scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Bidens pilosa

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Paola Angelini ◽  
Florentina Matei ◽  
Giancarlo Angeles Flores ◽  
Roberto Maria Pellegrino ◽  
Lydie Vuguziga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Caftaric Acid ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Bidens pilosa L. (fam. Asteraceae) is an annual herb used globally in phytotherapy and each plant material or the whole plant have been declared to be effective. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to conduct metabolomic profiling of different plant materials, including the quali-quantitative composition of phenolic compounds. The intrinsic scavenging/reducing properties and antimicrobial effects of the extracts were assayed against numerous bacterial, Candida and dermatophytes species, whereas docking runs were conducted for tentatively unravelling the mechanism of action underlying antimicrobial effects. Oligosaccharide, disaccharide and fatty acids were present at higher concentrations in root rather than in the other plant parts. Monoglycerides were more abundant in stem than in the other plant parts, whereas peptide and diterpenoid were prominent in leaf and root, respectively. By contrast, amino acids showed very different distribution patterns in the four plant parts. Regarding the phenolic composition, appreciable levels of caftaric acid were found in most of the analyzed methanol extracts, that were also particularly efficacious as antiradical and anti-mycotic agents against C. albicans and dermatophytes. The docking experiments also showed a micromolar affinity of caftaric acid towards the lanosterol 14α-demethylase, deeply involved in fungal metabolism. In conclusion, the present study corroborates the B. pilosa as a phytotherapy remedy against infectious disease.

THE ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION IN SINGAPORE OF BIDENS PILOSA L. (ASTERACEAE)

COSMOS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. S. L. LOK ◽  
K.-X. TAN ◽  
H. T. W. TAN
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Bidens pilosa is less widespread than the other composites commonly found in Singapore as it is animal-dispersed, as opposed to wind-dispersed like most of the Asteraceae. However, this species has been observed to spread over a large area within a year in suitable habitats of sandy or rocky moist substrate with adequate sunlight, such as Jalan Chichau and Jalan Lam Sam. Judging by its invasive success in other tropical and subtropical countries, it should do well in Singapore. More studies can be done on this species, and the populations in the abovementioned localities should be closely monitored to determine the success, and the spread of the species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Plant Materials for the Control of Flea Beetles Podagrica spp on Okra Abelmoschus esculentus L

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
S. Danjuma ◽  
I. Muhammed ◽  
G. Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Whatman Filter Paper ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
African Locust Bean ◽  
Better Than

The efficacy of the Senegal prickly-ash Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) roots and the African locust bean tree Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) pod back was study for their efficacy in the control of okra pest, Podagrica spp. The study was carried out in the laboratory and on the field in the farming season of 2018. Z. zanthoxyloides roots were obtained from Jima-Doko forest and P. biglibosa fruit back from Takunpara. Both plant materials were air-dried under shade for 120 hours. Both plant parts were pounded separately in wooden mortar with the aid of wooden pestle until the materials turns to fine particles. Determined weight of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 grams were taken for each plant materials and soaked in water for 24 hours and stirred at intervals of an hour. The mixture were then sieved with a muslin cloth and filtered with Whatman filter paper to eliminate all finest particles of varying sizes. These concentrations were applied individually on 10 adults of Podagrica spp. in the laboratory. It was observed that the concentration of 200 – 300g performed better for both plant materials in the control of okra flea beetle. These resulted to the death of above 50% of the insect within 2 hours. These significant laboratory trials were then formulated and taken to the field. Both plant materials acted as anti-feedants and repellants against Podagrica spp. It was also revealed that Z. zanthoxyloides performed significantly (p<0.05) better than the P. biglibosa. Furthermore, short interval applications (<or=3days) of these plant materials could be a good  replacement for synthetic chemicals, hence bio-pesticides that could be adopted for organic agriculture.

scholarly journals Seed morphology and allelopathy of invasive Praxelis clematidea

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Suphannika INTANON ◽  
Buntoon WIENGMOON ◽  
Carol A. MALLORY-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seed Biology

Praxelis [Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M.King & H.Rob.] is an invasive species that infests many agricultural systems globally, such as orchards, rubber plantations, and other economic crops. The purpose of this research was to study seed morphology, germination factors, and allelopathy of aboveground parts of P. clematidea. P. clematidea seeds are small, light, and possess pappi that allow them to be dispersed easily by wind or animals. Among four P. clematidea populations collected from different provinces in Thailand, the size of P. clematidea seeds ranged from 2.6 to 3.2 mm in length, 0.6 to 0.7 mm in width, and were 0.4 mm in thickness. The weight of P. clematidea seeds ranged from 0.13 to 0.21 mg. P. clematidea had about 44 to 48 seeds per head. Seeds germinated over a temperature range of 20 to 30 °C while high (45 °C) and low (10 °C) temperatures reduced germination. Maximum germination occurred when seeds were planted on the soil surface. No seedlings germinated when seeds were planted at a depth more than 1 cm. P. clematidea extracts from aerial plant parts at concentrations of 25 and 50% inhibited seedling growth of hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.). Basic knowledge of the seed biology of P. clematidea and allelochemicals can help in understanding the invasiveness and in developing management strategies for this weed.

scholarly journals Potential Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Cassia timorensis DC.

