scholarly journals Effects of Electromagnets on Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells Treated with Dendrimer Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3306
Author(s):  
Shadie Hatamie ◽  
Po-Jen Shih ◽  
Bo-Wei Chen ◽  
Hua-Ju Shih ◽  
I-Jong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Migration Assay ◽  
Vortex Pattern ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Cell Energy

To improve bovine corneal endothelial cell (BCEC) migration, enhance cell energy, and facilitate symmetric cell distribution in corneal surfaces, an electromagnet device was fabricated. Twenty nanometer superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with fourth-generation dendrimer macromolecules were synthesized, and their size and structure were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results confirmed the configuration of the dendrimer on the SPION surfaces. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. No significant toxicity was noted on BCECs within 24 h of incubation. In the cell migration assay, cells treated with dendrimer-coated SPIONs exhibited a relatively high wound healing rate under sample addition (1 μg/mL) under a magnetic field. Real-time PCR on BCECs treated with dendrimer-coated SPIONs revealed upregulation of specific genes, including AT1P1 and NCAM1, for BCECs-dendrimer-coated SPIONs under a magnetic field. The three-dimensional dispersion of BCECs containing dendrimer-coated SPIONs under a magnetic field was evaluated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results revealed the BCECs-SPION vortex pattern layers in the corneal surface corresponded to the electromagnet’s displacement from the ocular surface. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated that dendrimer-coated SPIONs can be used as a T2 contrast agent.

Silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide composite reinforced fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1392-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Deniz Dalgic ◽  
Ammar Z. Alshemary ◽  
Ayşen Tezcaner ◽  
Dilek Keskin ◽  
Zafer Evis
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

In this study, novel graphene oxide–incorporated silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite composites were prepared and their potential use for bone tissue engineering was investigated by developing an electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold. Nanocomposite groups were synthesized to have two different ratios of graphene oxide (2 and 4 wt%) to evaluate the effect of graphene oxide incorporation and groups with different silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite content was prepared to investigate optimum concentrations of both silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite and graphene oxide. Three-dimensional poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were prepared by wet electrospinning and reinforced with silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposite groups to improve bone regeneration potency. Microstructural and chemical characteristics of the scaffolds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Protein adsorption and desorption on material surfaces were studied using fetal bovine serum. Presence of graphene oxide in the scaffold, dramatically increased the protein adsorption with decreased desorption. In vitro biocompatibility studies were conducted using human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos-2). Electrospun scaffold group that was prepared with effective concentrations of silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite and graphene oxide particles (poly(ε-caprolactone) – 10% silicate-doped nano-hydroxyapatite – 4% graphene oxide) showed improved adhesion, spreading, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to other scaffold groups.

scholarly journals Injectable Alginate-Peptide Composite Hydrogel as a Scaffold for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumita Ghosh ◽  
Michal Halperin-Sternfeld ◽  
Itzhak Grinberg ◽  
Lihi Adler-Abramovich
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Composite Hydrogel ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility

The high demand for tissue engineering scaffolds capable of inducing bone regeneration using minimally invasive techniques prompts the need for the development of new biomaterials. Herein, we investigate the ability of Alginate incorporated with the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (FmocFF) peptide composite hydrogel to serve as a potential biomaterial for bone regeneration. We demonstrate that the incorporation of the self-assembling peptide, FmocFF, in sodium alginate leads to the production of a rigid, yet injectable, hydrogel without the addition of cross-linking agents. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a nanofibrous structure which mimics the natural bone extracellular matrix. The formed composite hydrogel exhibits thixotropic behavior and a high storage modulus of approximately 10 kPA, as observed in rheological measurements. The in vitro biocompatibility tests carried out with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells demonstrate good cell viability and adhesion to the hydrogel fibers. This composite scaffold can induce osteogenic differentiation and facilitate calcium mineralization, as shown by Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and RT-PCR analysis. The high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and similarity to the native extracellular matrix suggest the utilization of this hydrogel as a temporary three-dimensional cellular microenvironment promoting bone regeneration.

Titanium Oxide (TiO2) Coatings Produced on Titanium by Oxygen-Plasma Immersion and Cell Behaviour on TiO2

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. Uzumaki ◽  
A.R. Santos ◽  
C.S. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Titanium Substrates

Plasma immersion process was investigated as a method for producing bioceramics coatings on metallic implants due to its advantages, which include the production of coatings on three-dimensional workpieces, with high density and superior adhesion. In this process, the oxygen plasma was utilized to form titanium oxide on titanium substrate. The structure, composition and surface morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. In addition a preliminary study has also been carried out, on TiO2-coated and uncoated titanium substrates, to analyse the in vitro biocompatibility (cytotoxicity evaluation and cell morphology).

