scholarly journals Extraction Processes Affect the Composition and Bioavailability of Flavones from Lamiaceae Plants: A Comprehensive Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675
Author(s):  
Manuel Adrian Picos-Salas ◽  
José Basilio Heredia ◽  
Nayely Leyva-López ◽  
Dulce Libna Ambriz-Pérez ◽  
Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Plant ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Extraction Processes

Lamiaceae plants are a widespread family of herbaceous plants with around 245 plant genera and nearly 22,576 species distributed in the world. Some of the most representative and widely studied Lamiaceae plants belong to the Ocimum, Origanum, Salvia, and Thymus genera. These plants are a rich source of bioactive molecules such as terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In this sense, there is a subgroup of flavonoids classified as flavones. Flavones have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic potential; thus, efficient extraction techniques from their original plant matrixes have been developed. Currently, conventional extraction methods involving organic solvents are no longer recommended due to their environmental consequences, and new environmentally friendly techniques have been developed. Moreover, once extracted, the bioactivity of flavones is highly linked to their bioavailability, which is often neglected. This review aims to comprehensively gather recent information (2011–2021) regarding extraction techniques and their important relationship with the bioavailability of flavones from Lamiaceae plants including Salvia, Ocimum, Thymus, and Origanum.

ANTI-CANCER COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM SOFT CORAL SINULARIA CRUCIATA - ALCYONIIDAE

2012 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Quoc Hung Vo ◽  
Nguyen Phuong Nhi Doan ◽  
Dinh Quynh Phu Nguyen ◽  
Thi Dieu Tram Ho ◽  
Thi Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objectives: Nowadays, bioactive substances isolated from marine organisms which are abundant and varied in Vietnamese sea attracted more and more the attention of scientists in the world and Vietnam as well. We have studied on soft coral Sinularia cruciata – Alcyoniidae, which has never been studied in Vietnam before, to find substances which are useful in medical field, especially in anti-cancer therapy. Materials and method: Specimens of soft coral Sinularia cruciata were collected from Con Co, Quang Tri province in May 2011. Pure compounds were isolated by using Thin Layer Chromatography; Column Chromatography normal phase and inverse phase; Shephadex LH 20. Structures of them were determined by spectral data of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Results & Conclusion: Structures of 4 compounds were identified: (1) 5.8-epidioxycholest-6-en-3-ol (2) Cholesterol (3) 1-O-hexadecyl-glycerol (Chimyl alcohol) (4) Glycerol 1-O-octadecyl ether (Batyl alcohol). The substance (1) was demonstrated to have strong anti-cancer effects in previous study. Key words Sinularia cruciata, Alcyoniidae, 5,8-epidioxycholest-6-en-3-ol, soft coral, cancer.

Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Anti-Cancer Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Kostadinova ◽  
Milena Mourdjeva
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Blocking Mechanisms

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are localized throughout the adult body as a small population in the stroma of the tissue concerned. In injury, tissue damage, or tumor formation, they are activated and leave their niche to migrate to the site of injury, where they release a plethora of growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules. With the accumulation of data about the interaction between MSCs and tumor cells, the dualistic role of MSCs remains unclear. However, a large number of studies have demonstrated the natural anti-tumor properties inherent in MSCs, so this is the basis for intensive research for new methods using MSCs as a tool to suppress cancer cell development. This review focuses specifically on advanced approaches in modifying MSCs to become a powerful, precision- targeted tool for killing cancer cells, but not normal healthy cells. Suppression of tumor growth by MSCs can be accomplished by inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, or blocking mechanisms mediating metastasis. In addition, the chemosensitivity of cancer cells may be increased so that the dose of the chemotherapeutic agent used could be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Techniques and Their Comparison in the Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from Green Tea, Rosemary, Clove, and Oregano

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1869
Author(s):  
Mariel Calderón-Oliver ◽  
Edith Ponce-Alquicira
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Food Applications

