atsushi Tamura ◽  
Yusuke Sanada ◽  
Motoi Oishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Link Density ◽  
Cross Link Density ◽  
The Cross

Taste masking of a drug by pH-responsive coordination polymer-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (111) ◽  
pp. 109453-109459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Ming Bao ◽  
LiQi Wang ◽  
Hou-Qun Yuan ◽  
Xiao-Ying Wang ◽  
Tian-Xiao Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery System

We developed a simple and efficient method for fabricating a taste-masked oral drug delivery system (DDS) that regulates the release of unpleasant drug taste via the change in pH value in the physiological environment of the alimentary canal.

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