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4545
Author(s):  
Nurul Amira Nurul Azman ◽  
Maram B. Alhawarri ◽  
Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa ◽  
Roza Dianita ◽  
Amirah Mohd Gazzali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Anionic Site ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ache Inhibitory Activity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Seventeen methanol extracts from different plant parts of five different Cassia species, including C. timorensis, C. grandis, C. fistula, C. spectabilis, and C. alata were screened against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). C. timorensis extracts were found to exhibit the highest inhibition towards AChE whereby the leaf, stem, and flower methanol extracts showed 94–97% inhibition. As far as we are aware, C. timorensis is one of the least explored Cassia spp. for bioactivity. Further fractionation led to the identification of six compounds, isolated for the first time from C. timorensis: 3-methoxyquercetin (1), benzenepropanoic acid (2), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), and 1-octadecanol (6). Compound 1 showed moderate inhibition towards AChE (IC50: 83.71 μM), while the other compounds exhibited poor to slightly moderate AChE inhibitory activity. Molecular docking revealed that the methoxy substitution of 1 formed a hydrogen bond with TYR121 at the peripheral anionic site (PAS) and the hydroxyl group at C5 formed a covalent hydrogen bond with ASP72. Additionally, the OH group at the C3′ position formed an interaction with the protein at the acyl pocket (PHE288). This possibly explains the activity of 1 in blocking the entry of acetylcholine (ACh, the neurotransmitter), thus impeding the hydrolysis of ACh.

A new method to obtain good anatomical slides of heterogeneous plant parts

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C. F. Barbosa ◽  
Marcelo R. Pace ◽  
Luciana Witovisk ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
New Method ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Cambial Variants

A new method is presented to prepare anatomical slides of plant materials including a combination of soft and hard tissues, such as stems with cambial variants, arboreal monocotyledons, and tree bark. The method integrates previous techniques aimed at softening the samples and making them thereby more homogeneous, with the use of anti-tearing polystyrene foam solution. In addition, we suggest two other alternatives to protect the sections from tearing: adhesive tape and/or Mayer’s albumin adhesive, both combined with the polystyrene foam solution. This solution is cheap and easy to make by dissolving any packaging polystyrene in butyl acetate. It is applied before each section is cut on a sliding microtome and ensures that all the tissues in the section will hold together. This novel microtechnical procedure will facilitate the study of heterogeneous plant portions, as shown in some illustrated examples.

scholarly journals Directionally Correlated Movement Can Drive Qualitative Changes in Emergent Population Distribution Patterns

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Characteristic Time ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Spatial Pattern Formation ◽  
Qualitative Changes

A fundamental goal of ecology is to understand the spatial distribution of species. For moving animals, their location is crucially dependent on the movement mechanisms they employ to navigate the landscape. Animals across many taxa are known to exhibit directional correlation in their movement. This work explores the effect of such directional correlation on spatial pattern formation in a model of between-population taxis (i.e., movement of each population in response to the presence of the others). A telegrapher-taxis formalism is used, which generalises a previously studied diffusion-taxis system by incorporating a parameter T, measuring the characteristic time for directional persistence. The results give general criteria for determining when changes in T will drive qualitative changes in the predictions of linear pattern formation analysis for N ≥ 2 populations. As a specific example, the N = 2 case is explored in detail, showing that directional correlation can cause one population to ‘chase’ the other across the landscape while maintaining a non-constant spatial distribution. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of accounting for directional correlation in movement for understanding both quantitative and qualitative aspects of species distributions.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Contents of Municipal and Rural Dumpsite Soils and Rate of Accumulation byCarica papayaandTalinum triangularein Uyo, Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Ebong ◽  
M. M. Akpan ◽  
V. N. Mkpenie
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Dumpsites in Uyo and most cities in Nigeria are used nutrients rich soils for cultivating fruits and vegetables without regards to the risk of toxic metal pollution by the wastes. This development necessitated the research on the assessment of the impact of municipal and rural dumpsites on the metal levels of the underlying soils, the relationship between the dumpsite- soil metal content and the rate of bio-accumulation by plants, the effect of plant specie and plant part on the rate of metal uptake. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for the analysis of the samples and results obtained from municipal dumpsite soil indicated the following mean concentrations: Fe, 1711.20 μg/g; Pb, 43.28 ug/g; Zn, 88.34 ug/g; Ni, 12.18 ug/g; Cd, 14.10 ug/g and Cu, 56.33 ug/g. These concentrations were relatively higher than the following concentrations: Fe, 1016.98 ug/g; Pb, 18.57 ug/g; Zn, 57.90 ug/g; Ni, 7.98 ug/g; Cd, 9.25 ug/g and Cu, 33.70 ug/g recorded for the rural dumpsite soil. Consequently, plants grown on municipal dumpsites soil accumulated higher concentrations of the metals than those on rural dumpsites. Results obtained from this study also revealed that plants grown on dumpsite soils bio-accumulated higher metal concentrations than their counterparts obtained from normal agricultural soils. The ability of plants to bioaccumulate these metals were also observed as being different from one plant to the other and from one plant parts to the other. And apart from Fe and Zn which recorded higher concentrations in the leaves of the plants studied, other metals recorded higher concentrations in the roots. The general results obtained revealed that the levels of Cd in dumpsite-soil were above the standard while the levels of Cd and Pb in plants were also above the recommended levels in plants. The implications of these high concentrations of these metals in soil and plants have been discussed. Some useful recommendations on the proper handling of wastes to reduce toxic metal loads at dumpsites have also been highlighted.