Many current food and health trends demand the use of more ecological, sustainable, and environmentally friendly techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. However, extraction yields and final antioxidant activities vary between sources and are highly influenced by the given extraction method and nature and ratio of the employed solvent, especially for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are well recognized as natural antioxidants with food applications. This review focused on the most common extraction techniques and potential antioxidant activity in the food industry for various natural antioxidant sources, such as green tea, rosemary, clove, and oregano. Green extraction techniques have been proven to be far more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical. In general, these techniques include the use of microwaves, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, enzymes, and deep eutectic solvents, among others. These extraction methods are described here, including their advantages, disadvantages, and applications.

scholarly journals Extraction Methods and Their Influence on Yield When Extracting Thermo-Vacuum-Modified Chestnut Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Maurizio D’Auria ◽  
Marisabel Mecca ◽  
Maria Roberta Bruno ◽  
Luigi Todaro
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Molybdenum Catalysts ◽  
Chestnut Wood

Improvements in the yield and solubility of chestnut wood extractives, by using different extraction methods and molybdenum catalysts as support, have rarely been reported in literature. Many studies focus on the different parts of trees, except for the chemical characteristics of the remaining extractives achieved from thermally modified (THM) chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) wood. This research seeks to better understand the effects of extraction techniques and catalysts on the yield and solubility of extractives. GC-MS analysis of the chloroform soluble and insoluble fractions was also used. Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) 110 °C, Soxhlet, and autoclave extraction techniques were used to obtain extractives from untreated and thermally modified (THM) chestnut wood (170 °C for 3 h). Ethanol/H2O, ethanol/toluene, and water were the solvents used for each technique. A polyoxometalate compound (H3PMo12O40) and MoO3 supported on silica were used as catalysts. The THM induced a change in the wood’s surface color (ΔE = 21.5) and an increase in mass loss (5.9%), while the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was reduced by 17.4% compared to the control wood. The yields of the extractives and their solubility were always higher in THM and mainly used ASE as the technique. GC-MS analysis of the extractives, without catalyst support, showed different results for each extraction technique and type of wood (untreated and THM). Ultimately, the amount of extractive compound dissolved in each solvent will differ, and the choice of extraction technique will depend on the intended final application of the extracted chemical product.

scholarly journals Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Using an Optimised Dual Extraction Process to Study Human Brain Cancer Cells and Tissues

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Alison Woodward ◽  
Alina Pandele ◽  
Salah Abdelrazig ◽  
Catherine A. Ortori ◽  
Iqbal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Serum Starvation ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Dual Extraction

The integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics from the same population of cells or tissue enhances the confidence in the identified metabolic pathways and understanding of the enzyme–metabolite relationship. Here, we optimised a simultaneous extraction method of metabolites/lipids and RNA from ependymoma cells (BXD-1425). Relative to established RNA (mirVana kit) or metabolite (sequential solvent addition and shaking) single extraction methods, four dual-extraction techniques were evaluated and compared (methanol:water:chloroform ratios): cryomill/mirVana (1:1:2); cryomill-wash/Econospin (5:1:2); rotation/phenol-chloroform (9:10:1); Sequential/mirVana (1:1:3). All methods extracted the same metabolites, yet rotation/phenol-chloroform did not extract lipids. Cryomill/mirVana and sequential/mirVana recovered the highest amounts of RNA, at 70 and 68% of that recovered with mirVana kit alone. sequential/mirVana, involving RNA extraction from the interphase of our established sequential solvent addition and shaking metabolomics-lipidomics extraction method, was the most efficient approach overall. Sequential/mirVana was applied to study a) the biological effect caused by acute serum starvation in BXD-1425 cells and b) primary ependymoma tumour tissue. We found (a) 64 differentially abundant metabolites and 28 differentially expressed metabolic genes, discovering four gene-metabolite interactions, and (b) all metabolites and 62% lipids were above the limit of detection, and RNA yield was sufficient for transcriptomics, in just 10 mg of tissue.

scholarly journals ECG Beats Classification Using Mixture of Features

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manab Kumar Das ◽  
Samit Ari
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ectopic Beat ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
S Transform ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals plays an important role in clinical diagnosis of heart disease. This paper proposes the design of an efficient system for classification of the normal beat (N), ventricular ectopic beat (V), supraventricular ectopic beat (S), fusion beat (F), and unknown beat (Q) using a mixture of features. In this paper, two different feature extraction methods are proposed for classification of ECG beats: (i) S-transform based features along with temporal features and (ii) mixture of ST and WT based features along with temporal features. The extracted feature set is independently classified using multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN). The performances are evaluated on several normal and abnormal ECG signals from 44 recordings of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. In this work, the performances of three feature extraction techniques with MLP-NN classifier are compared using five classes of ECG beat recommended by AAMI (Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation) standards. The average sensitivity performances of the proposed feature extraction technique for N, S, F, V, and Q are 95.70%, 78.05%, 49.60%, 89.68%, and 33.89%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed feature extraction techniques show better performances compared to other existing features extraction techniques.

