Development and Characterization of Polypropylene Waste from Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)-Derived Char-Filled Sugar Palm Starch Biocomposite Briquettes

Slow pyrolysis using a batch reactor at 450 °C was applied to the polypropylene (PP) powder derived from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) isolation gown waste to yield char briquettes, using sugar palm starch (SPS) and a manual hydraulic press. These studies are significant because of reductions in plastic waste from the preparation of barbecue coal due to environmental sustainability. The results presented here include the physical, morphological, thermal, combustion, and mechanical properties of char when reinforced with various percentages of SPS loadings (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%), which act as a matrix/binder to produce char/sugar palm starch (C/SPS) composites. The physical and morphological characteristics of C/SPS composites were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). On the other hand, the thermal and combustion properties of the C/SPS briquettes were studied via thermogravimetric and bomb calorimeter analysis. The results show that the compressive strength of the briquettes increased as the SPS loading increased, whereas the higher heating values (HHV) reduced. The findings indicate that C-80/SPS-20 briquettes presented excellent combustion characteristics (1,761,430 J/g) with satisfactory mechanical strength (1.463 MPa) in the compression test. Thus, C-80/SPS-20 briquettes are the most suitable composites for domestic and commercial uses.

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Obtention and Characterization of Ferrous Chloride FeCl2·4H2O from Water Pickling Liquors

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14174840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 4840

Author(s):

Lorena Alcaraz ◽

Belén Sotillo ◽

José F. Marco ◽

Francisco J. Alguacil ◽

Paloma Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Aged Sample ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ferrous Chloride ◽

Photoluminescence Study ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

As a hazardous waste, water pickling liquors must be properly treated. An alternative consists of promoting the formation of ferrous salts from this residue due to their higher ferrous content. Since FeCl2·4H2O is widely used in several applications, obtaining pure crystals of this material appears to be an interesting prospect. However, this compound has scarcely been investigated. In the present work, FeCl2·4H2O crystals were obtained from water pickling liquors. Their structural and morphological characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy. In addition, the photoluminescence study of the obtained samples was also assessed. It was observed that after some aging time, the obtained crystals changed in colour from green to more yellowish. As such, the aged sample was also evaluated, and their structural characteristics were compared with the original crystals. Despite this, the obtained crystals exhibit a FeCl2·4H2O structure, which is not modified with the aging of the sample.

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Study of the Influence of Granite Residue in Different Compositions to Prepare Ceramic Membranes

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.542 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 798-799 ◽

pp. 542-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosa Carmo Oliveira Lima ◽

H.L. Lira ◽

G.A. Neves ◽

M.C. Silva ◽

K.B. França

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Ceramic Body ◽

Mercury Porosimetry ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Ceramic Membranes ◽

Flux Measurements ◽

Dark Color ◽

Scanning Electron

The exploitation and processing of granite is responsible for generating large quantities of residue, mainly in the sawing step where is producing a dark color mud that is generally discharged directly in the environment without any treatment. The use of granite residue in the production of red ceramic has been widely studied and has shown promising results. The aim of this work is to verify the incorporation of granite residue in the preparation of tubular ceramic membrane in substitution of quartz. In this research it was done the characterization of the raw materials, the membrane preparation with different amount of granite residue and characterization of the membranes by scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry and tangential flux measurements. The results showed that the changing in 10% of granite residue amount in the ceramic body was enough to change the morphological characteristics of the membranes.

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Obtention and Characterization of Ferrous Chloride FeCl2·4H2O from Pickling Waste Liquors

10.20944/preprints202107.0466.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lorena Alcaraz ◽

Belén Sotillo ◽

José F. Marco ◽

Francisco J. Alguacil ◽

Paloma Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Aged Sample ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ferrous Chloride ◽

Photoluminescence Study ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

As a hazardous waste, pickling waste liquor must be properly treated. An alternative consists in promoting the formation of ferrous salts from this residue, due to its higher ferrous content. Since FeCl2·4H2O is widely used in several applications, obtaining pure crystals of this material appears to be an interesting prospect. However, this compound has scarcely been investigated. In the present work, FeCl2·4H2O crystals have been obtained from pickling waste liquors. Their structural and morphological characteristics have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy. In addition, the photoluminescence study of the obtained samples was also assessed. It was observed that after some aging time, the obtained crystals change in colour from green to more yellowish. So, the aged sample has also been evaluated, and their structural characteristics are compared with the original crystals. Despite this, the obtained crystals exhibit a FeCl2·4H2O structure, which is not modified with the aging of the sample.

