scholarly journals The Study on Extraction Process and Analysis of Components in Essential Oils of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Seeds Harvested in Gia Lai Province, Vietnam

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Le Ke Ha ◽  
Duy Chinh Nguyen ◽  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Le Thi Hong Nhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Preservation Method

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a tropical crop with extensive medicinal potential in ethnomedicine and nutraceutical applications. The essential oil of black pepper finds wide applications in inhabitation of respiratory infections and soothing of muscular pains due to its warming and energizing property. The pungent bioactive piperine is responsible for this function, and therefore, efficient technology is required for an optimal extraction process of this compound. In the present article, we have developed a procedure for extracting black pepper essential oil from Vietnam, optimizing conditions that affect the extraction process. The effect of process parameters, namely material size, preservation method, the concentration of sodium chloride, the concentration of soak time, the ratio of material to water, temperature extraction, time extraction on the extraction yield, and relative efficiency were investigated. Results demonstrated that 20 g of black pepper milled with a mesh size of 160 obtained 0.48 g of essential oil (2.4%) at a raw material to water ratio of 1/21 (g/mL) at 150 °C in a time of 5.2 h. GC-MS (Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) spectra showed that 3-carene (29.21%), D-limonene (20.94%), caryophyllene (15.05%), and β-pinene (9.77%) were present as major components. These results suggested that the essential oil extracted from Vietnamese black pepper is applicable in the manufacturing processes of insecticides and air deodorizers.

scholarly journals Optimization of Essential Oil Extraction Process of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Harvested in Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2707-2712
Author(s):  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Thi Cam Quyen Ngo ◽  
Hoang Duy Ngo ◽  
Nguyen Huu Thuan Anh ◽  
Ton Nu Thuy An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
White Pepper

Vietnam is a leading producer and exporter of products harvested from plants of the family Piperaceae such as green pepper, black pepper, red pepper and white pepper. In this study, an attempt is made to examine the essential oil extraction process with the material of white pepper grown and harvested in Phu Quoc island, Vietnam. To maximize essential oil production, three factors consisting the ratio of materials and solvents, extraction time and extraction temperature were selected and optimized. The surface response methodology optimization resulted the highest yield of 3.6%, achieved at the ratio of material and water ratio of 1:20 g/g, extraction time of 96 min and at 130 ºC. A high F values, low P values (< 0.0001), the determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9993) and a non-significant lack of fit suggested a strong correlation between actual and predicted values of the responses. The essential oil obtained was determined for chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The GC-MS results showed that major constituents existing in the oil sample were limonene, 3-carene, sabinene, β-pinene, α-pinene and α-phellandrene, accounting for 27.059, 23.345, 17.903, 9.996, 5.167 and 4.588%, respectively.

scholarly journals Study on optimization of extraction technique of pericarp essential oil in Litsea Cubeba (Lour) Pers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Huang ◽  
Zhanying Gu ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Ruonan Yang ◽  
Yaxin Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Microwave Pretreatment ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Main Component

Abstract Litsea cubeba is an important aromatic oil plant. Litsea cubeba pericarp essential oil has various physiological activities such as antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, etc., and is widely used. Its main ingredient is citral, which is the raw material for the synthesis of many precious spices. For the purpose of increasing yield, researchers have conducted many studies on the extraction of essential oil from pericarp of Litsea cubeba. But the extraction process still has room for optimization。In this study, Litsea cubeba fruits were subjected to an optimized method of hydrodistillation to increase the yield and biological activity of pericarp essential oils. Three-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design was performed (fruit preservation time, distillation voltage and fruit microwave pretreatment time) to optimize the process. According to the results of orthogonal experiments, the highest yield of essential oil can be obtained after the fruit has been preserved for 9 days without microwave pretreatment and the distillation voltage is 220 V. The extracted essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), which indicated that their main components were 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-, 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-, 1-Heptanol and 1-Octanol. GC–MS results showed that the relative content of citral in the extracted essential oil was the highest after the fruit was preserved for nine days without microwave pretreatment and the distillation voltage was 150 V. Changes in the process will not significantly affect the main component types of essential oils, but will significantly affect the relative content of the same components.

scholarly journals Extraction Process and Analysis of Components in Essential Oils of Piper longum Linn. Harvested in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2639-2646
Author(s):  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Van Chi Khang ◽  
Hoang Duy Ngo ◽  
Xuan Tien Le
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Nowadays, plants containing biological activities are increasingly interested for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In particular, Pepper longum Linn. was known as one of the popular types of pepper family in Vietnam with many different uses in food and medicine. In this study, Pepper longum fruits were studied for extraction to essential oil by hydrodistillation through two survey methods such as single factor investigation method and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis results by design expert software program version 11 shown that at the condition that the ratio of water to raw material 6:1 (mL/g), during 225 min extraction at 130 ºC, the essential oil yield was obtained 0.8%. The model predicts this result for F-value, P-values and Lack of Fit are mathematically significant and values for reliability R2 = 0.9963, C.V. % =1.99. Essential oil obtained was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, which accounted that β-caryophyllene contains the highest amount among the other 43 components present.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolic Profile as a Tool for Distinction and Characterization of Cultivars of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Cultivated in Pará State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Luccas M. Barata ◽  
Eloísa H. Andrade ◽  
Alessandra R. Ramos ◽  
Oriel F. de Lemos ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Pepper ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons

