Study on optimization of extraction technique of pericarp essential oil in Litsea Cubeba (Lour) Pers

Abstract Litsea cubeba is an important aromatic oil plant. Litsea cubeba pericarp essential oil has various physiological activities such as antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, etc., and is widely used. Its main ingredient is citral, which is the raw material for the synthesis of many precious spices. For the purpose of increasing yield, researchers have conducted many studies on the extraction of essential oil from pericarp of Litsea cubeba. But the extraction process still has room for optimization。In this study, Litsea cubeba fruits were subjected to an optimized method of hydrodistillation to increase the yield and biological activity of pericarp essential oils. Three-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design was performed (fruit preservation time, distillation voltage and fruit microwave pretreatment time) to optimize the process. According to the results of orthogonal experiments, the highest yield of essential oil can be obtained after the fruit has been preserved for 9 days without microwave pretreatment and the distillation voltage is 220 V. The extracted essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), which indicated that their main components were 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)-, 2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-, 1-Heptanol and 1-Octanol. GC–MS results showed that the relative content of citral in the extracted essential oil was the highest after the fruit was preserved for nine days without microwave pretreatment and the distillation voltage was 150 V. Changes in the process will not significantly affect the main component types of essential oils, but will significantly affect the relative content of the same components.

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Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Gaharu Essential Oil Using Hydrodistillation Method

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.43191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 960

Author(s):

Nurhaslina Che Radzi ◽

Filzah Anati Kasim

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Microwave Pretreatment ◽

Irradiation Power ◽

Pretreatment Time ◽

The Cost

Gaharu wood produces an expensive essential oil due to its fragrance and chemical compounds. Normally, the black color wood is used for the extraction of oil because it contains high resin. However, the cost of this resinous wood is very expensive. Therefore, in this study, the raw material with low resin content (identified by the white color of the wood) will be used for the extraction of oil. However, hydrodistillation alone will not produce satisfactory volume. Thus, pretreatment is needed to enhance the amount of essential oil. This paper aims to investigate the effect of microwave pretreatment on gaharu essential oil extraction using the hydrodistillation method for the lower grade wood. The gaharu wood was pre-treated with microwave irradiation power of 800 kW at three different durations which were 1, 2 and 3 min. Later, extraction was performed using the hydrodistillation method for 30 h. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The results show that microwave pretreatment produced higher yield (0.0379 wt.%) of gaharu essential oil compared to the extraction of the non-pretreated wood (0.0286 wt.%) in which the increase was 24.55%. The three minutes pretreatment time produced the largest amount of oil (0.0877 wt.%). The outcomes of this study indicated the increase of chemical components of gaharu essential oils such as (+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, gurjunene, α-farnese, estragole, guaiene, valencene, spathulenol, α-cubebene and (-)-Spathulenol in the extraction of the pre-treated wood compared to the non-pretreated one.

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The Study on Extraction Process and Analysis of Components in Essential Oils of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Seeds Harvested in Gia Lai Province, Vietnam

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7020056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Thien Hien Tran ◽

Le Ke Ha ◽

Duy Chinh Nguyen ◽

Tan Phat Dao ◽

Le Thi Hong Nhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Efficient Technology ◽

Preservation Method

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a tropical crop with extensive medicinal potential in ethnomedicine and nutraceutical applications. The essential oil of black pepper finds wide applications in inhabitation of respiratory infections and soothing of muscular pains due to its warming and energizing property. The pungent bioactive piperine is responsible for this function, and therefore, efficient technology is required for an optimal extraction process of this compound. In the present article, we have developed a procedure for extracting black pepper essential oil from Vietnam, optimizing conditions that affect the extraction process. The effect of process parameters, namely material size, preservation method, the concentration of sodium chloride, the concentration of soak time, the ratio of material to water, temperature extraction, time extraction on the extraction yield, and relative efficiency were investigated. Results demonstrated that 20 g of black pepper milled with a mesh size of 160 obtained 0.48 g of essential oil (2.4%) at a raw material to water ratio of 1/21 (g/mL) at 150 °C in a time of 5.2 h. GC-MS (Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) spectra showed that 3-carene (29.21%), D-limonene (20.94%), caryophyllene (15.05%), and β-pinene (9.77%) were present as major components. These results suggested that the essential oil extracted from Vietnamese black pepper is applicable in the manufacturing processes of insecticides and air deodorizers.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL THE VEGETABLE RAW MATERIAL SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS: LEAVES, WOODY STEMS, RHIZOMES WITH ROOTS

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2019013912 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 173-180

Author(s):

Юрий (Yuriy) Алексеевич (Alekseevich) Морозов (Morozov) ◽

Ифрат (Ifrat) Назимович (Nazimovich) Зилфикаров (Zilfikarov) ◽

Елизавета (Elizaveta) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Морозова (Morozova) ◽