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Foaming of Polycaprolactone and Its Impregnation with Quercetin Using Supercritical CO2

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11091390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ignacio García-Casas ◽

Antonio Montes ◽

Diego Valor ◽

Clara Pereyra ◽

Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Supercritical Co2 ◽

The Other ◽

Heterogeneous Structure ◽

Significant Delay ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Foam Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

Foamed polycaprolactone impregnated with quercetin was carried out with a batch foaming technique using supercritical CO2. The experimental design was developed to study the influence of pressure (15–30 MPa), temperature (308–333 K), and depressurization rate (0.1–20) on the foam structure, melting temperature, and release tests of composites. The characterization of the experiments was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. It was observed that the porosity created in the polymer had a heterogeneous structure, as well as the impregnation of the quercetin during the process. On the other hand, controlled release tests showed a significant delay in the release of quercetin compared to commercial quercetin.

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The Morphological Characteristics and Composition of Body Surface of Ant and its Relation to Reducing Soil Adherence

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.872 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139-141 ◽

pp. 872-876

Author(s):

Dian Wu Zhang ◽

Yu Xing Wang ◽

Yan Qin Tang ◽

Wen Zeng

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Surface Composition ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

X Ray ◽

Soil Adherence ◽

Energy Spectrometer ◽

Abundant Element ◽

Scanning Electron

The surface of ants was observed, analyzed and tested by using of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy spectrometer technology. On different surface of the ants, the waveform characteristics which were formed by different sizes of grooves were found. These cross sections of waveform surface were waveform curves which had continuous periods and amplitudes. Their sizes varied with different part of the ant. In addition, there was distribution of setae of various sizes on surface of the body. Under higher multiple of electron microscope, the bigger setae had the waveform surface of smaller periods and amplitudes. The results of composition analyzing indicated that the surface of ants contained multi-elements. Among these elements, the most abundant was O which content was over 57%. The following abundant element was C which content was more than 23%. The other elements such as Na, Mg, Zn, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca remained less than 3% respectively. The distribution of morphological characteristics and surface composition may contribute to the property of reducing soil adherence.

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Structural Diversity of Aspergillus (Section Nigri) Spores

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927613001712 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 1151-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marta Filipa Simões ◽

Cledir Santos ◽

Nelson Lima

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

New Species ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Aspergillus Section ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractThe taxonomy of fungal species, similar to that of many other microorganisms, suffers frequent revisions due to the discovery of new species and to the development and gathering of characterization data and morphological information. Morpho-taxonomy helps in the identification of many species. This work presents the macro, micro-morphological, and spectral mass analyses for phenotypic characterization of 13 species of Aspergillus section Nigri, showing that the characterization of spores (conidia) by scanning electron microscopy can be used as a tool to discriminate key morphological characteristics and separate closely related fungi. These results were corroborated by colony plates, stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and spectral mass data.

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Synthesis of Zeolite X from Bentonite via Hydrothermal Method

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.990.144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 990 ◽

pp. 144-148

Author(s):

Suphada Srilai ◽

Worapak Tanwongwal ◽

Kobchai Onpecth ◽

Thanapat Wongkitikun ◽

Kollayut Panpiemrasda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Hydrothermal Method ◽

The Other ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Zeolite X ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Scanning Electron

Zeolite X were successfully synthesized from bentonite from Lopburi province, in Thailand using the two-step of hydrothermal method under optimum condition without calcination. The first step of hydrothermal were obtained at 200 °C for 3 h to remove unreacted impurity minerals such as quartz and muscovite. The secondary step of hydrothermal were obtained at 90 °C for 120 h for synthesis of zeolite X. The characterization of zeolite X were examined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The crystal structure of product was determined as zeolite X by XRD. The morphology of SEM images for zeolite X is octahedral shape. FTIR spectra are in accordance with the other characterization results.

