scholarly journals Current Strategies for the Production of Sustainable Biopolymer Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2878
Author(s):  
Ehsan Bari ◽  
Asghar Sistani ◽  
Jeffrey J. Morrell ◽  
Antonio Pizzi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Short Life ◽  
The Core ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Renewable Material ◽  
Global Population

Rapid global population growth has led to an exponential increase in the use of disposable materials with a short life span that accumulate in landfills. The use of non-biodegradable materials causes severe damage to the environment worldwide. Polymers derived from agricultural residues, wood, or other fiber crops are fully biodegradable, creating the potential to be part of a sustainable circular economy. Ideally, natural fibers, such as the extremely strong fibers from hemp, can be combined with matrix materials such as the core or hurd from hemp or kenaf to produce a completely renewable biomaterial. However, these materials cannot always meet all of the performance attributes required, necessitating the creation of blends of petroleum-based and renewable material-based composites. This article reviews composites made from natural and biodegradable polymers, as well as the challenges encountered in their production and use.

scholarly journals Fish Waste: From Problem to Valuable Resource

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Daniela Coppola ◽  
Chiara Lauritano ◽  
Fortunato Palma Esposito ◽  
Gennaro Riccio ◽  
Carmen Rizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Following the growth of the global population and the subsequent rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization, the fisheries and aquaculture production has seen a massive increase driven mainly by the development of fishing technologies. Accordingly, a remarkable increase in the amount of fish waste has been produced around the world; it has been estimated that about two-thirds of the total amount of fish is discarded as waste, creating huge economic and environmental concerns. For this reason, the disposal and recycling of these wastes has become a key issue to be resolved. With the growing attention of the circular economy, the exploitation of underused or discarded marine material can represent a sustainable strategy for the realization of a circular bioeconomy, with the production of materials with high added value. In this study, we underline the enormous role that fish waste can have in the socio-economic sector. This review presents the different compounds with high commercial value obtained by fish byproducts, including collagen, enzymes, and bioactive peptides, and lists their possible applications in different fields.

Media ownership and market structures: banes of news media sustainability in Nigeria?

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1280
Author(s):  
Tokunbo Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Life Span ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Media Ownership ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Democratic Norms ◽  
Privately Owned

With the mixture of government-owned media outlets and private media establishments, Nigerian news media industry is deemed as one of the leading media industries in Africa. But, in spite of its leading status on the continent, the industry is plagued with a series of multi-faceted challenges of sustainability that is rooted in the socio-economic and political contexts. Consequently, privately owned media outlets have short-life span in Nigeria. This article assesses the challenges of news media sustainability in Nigeria. The article underscores the adverse effects of structural deficit in the democratic norms and institutional capabilities on the news media sustainability in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Vies en Vlaams: de literaire contestatie uit de jaren zestig

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Liesbeth Plateau
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Nineteen Sixties ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Key Players ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

This contribution presents an introductory analysis of one of the key players of the socalled“stenciled revolution” in Flanders in the nineteen sixties. Before concepts likeprovo distressed the entire societal and cultural life in the Netherlands, certain phenomenain Flanders anticipated to this. From 1963, small stenciled magazines shot up likemushrooms in the Flemish literary field. Due to their aggressive stand against the literaryestablishment, the critics quickly caught sight of them and engaged in an energeticpolemic. Because of their involvement in the literary polemics, the stenciled magazinesshortly determined the literary life to a high degree. However, partly due to their complexhistory and short life span, a systematic investigation of this phenomenon has not yet beenconducted. Nevertheless, the underground- magazines of the “stenciled revolution” are invarious ways relevant to a renewed literary history, as they explore both the literary-criticaland the creative-literary boundaries of the traditional contrast between literature andnon-literature. In this article, I focus on one of the most creative-literary oriented of theseFlemish stenciled magazines, namely daele (1966-1968), to gain an insight into the identityof the “stenciled revolution”.

Afterword

2020 ◽  
pp. 551-562
Author(s):  
Alberto Mora
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Interrogation Technique ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. policy to adopt torture1 as an interrogation technique after the 9/11 attacks had a relatively short life span, yet it was deeply corrosive to the national interest and continues to be.2 First adopted by the administration of President George W. Bush in the summer of 2002, it was formally terminated by an executive order signed by President Barrack Obama on January 22, 2009, his second day in office. The actual official ...

scholarly journals Impact of Generational Commonality of Short-Life Cycle Products in Manufacturing and Remanufacturing Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3331-3340
Author(s):  
Jinju Kim ◽  
Harrison Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Short Life Cycle Products

AbstractShort-life cycle products are frequently replaced and discarded despite being resource-intensive. The short life span and the low utilization rate of the end-of-life products cause severe environmental problems and waste of resources. In the case of short-life cycle products, a new generation of products is released sooner than other products, therefore there are the opportunities to have various generations of products during the remanufacturing process. The commonality between generations increases the intergenerational component compatibility, which increases the efficiency of the manufacturing and remanufacturing processes, while at the same time weakening the performance difference between generations. This paper proposes a mathematical model to investigate the effect of commonality among generations on the overall production process. Based on various given new generation product designs with different commonality, we aim to propose optimal production planning and pricing strategies to maximize the total profitability and investigate how the results vary according to the commonality strategies between product generations.

scholarly journals Decision Support System to Implement Units of Alternative Biowaste Treatment for Producing Bioenergy and Boosting Local Bioeconomy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Vlachokostas ◽  
Charisios Achillas ◽  
Ioannis Agnantiaris ◽  
Alexandra V. Michailidou ◽  
Christos Pallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Local Acceptance ◽  
Biowaste Treatment

