scholarly journals Compression Behaviour of Bio-Inspired Honeycomb Reinforced Starfish Shape Structures Using 3D Printing Technology

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4388
Author(s):  
S. A. S. A. Saufi ◽  
M. Y. M. Zuhri ◽  
M. Lalegani Dezaki ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
R. A. Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Load Increase

The bio-inspired structure (e.g., honeycomb) has been studied for its ability to absorb energy and its high strength. The cell size and wall thickness are the main elements that alter the structural ability to withstand load and pressure. Moreover, adding a secondary structure can increase the compressive strength and energy absorption (EA) capability. In this study, the bio-inspired structures are fabricated by fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology using polylactic acid (PLA) material. Samples are printed in the shape of a honeycomb structure, and a starfish shape is used as its reinforcement. Hence, this study focuses on the compression strength and EA of different cell sizes of 20 and 30 mm with different wall thicknesses ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 mm. Subsequently, the deformation and failure of the structures are determined under the compression loading. It is found that the smaller cell size with smaller wall thickness offered a crush efficiency of 69% as compared to their larger cell size with thicker wall thickness counterparts. It is observed that for a 20 mm cell size, the EA and maximum peak load increase, respectively, when the wall thickness increases. It can be concluded that the compression strength and EA capability increase gradually as the cell size and wall thickness increase.

scholarly journals Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing of Sustainable Innovative Materials and Structures

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar ◽  
Ilenia Farina ◽  
Francesco Colangelo ◽  
Luciano Feo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Innovative Materials

This paper highlights the multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) route for manufacturing of innovative materials and structures. Three different recycled thermoplastics, namely acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) (with different Young’s modulus, glass transition temperature, rheological properties), have been selected (as a case study) for multi-material AM. The functional prototypes have been printed on fused deposition modelling (FDM) setup as tensile specimens (as per ASTM D638 type-IV standard) with different combinations of top, middle, and bottom layers (of ABS/PLA/HIPS), at different printing speed and infill percentage density. The specimens were subjected to thermal (glass transition temperature and heat capacity) and mechanical testing (peak load, peak strength, peak elongation, percentage elongation at peak, and Young’s modulus) to ascertain their suitability in load-bearing structures, and the fabrication of functional prototypes of mechanical meta-materials. The results have been supported by photomicrographs to observe the microstructure of the analyzed multi-materials.

Dynamic Response of FDM Made ABS Parts in Different Part Orientations

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesamodin Jami ◽  
Syed H. Masood ◽  
W.Q. Song
Keyword(s):  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar ◽  
Static Behaviour

The mechanical properties of a product made in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping are strongly dependant on process parameters selected during part fabrication. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a common material used in FDM systems. The advantages of ABS include high strength and rigidity with toughness and these properties make it one of the most common thermoplastics used in engineering applications. This paper describes an experimental investigation of dynamic stressstrain response of ABS parts made by fused deposition modelling for three different part build orientations. Currently there is limited research available for this aspect of ABS material processed by FDM systems. The high strain rate compression tests were performed using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus to determine the dynamic stress-strain response and results were compared with quasi-static behaviour of the same specimens.

Bioinspired structures for core sandwich composites produced by fused deposition modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Bru ◽  
M Leite ◽  
AR Ribeiro ◽  
L Reis ◽  
AM Deus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Cell Thickness

Sandwich panels are widely used in many engineering applications where saving weight while maintaining high strength and stiffness is required. The most common core structure in sandwich panels is the two-dimensional regular hexagonal cell shape, denoted as Honeycomb. In recent times, bioinspired materials and structures have become increasingly attractive to researchers, as they provide adequate functional properties. The goal of the present work is to study two new bioinspired structures aimed at improving the performance of sandwich panel cores. Among all the large amount of structures that nature provides, two novel cores inspired in the structures of enamel and of bamboo were chosen. The compressive and flexural properties of these two innovative cellular structures were assessed and compared with the classic honeycomb. All the arrangements were numerically simulated for different relative densities. The fused deposition modelling technique enables to print selected samples in polylactic acid that were experimentally tested in compression and in bending. Results show that the mechanical properties depend strongly on the core geometry, on the relative density and on the cell thickness distribution. A satisfactory agreement was found between finite element results and experimental data. For the same relative density, the bioinspired natural structures proposed in the present study are potential competitors with the traditional core structures in what concerns strength, stiffness and energy absorption.

scholarly journals A New Generation of Bio-Composite Thermoplastic Filaments for a More Sustainable Design of Parts Manufactured by FDM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5852
Author(s):  
Michele Calì ◽  
Giulia Pascoletti ◽  
Massimiliano Gaeta ◽  
Giovanni Milazzo ◽  
Rita Ambu
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Paper Fabrication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
By Products

The most recent developments of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) techniques are moving the application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies toward new areas of investigation such as the biomedical, aerospace, and marine engineering in addition to the more consolidated industrial and civil fields. Some specific characteristics are required for the components designed for peculiar applications, such as complex geometries, lightweight, and high strength as well as breathability and aesthetic appearance specifically in the biomedical field. All these design specifications could be potentially satisfied by manufacturing with 3D printing techniques. Moreover, the development of purpose-dedicated filaments can be considered a key factor to successfully meet all the requirements. In this paper, fabrication and applications of five new thermoplastic materials with fillers are described and analyzed. They are organic bio-plastic compounds made of polylactic acid (PLA) and organic by-products. The growing interest in these new composite materials reinforced with organic by-products is due to the reduction of production management costs and their low environmental impact. In this study, the production workflow has been set up and described in detail. The main properties of these new thermoplastic materials have been analyzed with a major emphasis on strength, lightweight, and surface finish. The analysis showed that these materials can be particularly suitable for biomedical applications. Therefore, two different biomedical devices were selected and relative prototypes were manufactured with one of the analyzed thermoplastic materials. The feasibility, benefits, and performance of the thermoplastic material considered for these applications were successfully assessed.