This study evaluated the chemical compositions of the leaves and fruits of eight black pepper cultivars cultivated in Pará State (Amazon, Brazil). Hydrodistillation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were employed to extract and analyze the volatile compounds, respectively. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were predominant (58.5–90.9%) in the cultivars “Cingapura”, “Equador”, “Guajarina”, “Iaçará”, and “Kottanadan”, and “Bragantina”, “Clonada”, and “Uthirankota” displayed oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (50.6–75.0%). The multivariate statistical analysis applied using volatile composition grouped the samples into four groups: γ-Elemene, curzerene, and δ-elemene (“Equador”/“Guajarina”, I); δ-elemene (“Iaçará”/“Kottanadan”/“Cingapura”, II); elemol (“Clonada”/“Uthirankota”, III) and α-muurolol, bicyclogermacrene, and cubebol (“Bragantina”, IV). The major compounds in all fruit samples were monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene. Among the cultivar leaves, phenolics content (44.75–140.53 mg GAE·g−1 FW), the enzymatic activity of phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (20.19–57.22 µU·mL−1), and carotenoids (0.21–2.31 µg·mL−1) displayed significant variations. Due to black pepper’s susceptibility to Fusarium infection, a molecular docking analysis was carried out on Fusarium protein targets using each cultivar’s volatile components. F. oxysporum endoglucanase was identified as the preferential protein target of the compounds. These results can be used to identify chemical markers related to the susceptibility degree of black pepper cultivars to plant diseases prevalent in Pará State.

scholarly journals Pemodelan Kondisi Optimum Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Penyusun Minyak Atsiri Lada Hitam

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Shintawati Shintawati ◽  
Analianasari Analianasari ◽  
Zukryandry Zukryandry
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Surface Method

Black pepper is a spice with a spicy taste and a distinctive aroma that has become known as the King of Spices. The distinctive aroma of black pepper comes from the volatile compounds that make up the essential oil of pepper. Black pepper essential oil has antimicrobial properties that can relieve respiratory infections and relieve muscle disorders. The acquisition of pepper essential oil from the distillation process is influenced by operating conditions. The aim of this study was to identify the composition of black pepper essential oil compounds using GCMS and to optimize the operating conditions (material size, solvent ratio, and distillation time). The method used to determine the optimum condition is using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The results showed that the highest yield of black pepper essential oil from this experiment is 5.14%. The empirical model was also suitable for the experiment and the optimum conditions for producing the maximum pepper oil yield 5,81% were 40 mesh of material size, 0.12 (g.ml-1) of solvent ratio and 162 minutes of distillation time. GCMS test results showed that the main constituents of pepper essential oil are caryophyllene, ocimene, limonene, carene, and a-pinene.

scholarly journals Volatiles of Black Pepper Fruits (Piper nigrum L.)

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dosoky ◽  
Satyal ◽  
Barata ◽  
da Silva ◽  
Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Geographical Regions

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is historically one of the most important spices and herbal medicines, and is now cultivated in tropical regions worldwide. The essential oil of black pepper fruits has shown a myriad of biological activities and is a commercially important commodity. In this work, five black pepper essential oils from eastern coastal region of Madagascar and six black pepper essential oils from the Amazon region of Brazil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of the essential oils were α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, δ-3-carene, limonene, and β-caryophyllene. A comparison of the Madagascar and Brazilian essential oils with black pepper essential oils from various geographical regions reported in the literature was carried out. A hierarchical cluster analysis using the data obtained in this study and those reported in the literature revealed four clearly defined clusters based on the relative concentrations of the major components.

scholarly journals Development of a Millet Starch Edible Film Containing Clove Essential Oil

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa G. Al-Hashimi ◽  
Altemimi B. Ammar ◽  
Lakshmanan G. ◽  
Francesco Cacciola ◽  
Naoufal Lakhssassi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Clove Essential Oil