Аслан (Aslan) Мурадалиевич (Muradalievich) Алиев (Aliev) ◽

Тимур (Timur) Алгасанович (Algasanovich) Ибрагимов (Ibragimov)

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Component Composition ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Schisandra Chinensis ◽

Marker Substances ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the component composition of essential oil samples obtained from various vegetable raw materials of Schisandra chinensis (Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.): branches (woody stems), rhizomes with roots and leaves. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by distillation with water vapor followed by extraction from the distillate with ethoxyethane. The largest yield of essential oil in terms of completely dry raw material is registered from rhizomes with roots – 0.99%; the yield from leaves and branches was approximately the same: 0.51% and 0.52%, respectively. A comparative analysis of the component composition of the obtained essential oils was carried out using the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry method. In the essential oil of the leaves 29 detected compounds (identified by 21 connection; dominant components: Cyclohexylmethyl ether sulphurous acid, (+)-trans-nerolidol, δ-cadinene, Tridec-(2E)-EN-1-ol), woody stems 80 connections (identified 65 compounds; dominant components: ß-pinene, Camphene, Bornylacetate, (+)-trans-nerolidol, p-tsimen, Tridecan-2-it, δ-cadinene), rhizomes with roots 78 of the compounds (60 compounds identified; dominant components: δ-cadinene, Bornylacetate, β-pinene, Camphene, Nerolidol-(E), Tridecan-2-it, γ-cadinene, Borneol). For each sample of the studied essential oils selectivity and marker substances were established.

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Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Essential Oil Extraction: A Comparison between Hydrodistillation and Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1048.485 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 1048 ◽

pp. 485-492

Author(s):

Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽

Tran Thien Hien ◽

Dao Tan Phat ◽

Ly Thi Ngoc Minh ◽

Huynh Bao Long ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Qualitative Difference ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Extraction Processes ◽

Main Components

Hydrodistillation (HD) is a traditional technique used in most extraction processes. On the other hand, microwave-assisted hydrogen distillation (MAHD), an advanced method using microwaves in the extraction process, has recently emerged. The chemical ingredients of essential oils obtained from pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) peels obtained by MAHD and by hydrodistillation (HD) were analyzed and compared gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results show that there is no significant difference between the two methods in terms of extraction efficiency, at around 4.45 to 4.7%. The main components of essential oils were Limonene, α-pinene, β-Myrcene and Sabinene. The content of those compounds showed no clear quantitative and qualitative difference between HD and MAHD. Experimental results show that the MAHD method provides a good alternative to extracting essential oils from grapefruit, saving time, operating costs and achieving more optimal levels. Keywords: Comparison, Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.), Essential oil, Hydrodistillation, Microwave assist hydrodistillation,

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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SATUREJA HORTENSIS L.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15923 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Mariya Shanaida ◽

Iryna Ivanusa ◽

Ivanna Kernychna

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

High Performance ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Satureja Hortensis ◽

Main Component ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Objective: The present study was designated to analyse the essential oils and tannins as important secondary metabolites of the aerial part of Satureja hortensis.Methods: The chemical composition of S. hortensis herb was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method.Results: The essential oil yield in the aerial part of S. hortensis was 1.61%. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils identified the presence of 29 components. Carvacrol (76.16%), as the main component of essential oils, belongs to the group of aromatic compounds. Eight tannin components identified by HPLC and epigallocatechin (130.91х10-2%) are prevalent among them.Conclusion: S. hortensis was found to possess considerable amount of phytoconstituents such as essential oils and tannins. The results of this research will help to study pharmacological properties of the investigated plant and to prevent possible adulteration with other plants.

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Optimization of Operating Conditions of Essential Oil Extraction of Vietnamese Pomelo (Citrus grandis L.) Peels by Hydrodistillation Process

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 237-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tan Phat Dao ◽

Ngo Thi Cam Quyen ◽

Thien Hien Tran ◽

Pham Van Thinh ◽

Pham Quoc Long ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Main Component ◽

Influential Parameters ◽

Central Composite ◽

Material Extraction

This study attempted the optimization of the extraction process involving essential oils from Vietnamese pomelo fruits. Three influential parameters including ratio of water and material, extraction time, and temperature were assumed to be impactful to the oil yield and were investigated by establishing a statistical model. A central composite design was adopted to generate dataset required for estimation of the model. Analysis of variance was used to calculate model significance. The results showed that optimum yield of pomelo oil is 4.46 % (v/w) corresponding to water ratio of 507 mL water to 100 g sample, temperature at 119.29 ºC and distillation time of 113.68 min. Predicted values proposed by the Design Expert 11 software well-agreed with the empirical data, suggesting the excellent predictability of the proposed models. In addition, the essential oil obtained under optimal conditions was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that D-limonene is the main component (97.318 %) of essential oil.