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Morphological, cultural and ecological characterization of Monilinia spp., pathogens of stone fruit in Serbia

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif2001039h ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 39-48

Author(s):

Jovana Hrustic ◽

Milica Mihajlovic ◽

Brankica Tanovic

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

The Other ◽

Final Conclusion ◽

Extreme Temperatures ◽

Medium Ph ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Test Species ◽

Precise Identification

Different brown rot pathogens cause similar symptoms on fruit, which makes it difficult to differentiate them based only on developed symptoms. Therefore, several methods have been described for accurate identification of Monilinia species. In spite of the fact that those methods can be reliable, there are several limitations for their use, and the aim of this study was to find out if there are any specific characteristics that could be used as additional features for precise identification and in-depth characterization of Monilinia species. The results showed that morphological characteristics on PDA, and mycelium growth rate on PDA medium can be useful characters for differentiation of Monilinia species since M. fructicola was found to grow faster than the other two test species, while M. fructigena grew the slowest. MALT was the optimal medium for M. laxa and M. fructigena isolates, while PDA medium was optimal for M. fructicola. Regarding an extremely acidic medium (pH 2), only M. laxa and M. fructicola isolates were able to grow in it, while M. fructigena isolate was the only that grew in a moderately alkaline medium (pH 9). Also, the results revealed that the optimal temperature for M. fructigena and M. fructicola growth was 23oC, while 28oC was optimal for M. laxa isolate. On the other hand, some differences in the sensitivity of Monilinia isolates were revealed at extreme temperatures: M. fructigena isolate was the most sensitive (grew from 4?C to up to 31?C), while M. fructicola isolate was the most resistant (grew at 2?C and 34?C). The obtained results inferred that there are no specific features that can be used for reliable and precise identification of Monilinia species, but we observed some differences regarding the effects of extreme temperatures and pH values of culture medium on different species. Further research, involving more isolates, is needed for a final conclusion.

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Stages of Embryonic Development of the Amazonian turtle Kinosternon Scorpioides (Testudines, Kinosternidae)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-65583/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lianne Pollianne Fernandes Araujo Chaves ◽

Diego Carvalho Viana ◽

Ligia Tchaika ◽

Juliana Maria Alves Caldas ◽

Antônio Chaves Assis Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characterization ◽

Video Monitoring ◽

The Other ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Structural Variations ◽

Microscopy Method ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy Method ◽

Electron Microscopy Method ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Background: The developmental biology of K. scorpioides is described, based on the phenotype. This species is important for the flora because they are excellent seed disseminators. In addition, basic embryological information is not yet fully clarified, and this research provides unprecedented information on the chelonian embryology of the Amazonian fauna. Methods: Females were monitored throughout the reproductive cycle, by video monitoring, to identify nests and the presence of newly laid eggs. At regular weekly intervals, embryo samples were collected fixed in a 4% paraformol solution and preserved in 70% alcohol. For the embryonic characterization we used a stereomicroscope and the scanning electron microscopy method. Results: We describe 15 embryonic stages for a 15-week (105-day) incubation cycle. Only at 42 days (6th week) was the morphological characterization of a chelonian observed and at the 12th week (Stage XII) the phenotypic characterization of the species kinosternon scorpioides. Conclusions: In view of the evidence, we found that these phases are similar to the other turtles, with structural variations in the appearance and disappearance of structures due to the specific characteristics for the species.

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Characterization of Tubercles in Cast Iron Water Distribution Pipes Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600010825 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 3 (S2) ◽

pp. 787-788

Author(s):

P. Sarin ◽

W.M. Kriven ◽

V.L. Snoeyink

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cast Iron ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Potable Water ◽

Bulk Water ◽

The Other ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Inner Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

Corrosion of cast iron (C.I.) pipe often results in the formation of “tubercles” on the inner surface of the pipe. Tubercles are layered deposits formed by the stacking of several layers of corrosion products one on top of the other (Fig.l). Tubercles not only increase the amount of energy required for transport of water but are also considered the main source of turbidity in potable water. Their chemical and physical characteristics are important factors which affect the release of iron into the bulk water.Tubercles are extremely complex systems. They may be highly crystalline in nature, with iron occurring in chemical structures, such as siderite (FeCO3), goethite (α-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe3O4) and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) or they may be highly amorphous. Tubercles vary in height from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. They exhibit distinct layers which are formed over varying periods of time ranging from a few months to a century.

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