Camptothecin yield and distribution within Camptotheca acuminata trees cultivated in Louisiana

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Liu ◽  
John Adams
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Camptotheca Acuminata ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Raw Plant Materials ◽  
Component Field

Camptotheca acuminata plantations were established in southern Louisiana in an effort to provide raw plant materials for deriving camptothecins, compounds having antitumor activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and camptothecin distribution within the trees. It was found that all plant parts contained camptothecins following 1 year of growth in the field. Branches, roots, and stems accumulated significantly higher concentrations of camptothecins than leaves. Bark was significantly higher in camptothecin concentration than wood. Younger and older tissues within a growing season were not significantly different in camptothecin concentrations. High correlation in camptothecin concentration was found between branch and stem, root and stem, and root and branch, whereas little correlation was observed between bark and wood, and leaf and any other plant component. Field-grown C. acuminata has the observed characteristic of multiple current-year branching. The proportion of bark in term of dry weight and dimension decreased as trees increased in diameter. Dried shoots (bulk) contained 0.042% camptothecin, and dried roots (bulk) contained 0.051% camptothecin. Keywords: Camptotheca acuminata, medicinal plants cultivation, camptothecin content, camptothecin distribution, biomass.

scholarly journals Allelopathy in two species of Chenopodium -inhibition of germination and seedling growth of certain weeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Datta ◽  
Kaasi N. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Field Soils

The activity of washed leaf and inflorescence material of <em>Chenopodium ambrosioides</em> and <em>C. murale</em>, decaying leaves and inflorescences, and field soils collected beneath <em>Chenopodium</em> plants were examined in terms of the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of five weeds, viz. <em>Abutilon indicum, Cassia sophera</em> var. <em>purpurea, C. tora, Evolvulus numularius</em> and <em>Tephrosia hamiltonii</em>. The allelopathic pattern varied in each of the two test species and this depended on the type of test matter. However, the germination as well as the root and hypocotyl growth of <em>A. indicum</em> and <em>E. nummularius</em> were more hampered by phytotoxins or inhibitors from <em>Chenopodium</em> than were the other weeds. Since the leaf and inflorescence of Chenopodium formed the source of inhibitors, the respective plant-parts from the two species were chemically analysed and the presence of three terpenes (p-cymene, ascaridole and aritazone) from <em>C. ambrosioides</em> and an organic acid (oxalic acid) from <em>C. murale</em> were implicated in the allelopathic effect.

scholarly journals A checklist of macrofungi (mushroom) diversity and distribution in the forests of Tripura, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 16314-16346
Author(s):  
Sanjit Debnath ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Upadhyay ◽  
Rahul Saha ◽  
Koushik Majumdar ◽  
Panna Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Plant Parts

Abstract: The tropical region, which has the highest macrofungi diversity, has not been fully exploited instead of this is an important component of the global diversity. However, no work has been carried out to assess such diversity in Tripura. Since tropical forests are diverse in plant composition and structure, hence the objective of this study was to explore the mushroom species richness in Tripura, Northeast India with the aim of producing a checklist along with their present geographical distributions, key identification characters and valid photographs. Field surveys and collection of mushrooms were carried out in Tripura covering different sites during 2015–2018. Data on macrofungal diversity, distribution patterns and taxonomic identification were analyzed. A total of 217 wild mushrooms were documented from eight districts of Tripura, northeastern India. Out of 217 samples, 202 samples were identified up to the genus level, 125 samples were identified up to the species level.  A total of 76 genera belonging to 60 families and 25 orders were classified in this ecological study. The majority of macrofungi belong to the family Polyporaceae (30 nos), and order Agaricales (103 specimens). The wild macrofungi were collected from 56 sites of eight districts of this state and the maximum macrofungi diversity was recorded from Sepahijala District. Present findings also observed that the maximum wild fungi of this state grow on different plant parts. This is the preliminary study on documentation of wild macrofungi from eight districts of Tripura, northeastern India and it will be used as a reference database of wild mushrooms of this state, which will also help in future research work in different fields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document