Evaluation of geometrical benchmark artifacts containing multiple overhang lengths fabricated using material extrusion technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7296-7308
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Humaira Mazlan ◽  
Aini Zuhra Abdul Kadir ◽  
N. H. A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.R. Alkahari
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Layer Technique ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Features ◽  
Layer Problem

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a process of joining materials based on material entrusion technique to produce objects from 3D model using layer-by-layer technique as opposed to subtractive manufacturing. However, many challenges arise in the FDM-printed part such as warping, first layer problem and elephant food that was led to an error in dimensional accuracy of the printed parts especially for the overhanging parts. Hence, in order to investigate the manufacturability of the FDM printed part, various geometrical and manufacturing features were developed using the benchmarking artifacts. Therefore, in this study, new benchmarking artifacts containing multiple overhang lengths were proposed. After the benchmarking artifacts were developed, each of the features were inspected using 3D laser scanner to measure the dimensional accuracy and tolerances. Based on 3D scanned parts, 80% of the fabricated parts were fabricated within ±0.5 mm of dimensional accuracy as compared with the CAD data. In addition, the multiple overhang lengths were also successfully fabricated with a very significant of filament sagging observed.

scholarly journals Quality Control in 3D Printing: Accuracy Analysis of 3D-Printed Models of Patient-Specific Anatomy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Bernhard Dorweiler ◽  
Pia Elisabeth Baqué ◽  
Rayan Chaban ◽  
Ahmed Ghazy ◽  
Oroa Salem
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean

As comparative data on the precision of 3D-printed anatomical models are sparse, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3D-printed models of vascular anatomy generated by two commonly used printing technologies. Thirty-five 3D models of large (aortic, wall thickness of 2 mm, n = 30) and small (coronary, wall thickness of 1.25 mm, n = 5) vessels printed with fused deposition modeling (FDM) (rigid, n = 20) and PolyJet (flexible, n = 15) technology were subjected to high-resolution CT scans. From the resulting DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) dataset, an STL file was generated and wall thickness as well as surface congruency were compared with the original STL file using dedicated 3D engineering software. The mean wall thickness for the large-scale aortic models was 2.11 µm (+5%), and 1.26 µm (+0.8%) for the coronary models, resulting in an overall mean wall thickness of +5% for all 35 3D models when compared to the original STL file. The mean surface deviation was found to be +120 µm for all models, with +100 µm for the aortic and +180 µm for the coronary 3D models, respectively. Both printing technologies were found to conform with the currently set standards of accuracy (<1 mm), demonstrating that accurate 3D models of large and small vessel anatomy can be generated by both FDM and PolyJet printing technology using rigid and flexible polymers.

A modified physical model of high-strength water hydraulic artificial muscles considering the effects of geometry and material properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622199907
Author(s):  
Zengmeng Zhang ◽  
Jinkai Che ◽  
Peipei Liu ◽  
Yunrui Jia ◽  
Yongjun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Rubber Tube ◽  
Contraction Ratio ◽  
Water Hydraulic

Compared with pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs), water hydraulic artificial muscles (WHAMs) have the advantages of high force/weight ratio, high stiffness, rapid response speed, large operating pressure range, low working noise, etc. Although the physical models of PAMs have been widely studied, the model of WHAMs still need to be researched for the different structure parameters and work conditions between PAMs and WHAMs. Therefore, the geometry and the material properties need to be considered in models, including the wall thickness of rubber tube, the geometry of ends, the elastic force of rubber tube, the elongation of fibers, and the friction among fiber strands. WHAMs with different wall thickness and fiber materials were manufactured, and static characteristic experiments were performed when the actuator is static and fixed on both ends, which reflects the relationship between contraction force and pressure under the different contraction ratio. The deviations between theoretical values and experimental results were analyzed to investigate the effect of each physical factor on the modified physical model accuracy at different operating pressures. The results show the relative error of the modified physical model was 7.1% and the relative error of the ideal model was 17.4%. When contraction ratio is below 10% and operating pressure is 4 MPa, the wall thickness of rubber tube was the strongest factor on the accuracy of modified model. When the WHAM contraction ratio from 3% to 20%, the relative error between the modified physical model and the experimental data was within ±10%. Considering the various physical factors, the accuracy of the modified physical model of WHAM is improved, which lays a foundation of non-linear control of the high-strength, tightly fiber-braided and thick-walled WHAMs.

scholarly journals Current State and Challenges of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites as Feeder in FDM-Based 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan ◽  
Jie Sheng Leong ◽  
Wai Nam Chan ◽  
Jie Ren Tan ◽  
Zainon Sharmila Binti Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

As one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM) shows great potential in printing natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRC). However, several challenges, such as low mechanical properties and difficulty in printing, need to be overcome. Therefore, the effort to improve the NFRC for use in AM has been accelerating in recent years. This review attempts to summarise the current approaches of using NFRC as a feeder for AM. The effects of fibre treatments, composite preparation methods and addition of compatibilizer agents were analysed and discussed. Additionally, current methods of producing feeders from NFRCs were reviewed and discussed. Mechanical property of printed part was also dependent on the printing parameters, and thus the effects of printing temperature, layer height, infill and raster angle were discussed, and the best parameters reported by other researchers were identified. Following that, an overview of the mechanical properties of these composites as reported by various researchers was provided. Next, the use of optimisation techniques for NFRCs was discussed and analysed. Lastly, the review provided a critical discussion on the overall topic, identified all research gaps present in the use of NFRC for AM processes, and to overcome future challenges.

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