Medicinal plants contain various secondary metabolites. The present study analyzed the essential oil of buds from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.; Family: Myrtaceae) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of six major phytoconstituents, such as eugenol (66.01%), caryophyllene (19.88%), caryophyllene oxide (5.80%), phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-acetate (4.55%), and humulene (3.75%). The effect of clove essential oils (CEO) at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w) on the mechanical and barrier properties of starch films was evaluated. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation (E) of films with clove essential oil were 6.25 ± 0.03 MPa and 5.67% ± 0.08%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the films significantly increased the millet starch film and presented the lowest antioxidant activity (0.3%) at a 30 minute incubation for the control sample, while increasing CEO fraction in the starch film lead to an increase in antioxidant activity, and the 3% CEO combined film presented the highest antioxidant activity (15.96%) at 90 min incubation. This finding could be explained by the incorporation of clove oil containing antioxidant properties that significantly increased with the incorporation of CEO (p < 0.05). A zone of inhibition ranging from 16 to 27 mm in diameter was obtained when using a concentration of CEO ranging from 1% to 3%. We also observed the presence of an antimicrobial activity on several tested microorganism including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Trichoderma fungi. Thus, the current study reveals the possibility of using a millet starch edible film as a preservation method.

scholarly journals Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Gaharu Essential Oil Using Hydrodistillation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Nurhaslina Che Radzi ◽  
Filzah Anati Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Microwave Pretreatment ◽  
Irradiation Power ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
The Cost

Gaharu wood produces an expensive essential oil due to its fragrance and chemical compounds. Normally, the black color wood is used for the extraction of oil because it contains high resin. However, the cost of this resinous wood is very expensive. Therefore, in this study, the raw material with low resin content (identified by the white color of the wood) will be used for the extraction of oil. However, hydrodistillation alone will not produce satisfactory volume. Thus, pretreatment is needed to enhance the amount of essential oil. This paper aims to investigate the effect of microwave pretreatment on gaharu essential oil extraction using the hydrodistillation method for the lower grade wood. The gaharu wood was pre-treated with microwave irradiation power of 800 kW at three different durations which were 1, 2 and 3 min. Later, extraction was performed using the hydrodistillation method for 30 h. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The results show that microwave pretreatment produced higher yield (0.0379 wt.%) of gaharu essential oil compared to the extraction of the non-pretreated wood (0.0286 wt.%) in which the increase was 24.55%. The three minutes pretreatment time produced the largest amount of oil (0.0877 wt.%). The outcomes of this study indicated the increase of chemical components of gaharu essential oils such as (+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, gurjunene, α-farnese, estragole, guaiene, valencene, spathulenol, α-cubebene and (-)-Spathulenol in the extraction of the pre-treated wood compared to the non-pretreated one.

scholarly journals Response surface methodology for optimization studies of hydro-distillation of essential oil from pixie mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) peels

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Ngo Thi Cam Quyen ◽  
Tran Thi Yen Nhi ◽  
Chi Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
P Value ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Mathematical Techniques

Abstract Essential oil extraction technique from mandarin pixie peels by hydro-distillation is optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Mathematical techniques were used in experimental design to evaluate the impacts of factors that affect the extraction process and improve the yield of the extraction process. A central mixed design based on influencing variables such as water ratio (3–5 mL/g), temperature (110–130 °C) and extraction time (90–150 min) was adopted with essential oil yield as the target function. Correlation analysis of the mathematical regression model showed that the quadratic polynomial model can be used to optimize hydro-distillation of pixie mandarin oil. The results showed that under the optimum extraction conditions, the highest quantity of essential oils was achieved (7.28 mL/100 g materials). In terms of statistical analysis, the significance levels (p-value <0.05) of the model showed that the experimental results had a good impact between factors. The coefficient of determination indicating the match between the experimental value and the predicted value of the model was high (R2>0.9). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, revealing the dominance of limonene content (97.667%), which implies that the essential oil of pixie mandarin could be an alternative source of limonene.

scholarly journals Extraction Process of Essential Oil from Plectranthus amboinicus Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation and Evaluation of It’s Antibacterial Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Duy Chinh Nguyen ◽  
Duy Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Thien Hien Tran ◽  
Phu Thuong Nhan Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Pharmaceutical Medicine ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Plectranthus amboinicus oil has many applications in pharmaceutical, medicine and cosmetic industries. Recently, new methods of extracting essential oil used have been increasingly developed to replace traditional methods. In this study, maximization of essential oils yield from P. amboinicus was studied by the combination of microwave assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and response surface methodology (RSM). We found that that the maximum essential oil yield was 0.1374 % with 94.38 % reliability and influencing factors such as microwave power for this process was 515 W, raw material to water ratio 1.64:1, extraction time at 100.8 min. ANOVA analysis for quadratic model also gives favourable outcome including the high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.94), significant F-value and p-value of coefficients. Under laboratory condition, the obtained yield (0.1374 %) approximated the yield predicted by the quadratic model, suggesting the reasonable soundness of the employed model and RSM when it comes to optimizing the parameters of extraction. In addition, considerable antibacterial activities of extracted essential oil against four bacteria cultures, in particular, S. aureus was recognized.

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