scholarly journals Loss of S100A9 (MRP14) Results in Reduced Interleukin-8-Induced CD11b Surface Expression, a Polarized Microfilament System, and Diminished Responsiveness to Chemoattractants In Vitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Manitz ◽  
Basil Horst ◽  
Stephan Seeliger ◽  
Anke Strey ◽  
Boris V. Skryabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Migration Assay ◽  
Microfilament System

ABSTRACT The S100A9 (MRP14) protein is abundantly expressed in myeloid cells and has been associated with various inflammatory diseases. The S100A9-deficient mice described here were viable, fertile, and generally of healthy appearance. The myelopoietic potential of the S100A9-null bone marrow was normal. S100A8, the heterodimerization partner of S100A9 was not detectable in peripheral blood cells, suggesting that even a deficiency in both S100A8 and S100A9 proteins was compatible with viable and mature neutrophils. Surprisingly, the invasion of S100A9-deficient leukocytes into the peritoneum and into the skin in vivo was indistinguishable from that in wild-type mice. However, stimulation of S100A9-deficient neutrophils with interleukin-8 in vitro failed to provoke an up-regulation of CD11b. Migration upon a chemotactic stimulus through an endothelial monolayer was markedly diminished in S100A9-deficient neutrophils. Attenuated chemokinesis of the S100A9-deficient neutrophils was observed by using a three-dimensional collagen matrix migration assay. The altered migratory behavior was associated with a microfilament system that was highly polarized in unstimulated S100A9-deficient neutrophils. Our data suggest that loss of the calcium-binding S100A9 protein reduces the responsiveness of the neutrophils upon chemoattractant stimuli at least in vitro. Alternative pathways for neutrophil emigration may be responsible for the lack of any effect in the two in vivo models we have investigated so far.

scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatment toward Glycerol-Based, Photocurable Polymeric Scaffold: Mechanical, Degradation and Biocompatibility

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1960
Author(s):  
Wai-Sam Ao-Ieong ◽  
Shin-Tian Chien ◽  
Wei-Cheng Jiang ◽  
Shaw-Fang Yet ◽  
Jane Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Polymeric Scaffold

Photocurable polymers have become increasingly important for their quick prototyping and high accuracy when used in three dimensional (3D) printing. However, some of the common photocurable polymers are known to be brittle, cytotoxic and present low impact resistance, all of which limit their applications in medicine. In this study, thermal treatment was studied for its effect and potential applications on the mechanical properties, degradability and biocompatibility of glycerol-based photocurable polymers, poly(glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA). In addition to the slight increase in elongation at break, a two-fold increase in both Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength were also observed after thermal treatment for the production of thermally treated PGSA (tPGSA). Moreover, the degradation rate of tPGSA significantly decreased due to the increase in crosslinking density in thermal treatment. The significant increase in cell viability and metabolic activity on both flat films and 3D-printed scaffolds via digital light processing-additive manufacturing (DLP-AM) demonstrated high in vitro biocompatibility of tPGSA. The histological studies and immune staining indicated that tPGSA elicited minimum immune responses. In addition, while many scaffolds suffer from instability through sterilization processes, it was proven that once glycerol-based polymers have been treated thermally, the influence of autoclaving the scaffolds were minimized. Therefore, thermal treatment is considered an effective method for the overall enhancement and stabilization of photocurable glycerol-based polymeric scaffolds in medicine-related applications.

scholarly journals Fabrication of a Promising Hierarchical Porous Surface on Titanium for Promoting Biocompatibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chien Lan ◽  
Chia-Hsien Wang ◽  
Bai-Hung Huang ◽  
Yen-Chun Cho ◽  
Takashi Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Porous Surface ◽  
Potential Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

The effects of the nano-titanium hydrides (nano-γ-TiH) phase on the formation of nanoporous Ti oxide layer by the potential approach (hydrogen fluoride (HF) pretreatment and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) anodization) were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The nano-γ-TiH phase was formed by the HF pretreatment with various current densities. After the NaOH anodization, the nano-γ-TiH phase was dissolved and transformed into nanoporous rutile-Ti dioxide (R-TiO2). As the Ti underwent HF pretreatment and NaOH anodization, the microstructure on the surface layer was transformed from α-Ti → (α-Ti + nano-γ-TiH) → (α-Ti + R-TiO2). In-vitro biocompatibility also indicated that the Ti with a hierarchical porous (micro and nanoporous) TiO2 surface possessed great potential to enhance cell adhesion ability. Thus, the potential approach can be utilized to fabricate a promising hierarchical porous surface on the Ti implant for promoting biocompatibility.

scholarly journals HMT Exerts an Anticancer Effect by Targeting PAK-1

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6034
Author(s):  
Yinzhu Xu ◽  
Jin-Sol Cha ◽  
Seon-Ok Lee ◽  
Soo-In Ryu ◽  
You-Kyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
G1 Arrest ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Migration Assay