Lately, the model of circular economy has gained worldwide interest. Within its concept, waste is viewed as a beneficial resource that needs to be re-introduced in the supply chains, which also requires the use of raw materials, energy, and water to be minimized. Undeniably, a strong link exists between the bioeconomy, circular economy, bioproducts, and bioenergy. In this light, in order to promote a circular economy, a range of alternative options and technologies for biowaste exploitation are currently available. In this paper, we propose a generic methodological scheme for the development of small, medium, or large-scale units of alternative biowaste treatment, with an emphasis on the production of bioenergy and other bioproducts. With the use of multi-criteria decision analysis, the model simultaneously considers environmental, economic, and social criteria to support robust decision-making. In order to validate the methodology, the latter was demonstrated in a real-world case study for the development of a facility in the region of Serres, Greece. Based on the proposed methodological scheme, the optimal location of the facility was selected, based on its excellent assessment in criteria related to environmental performance, financial considerations, and local acceptance. Moreover, anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues, together with farming and livestock wastes, was recommended in order to produce bioenergy and bioproducts.

scholarly journals Myeloid and CD4 T Cells Comprise the Latent Reservoir in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed SIVmac251-Infected Macaques

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina M. Abreu ◽  
Rebecca T. Veenhuis ◽  
Claudia R. Avalos ◽  
Shelby Graham ◽  
Daymond R. Parrilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Latent Reservoir ◽  
Viral Rebound ◽  
Hiv Cure ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication or long-term suppression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) requires an understanding of all viral reservoirs that could contribute to viral rebound after ART interruption. CD4 T cells (CD4s) are recognized as the predominant reservoir in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. However, macrophages are also infected by HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) during acute infection and may persist throughout ART, contributing to the size of the latent reservoir. We sought to determine whether tissue macrophages contribute to the SIVmac251 reservoir in suppressed macaques. Using cell-specific quantitative viral outgrowth assays (CD4-QVOA and MΦ-QVOA), we measured functional latent reservoirs in CD4s and macrophages in ART-suppressed SIVmac251-infected macaques. Spleen, lung, and brain in all suppressed animals contained latently infected macrophages, undetectable or low-level SIV RNA, and detectable SIV DNA. Silent viral genomes with potential for reactivation and viral spread were also identified in blood monocytes, although these cells might not be considered reservoirs due to their short life span. Additionally, virus produced in the MΦ-QVOA was capable of infecting healthy activated CD4s. Our results strongly suggest that functional latent reservoirs in CD4s and macrophages can contribute to viral rebound and reestablishment of productive infection after ART interruption. These findings should be considered in the design and implementation of future HIV cure strategies. IMPORTANCE This study provides further evidence that the latent reservoir is comprised of both CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells. The data presented here suggest that CD4+ T cells and macrophages found throughout tissues in the body can contain replication-competent SIV and contribute to rebound of the virus after treatment interruption. Additionally, we have shown that monocytes in blood contain latent virus and, though not considered a reservoir themselves due to their short life span, could contribute to the size of the latent reservoir upon entering the tissue and differentiating into long-lived macrophages. These new insights into the size and location of the SIV reservoir using a model that is heavily studied in the HIV field could have great implications for HIV-infected individuals and should be taken into consideration with the development of future HIV cure strategies.

Concerning the Material Circular Management of the Industrial Enterprise under the 3R Principle

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Mao Ping Zhou ◽  
Ming Zhen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Management System ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Value Management ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Material Cycle ◽  
The Core ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Material Circulation

The core of the industrial enterprise developing circular economy is the material circulation. Only by updating the idea of value, building the construction of management, supporting from technology, can it be ruled and improved. Base on that, Make sure the new enterprise’s value management concept of society and comprehensive; Set up and perfect the management system about the conservation of resources; Establish an effective material cycle management and technical supporting system.

The Social and Genetic Structure of a Natural Colony of House Mice, Mus musculus, at Healesville WildlifeSanctuary

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
The Social

A 2-year program monitored the spatial organization, genetic structure and turnover rate of an unconfined commensal colony of mice. Four demes (social breeding units) were identified; each usually consisted of one or two males and two or three females. Demes were detected simultaneously in adjoining cages of an aviary (one deme per cage). Movement between demes was rare and the life span of a deme ranged from 2 to 7 months. The adult members of each deme had genotypes compatible to the majority of the young captured in the respective cage of the aviary at the time of residence of the deme. Taken in isolation, these results suggest that social behaviour would have a major impact on the genetic structure of the aviary population. When viewed over the main breeding season, the short life span of a deme and the genetic differences between demes indicate that social organization probably had only a temporary effect on the genetic composition of the aviary population.

Research on System Planning of Retired or Scrap Weaponry and Equipment Recycling

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 979-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Xin ◽  
Yuan Yuan Han ◽  
Kai Kai Hu
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
System Framework ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
System Planning ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Resource And Environment ◽  
Concrete Operation

Nowadays, being confronted with the decreasingly nature resource and environment polluted, effectively mining the potential economic benefits of retired or scrap equipment, studying on planning retired or scrap equipment recycling system, is a very important matter. This paper puts forward an ideology of the recycling of retired or scrap weaponry and equipment based on 3R, by introducing 3R principle which is the core ideology of circular economy. This paper presents a retired or scrap equipment recycling system planning thought, analyzes the system framework which consists of recycling targets, recycling objects, functional elements and participating subject. The preliminary structural Model is established, as well as the concrete operation processes are studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document