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Extraction Process and Analysis of Components in Essential Oils of Piper longum Linn. Harvested in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 2639-2646

Author(s):

Thien Hien Tran ◽

Van Chi Khang ◽

Hoang Duy Ngo ◽

Xuan Tien Le

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Piper Longum ◽

Lack Of Fit ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Nowadays, plants containing biological activities are increasingly interested for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In particular, Pepper longum Linn. was known as one of the popular types of pepper family in Vietnam with many different uses in food and medicine. In this study, Pepper longum fruits were studied for extraction to essential oil by hydrodistillation through two survey methods such as single factor investigation method and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis results by design expert software program version 11 shown that at the condition that the ratio of water to raw material 6:1 (mL/g), during 225 min extraction at 130 ºC, the essential oil yield was obtained 0.8%. The model predicts this result for F-value, P-values and Lack of Fit are mathematically significant and values for reliability R2 = 0.9963, C.V. % =1.99. Essential oil obtained was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, which accounted that β-caryophyllene contains the highest amount among the other 43 components present.

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The Chemical Profiling of Essential Oils from Different Tissues of Cinnamomum camphora L. and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26175132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 5132

Author(s):

Darbin Kumar Poudel ◽

Anil Rokaya ◽

Pawan Kumar Ojha ◽

Sujan Timsina ◽

Rakesh Satyal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Comparative Investigation ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cinnamomum Camphora ◽

Different Tissues ◽

Branch Wood

Cinnamomum camphora L. is grown as an ornamental plant, used as raw material for furniture, as a source of camphor, and its essential oil can be used as an important source for perfume as well as alternative medicine. A comparative investigation of essential oil compositions and antimicrobial activities of different tissues of C. camphora was carried out. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger apparatus and their compositions were evaluated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), enantiomeric composition by chiral GC-MS, and antimicrobial properties were assayed by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Different plant tissues had different extraction yields, with the leaf having the highest yield. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 18, 75, 87, 67, 67, and 74 compounds in leaf, branch, wood, root, leaf/branch, and leaf/branch/wood, respectively. The significance of combining tissues is to enable extraction of commercial quality essential oils without the need to separate them. The oxygenated monoterpene camphor was the major component in all tissues of C. camphora except for safrole in the root. With chiral GC-MS, the enantiomeric distributions of 12, 12, 13, 14, and 14 chiral compounds in branch, wood, root, leaf/branch, and leaf/branch/wood, respectively, were determined. The variation in composition and enantiomeric distribution in the different tissues of C. camphora may be attributed to the different defense requirements of these tissues. The wood essential oil showed effective antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens with an MIC of 39.1 μg/mL. Similarly, the mixture of leaf/branch/wood essential oils displayed good antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus while the leaf essential oil was notably active against Trichophyton rubrum. C. camphora essential oils showed variable antimicrobial activities against dermal and pulmonary-borne microbes.

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Determination of Essential Oil Bioactive Components and Rosmarinic Acid of Salvia officinalis Cultivated under Different Intra-row Spacing

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb529046 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad ABU DARWISH ◽

Ezz Al-Dein AL-RAMAMNEH ◽

Ivan SALAMON ◽

Ziad ABU-DIEYEH ◽

Mohamed AL NAWAISEH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Plant Density ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Human Disorders ◽

Tea Production ◽

First Time

Salvia officinalis, known also as sage, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that spreads all over the word in several countries. The demand for the raw material and extracts of this plant is increasing due to its numerous applications in pharmacy, food and herbal tea production. The present study investigated for the first time the effect of 15, 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing (plant density) on the main constituents of sage essential oils and rosmarinic acid content. The highest content of essential oils (2.7%) and rosmarinic acid (2.0%) were obtained in plants grown using 15 cm planting space. Likewise, close spacing resulted also in a substantial content of 1,8-cineole (47-50%, GC/FID; 55-60%, GC/MS). This work indicated that 1,8-cineole chemotype was a dominant character of cultivated S. officinalis in south of Jordan. In general, the percent of α-thujone in essential oil was not affected by intra-row spacing. However, the percent of β-thujone decreased from (2-3%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 15 cm intra-row spacing to (1-2%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing. The highest content of α-and β-pinene was recorded in plants grown using 45 cm planting space (8-10%, GC/FID; 5-6% GC/MS). Based on GC/MS, camphor compound was enriched (9-10%) in sage plants grown under 15 cm spacing and greater than in plants grown under 30 (6-7%) or 45 cm (5-6%) spacing. The results make the potential use of sage extracts in the treatment of some human disorders or illness an area of further research.

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/804658 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kamel Msaada ◽

Nidhal Salem ◽

Olfa Bachrouch ◽

Slim Bousselmi ◽

Sonia Tammar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

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