Kolaviron, a Biflavonoid Compound: Pharmacological activity and Therapeutic Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damilare Rotimi ◽  
Jennifer Chidubem Amanze ◽  
Adebola Busola Ojo ◽  
Matthew Iyobhebhe ◽  
Tobiloba Christiana Elebiyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Grown Plant ◽  
Viable Treatment

Abstract: The use of herbal remedies for medicinal purposes is becoming more popular around the world. As a result, plants have become viable treatment options for a variety of diseases. Garcinia kola (bitter kola) is a perennially grown plant in the Guttiferae family that has been evaluated and reported to have numerous health-promoting properties. Kolaviron is a biflavanoid and major phytochemical found in Garcinia kola that includes Garcinia Biflavanoid-1 (GB-1), kolaflavanone, and Garcinia Biflavanoid-2 (GB-2). It is obtained as a fraction extracted from Garcinia kola. Kolaviron's pharmacological properties include anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, ameliorative, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-amnesic properties. Kolaviron is recommended for use in clinical settings because it has been shown to have a high therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of kolaviron.

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rational Decisions

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles educates readers about energy and the environment and the relationship between the energy we use and the environment. The world is at a point in time when people need to make very important decisions about energy in the next few decades. This book enables readers to utilize our scientific knowledge to make good rational decisions. Energy Efficiency of Vehicles provides information on: Calculations related to energy, power, and efficiency, and the impact of using different types of energy on the environment. Environmental consequences of consuming energy. Models related to impact of city driving on the energy efficiency and fuel economy of cars and trucks.

A Novel Framework for Efficient Extraction of Meaningful Key Frames From Surveillance Video

2019 ◽  
pp. 342-359
Author(s):  
Suresh Chandra Raikwar ◽  
Charul Bhatnagar ◽  
Anand Singh Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Surveillance Video ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Key Frame Extraction ◽  
Key Frame ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Key Frames ◽  
Edge Histogram

The key frame extraction, aimed at reducing the amount of information from a surveillance video for analysis by human. The key frame is an important frame of a video to provide an overview of the video. Extraction of key frames from surveillance video is of great interest in effective monitoring and later analysis of video. The computational cost of the existing methods of key frame extraction is very high. The proposed method is a framework for Key frame extraction from a long surveillance video with significantly reduced computational cost. The proposed framework incorporates human intelligence in the process of key frame extraction. The results of proposed framework are compared with the results of IMARS (IBM multimedia analysis and retrieval system), results of the key frame extraction methods based on entropy difference method, spatial color distribution method and edge histogram descriptor method. The proposed framework has been objectively evaluated by fidelity. The experimental results demonstrate evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Ethnic Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Cyperus rotundus

2022 ◽  
pp. 431-453
Author(s):  
Mohammed Rahmatullah ◽  
Khoshnur Jannat ◽  
Gerald R. Reeck ◽  
Rownak Jahan ◽  
Taufiq Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Validation

Cyperus rotundus (nut grass in English) is a perennial erect sedge plant and is distributed in over 90 countries of the world, where it has been mostly classified as a highly invasive weed. Despite this classification, the plant has been considered from traditional times to be medicinally important. The traditional uses of the plant in various countries include uses against various gastrointestinal tract disorders, skin diseases, leprosy, fever, and neurological disorders. Evaluation of the plant and especially its rhizomes in a scientific manner has revealed the presence of numerous phytochemicals and wide-ranging pharmacological activities, which include anti-microbial, gastrointestinal, wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and anti-pyretic activity. The scientific validation of a number of traditional uses strongly indicates that the plant may prove useful in the discovery of a number of lead compounds and novel drugs.

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