Heamatang (HMT) is a classic medicinal formula used in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine; it contains seven distinct components, mainly of herbal origin. HMT is used as an antiaging remedy, treating urinary disorders and increasing energy and vitality. However, the therapeutic applications of this formula have not been evaluated with evidence-based science. Therefore, we assessed HMT through various in vitro methods, including cell viability assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay (FACS), Western blotting, migration assay, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, siRNA-mediated PAK-1 knockdown, and crystal violet assays. HMT decreased PAK-1 expression in PC-3 cells and inhibited cell viability, growth, and motility. The inhibition of cell motility by HMT was correlated with PAK-1-mediated inhibition of Lim domain kinase (LIMK) and cofilin. HMT induced G1 arrest and apoptosis through the transcriptional regulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins and apoptosis-related proteins (increase in c-cas3 and inhibition of PARP and BCL-2). Moreover, HMT suppressed PAK-1 expression, leading to the inhibition of AKT activities. Finally, we showed that decursin was the active ingredient involved in the inhibitory effect of HMT on PAK-1. Our findings demonstrated that HMT exerts its anticancer influence through the inhibition of PAK-1. The HMT formula could be applied in various fields, including functional health food and pharmaceutical development.

scholarly journals APTES monolayer coverage on self-assembled magnetic nanospheres for controlled release of anticancer drug Nintedanib

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Karade ◽  
A. Sharma ◽  
R. P. Dhavale ◽  
R. P. Dhavale ◽  
S. R. Shingte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Magnetic Nanospheres ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Monolayer Coverage

AbstractThe use of an appropriate delivery system capable of protecting, translocating, and selectively releasing therapeutic moieties to desired sites can promote the efficacy of an active compound. In this work, we have developed a nanoformulation which preserves its magnetization to load a model anticancerous drug and to explore the controlled release of the drug in a cancerous environment. For the preparation of the nanoformulation, self-assembled magnetic nanospheres (MNS) made of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were grafted with a monolayer of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). A direct functionalization strategy was used to avoid the loss of the MNS magnetization. The successful preparation of the nanoformulation was validated by structural, microstructural, and magnetic investigations. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to establish the presence of APTES on the MNS surface. The amine content quantified by a ninhydrin assay revealed the monolayer coverage of APTES over MNS. The monolayer coverage of APTES reduced only negligibly the saturation magnetization from 77 emu/g (for MNS) to 74 emu/g (for MNS-APTES). Detailed investigations of the thermoremanent magnetization were carried out to assess the superparamagnetism in the MNS. To make the nanoformulation pH-responsive, the anticancerous drug Nintedanib (NTD) was conjugated with MNS-APTES through the acid liable imine bond. At pH 5.5, which mimics a cancerous environment, a controlled release of 85% in 48 h was observed. On the other hand, prolonged release of NTD was found at physiological conditions (i.e., pH 7.4). In vitro cytotoxicity study showed dose-dependent activity of MNS-APTES-NTD for human lung cancer cells L-132. About 75% reduction in cellular viability for a 100 μg/mL concentration of nanoformulation was observed. The nanoformulation designed using MNS and monolayer coverage of APTES has potential in cancer therapy as well as in other nanobiological applications.

scholarly journals Low Molecular Weight and Polymeric Modifiers as Toughening Agents in Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Films

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2446
Author(s):  
Adriana Nicoleta Frone ◽  
Cristian Andi Nicolae ◽  
Mihaela Carmen Eremia ◽  
Vlad Tofan ◽  
Marius Ghiurea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Lower Temperature

The inherent brittleness of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) prevents its use as a substitute of petroleum-based polymers. Low molecular weight plasticizers, such as tributyl 2-acetyl citrate (TAC), cannot properly solve this issue. Herein, PHB films were obtained using a biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO) and a commercially available TAC as toughening agents. The use of TAC strongly decreased the PHB thermal stability up to 200 °C due to the loss of low boiling point plasticizer, while minor weight loss was noticed at this temperature for the PHB-PHO blend. Both agents shifted the glass transition temperature of PHB to a lower temperature, the effect being more pronounced for TAC. The elongation at break of PHB increased by 700% after PHO addition and by only 185% in the case of TAC; this demonstrates an important toughening effect of the polymeric modifier. Migration of TAC to the upper surface of the films and no sign of migration in the case of PHO were highlighted by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results. In vitro biocompatibility tests showed that all the PHB films are non-toxic towards L929 cells and have no proinflammatory immune response. The use of PHO as a toughening agent in PHB represents an attractive solution to its brittleness in the case of packaging and biomedical applications while conserving its biodegradability and biocompatibility.

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