scholarly journals Evaluation of Pb, Mg, Al, Zn, and Cu as Electrode Materials in the Electrocoagulation of Microalgae

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Jesse T. Phiri ◽  
Hun Pak ◽  
Junhyung We ◽  
Sanghwa Oh
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency

Apart from the conventionally used iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) electrodes in microalgae harvesting, experiments were designed to examine the viability of lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) as electrode materials in the harvesting of microalgae. The effect of voltage on the flocculation efficiency (FE) of the electrode materials was examined and compared. By dividing the optimal FE values by their corresponding periods, a simple yet practical approach was used to rank the electrode materials. From highest to lowest flocculation efficiency, the results were as follows: Cu, Zn, Mg, Al, and Pb at 10 V; Mg, Zn, Cu, Al, and Pb at 20 V; and Mg, Zn, Al, Cu, and Pb at 30 V. Important factors such as temperature, periodic FE, consumption of electrode material, pH, and metallic concentrations in the effluent were evaluated. The temperature increase proposed to have been affected by electric resistance drop and anodic corrosion, between 1.7 °C and 3.3 °C, 5 °C and 8.9 °C, and 10.5 °C and 18.4 °C was recorded at 10 V, 20 V, and 30 V respectively. Except for the supernatants of the experiments from Al electrodes, which remained relatively unaffected by voltage and time, the pH of all the other supernatants increased with time and voltage. The effluents recorded metallic concentrations between 0.513 mg/L and 43.8 mg/L for Pb, 7.02 mg/L and 20.5 mg/L for Mg, 1.34 mg/L and 9.09 mg/L for Al, 0.079 mg/L and 0.089 mg/L for Zn, and 0.252 mg/L and 0.434 mg/L for Cu electrodes.

scholarly journals A vanadium-based oxide-phosphate-pyrophosphate framework as a 4 V electrode material for K-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirai Ohara ◽  
A. Shahul Hameed ◽  
Kei Kubota ◽  
Akihiro Katogi ◽  
Kuniko Chihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Positive Electrode ◽  
Electrical Energy Storage ◽  
Positive Electrode Materials

K-ion batteries (KIBs) are promising for large-scale electrical energy storage owing to the abundant resources and the electrochemical specificity of potassium. Among the positive electrode materials for KIBs, vanadium-based polyanionic...

3D hierarchical porous N-doped carbon quantum dots/vanadium nitride hybrid microflowers as a superior electrode material toward high-performance asymmetric capacitive deionization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Zhao ◽  
Zhibo Zhao ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Xiangdong Ma ◽  
Meidan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Vanadium Nitride ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

Taking into account of time-confusing preparation processing and unsatisfied desalination capacity of carbon nanomaterials, exploring efficient electrode materials remains a great challenge for practical capacitive deionization (CDI) application. In this...

scholarly journals Bio-Flocculation Property Analyses of Oleaginous Microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides UTEX 2341

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Jinyu Li ◽  
Baozhen Li ◽  
Jinshui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Microalgae Harvesting ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
Oleaginous Microalgae ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Flocculation Ability ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Auxenochlorella Protothecoides

The bio-flocculation ability of UTEX 2341 was studied for the purpose of improving microalgae harvesting efficiency to cut the high cost of biofuel production. The algae cells of UTEX 2341 cultured under heterotrophic and municipal wastewater conditions were found to have better self-flocculation ability, with flocculation rates of 92% and 85% at 2 h, respectively. Moreover, the flocculation rates of 16 freeze-dried microalgae powder samples cultured under different stress conditions were 0~72% with an algae powder dosage of 35 mg L−1. The flocculation efficiency of DIM, DCd1, DT28, and L6S was stable under different pH of 3~9 and temperatures of 15~50 °C. For samples of IM, LCd0.6, LMn2, and LZn2, the flocculation efficiency decreased or increased respectively with increased pH or temperatures. Though the flocculation properties of the eight samples showed wide differences, their flocculant compositions were almost the same with unknown components occupying large proportions. More studies needed to be further carried out to reveal the flocculation mechanisms and analyze the flocculation abilities in practical application, which would be conducive to future large-scale application of the bio-flocculation method and also cost reduction.

Wood-based self-supporting flexible electrode materials for energy storage applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Liu ◽  
Zhen Ji ◽  
Shuyan Zhao ◽  
Qingyuan Niu ◽  
Songqi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Carbon Material ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Flexible Electrode ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Energy Storage Applications

The delignified wood-based self-supporting carbon material is an ideal basic interdigital flexible electrode material, which has good application potential.

Dependence of Ferroelectric Properties of SBT Based Capacitors on the Electrode Material

1998 ◽  
Vol 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tirumala ◽  
S. O. Ryu ◽  
K. B. Lee ◽  
R. Vedula ◽  
S. B. Desu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Non Volatile Memory ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Memory Applications

AbstractThe effect of various electrode materials on the ferroelectric properties of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films has been investigated for non-volatile memory applications. Two sets of electrode structures, viz., Pt-Ir based and Pt-Rh based, were sputter deposited in-situ on Si substrates. SBT thin films were deposited on these electrodes using a metal-organic solution deposition technique followed by a post-deposition anneal at 750 °C in oxygen. Structural characterization revealed a polycrystalline nature with predominant perovskite phase in SBT thin films. Ferroelectric properties were studied in capacitor mode by depositing top electrodes, where the top electrode material is identical to that of the bottom electrode. Extensive analysis of the ferroelectric properties signify the important role played by the electrode material in establishing the device applicability is reported in this work.

scholarly journals Easy approach to synthesize N/P/K co-doped porous carbon microfibers from cane molasses as a high performance supercapacitor electrode material

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (66) ◽  
pp. 34739-34750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfin Kurniawan ◽  
L. K. Ong ◽  
Fredi Kurniawan ◽  
C. X. Lin ◽  
Felycia E. Soetaredjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Electrochemical Application ◽  
Carbon Microfibers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Co Doped

For the first time, porous carbon microfibers co-doped with N/P/K were synthesized from cane molasses by combination of electrospinning and carbonization techniques and its electrochemical application to electrode materials for supercapacitors was investigated.

scholarly journals Microencapsulated Phase Changing Materials for Gypsum Plasters: A Practical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-202
Author(s):  
Vincent Claude ◽  
Stéphane Charron ◽  
Fabrice de Barquin ◽  
Inge Dirkx
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Thermal Potential ◽  
Gypsum Plaster ◽  
European Standards

Several studies have shown the feasibility and thermal potential of gypsum plaster with microspheres of PCM, but very few of them investigated an approach with practical and standards concern. In this work, different characterizations are performed according to European standards on a standard gypsum plaster and two different gypsum plasters formulated with 20 wt.% of PCM microspheres. A material is experimentally made by mixing conventional gypsum and PCM microspheres, whereas the other is an already prepared commercial mix. For the laboratory material, the addition of PCM increases the consistency of the fresh paste of plaster. In order to reach a consistency in agreement with the standards more water is required. This higher amount of water causes further issues on the densification and cohesion properties. In contrary, the properties of the commercial mix are closer to a common plaster. It is therefore assumed that the commercial material incorporates thinner additives. In view of these results, it is assumed that most of the drawbacks due to the addition of PCM microspheres in gypsum plasters could effectively be encountered by adequate addition of additives in order to reduce the amount of water, and binding resins in order to improve the adhesion and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Experimental study on high-efficiency DC short electric arc milling of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjie Zhou ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jianping Zhou ◽  
Lizhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Tool Electrode ◽  
Q235 Steel

Abstract Short electric arc milling (SEAM) is an efficient electrical discharge machining method, especially for the efficient removal of difficult-to-machine conductive materials with high hardness, high toughness, and wear resistance. In this study, titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V is used as the research object to conduct machining experiments. The material removal mechanism of SEAM technology is studied using a DC power supply and different tool electrode materials (copper, graphite, Q235 steel, and titanium). The energy distribution of the discharge gap is analyzed using a data acquisition system and a high-speed camera. The arc is found to move with the spindle rotation in the process of arc discharge, and multi-point discharge occurs in the process of single-arc discharge. The voltage and current waveforms and the radius of the etched particles during the experiment were counted, the material removal rate (MRR) and relative tool wear rate (RTWR) are calculated, and the surface and cross-section micromorphology and hardness are analyzed. The experimental results show that when the electrode material is graphite, the maximum feed rate is 650 mm/min, the MRR can reach 17268 mm3/min, the ideal maximum MRR is more than 65000 mm3/min, and the RTWR is only 1.27%. When the electrode material is Q235 steel, the minimum surface roughness is 35.04 µm, and this material has good stability under different input voltages. When the electrode material is copper, the hardness of the resolidified layer is close to that of the base material, which is beneficial for further processing. The lowest specific energy consumption is 18.26 kJ/cm3 when titanium is used as the electrode material.

scholarly journals Ce-Doped PANI/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites: Electrode Materials for Supercapattery

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Pandey ◽  
Shova Neupane ◽  
Dipak Kumar Gupta ◽  
Anju Kumari Das ◽  
Nabin Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this study, we report on a combined approach to preparing an active electrode material for supercapattery application by making nanocomposites of Polyaniline/Cerium (PANI/Ce) with different weight percentages of magnetite (Fe3O4). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses supported the interaction of PANI with Ce and the formation of the successful nanocomposite with magnetite nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed the uniform and porous morphology of the composites. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) were used to test the supercapattery behavior of the nanocomposite electrodes in 1.0 M H2SO4. It was found that the supercapattery electrode of PANI/Ce+7 wt.% Fe3O4 exhibited a specific capacity of 171 mAhg−1 in the potential range of −0.2 to 1.0 V at the current density of 2.5 Ag−1. Moreover, PANI/Ce+7 wt.% Fe3O4 revealed a power density of 376.6 Wkg−1 along with a maximum energy density of 25.4 Whkg−1 at 2.5 Ag−1. Further, the cyclic stability of PANI/Ce+7 wt.% Fe3O4 was found to be 96.0% after 5,000 cycles. The obtained results suggested that the PANI/Ce+Fe3O4 nanocomposite could be a promising electrode material candidate for high-performance supercapattery applications.

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