scholarly journals Multi-Rate Data Fusion for State and Parameter Estimation in (Bio-)Chemical Process Engineering

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Robert Dürr ◽  
Stefanie Duvigneau ◽  
Carsten Seidel ◽  
Achim Kienle ◽  
Andreas Bück
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Current State ◽  
Delayed Measurement ◽  
Advanced Model ◽  
Mathematical Process

For efficient operation, modern control approaches for biochemical process engineering require information on the states of the process such as temperature, humidity or chemical composition. Those measurement are gathered from a set of sensors which differ with respect to sampling rates and measurement quality. Furthermore, for biochemical processes in particular, analysis of physical samples is necessary, e.g., to infer cellular composition resulting in delayed information. As an alternative for the use of this delayed measurement for control, so-called soft-sensor approaches can be used to fuse delayed multirate measurements with the help of a mathematical process model and provide information on the current state of the process. In this manuscript we present a complete methodology based on cascaded unscented Kalman filters for state estimation from delayed and multi-rate measurements. The approach is demonstrated for two examples, an exothermic chemical reactor and a recently developed model for biopolymer production. The results indicate that the the current state of the systems can be accurately reconstructed and therefore represent a promising tool for further application in advanced model-based control not only of the considered processes but also of related processes.

scholarly journals Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising tool in nanomedicine with particular emphasis on oncological treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Monica Butnariu ◽  
Lia Sanda Rotariu ◽  
Oksana Sytar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Current State ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Toxicity Of Drugs ◽  
New System

AbstractThe study describes the current state of knowledge on nanotechnology and its utilization in medicine. The focus in this manuscript was on the properties, usage safety, and potentially valuable applications of chitosan-based nanomaterials. Chitosan nanoparticles have high importance in nanomedicine, biomedical engineering, discovery and development of new drugs. The manuscript reviewed the new studies regarding the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles for creating new release systems with improved bioavailability, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity of drugs. Nowadays, effective cancer treatment is a global problem, and recent advances in nanomedicine are of great importance. Special attention was put on the application of chitosan nanoparticles in developing new system for anticancer drug delivery. Pre-clinical and clinical studies support the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine. This manuscript overviews the last progresses regarding the utilization, stability, and bioavailability of drug nanoencapsulation with chitosan and their safety.

Formulation of a Mathematical Process Model for the Foaming of a Mesophase Carbon Precursor

1992 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Sandhu ◽  
J. W. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Bubble Surface ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Mesophase Pitch ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Experimental Effort ◽  
Mathematical Process

ABSTRACTMathematical equations have been formulated to guide an experimental effort to produce an open-celled mesophase pitch foam. The formulation provides an analytical description of homogeneous bubble nucleation and growth, diffusion of the blowing gas through the liquid to the bubble surface, and the average material thickness between bubbles. Implications of the formulation for the experimental production of mesophase pitch foam are discussed.

scholarly journals 389 Interactions between zinc, copper, and growth promoting technologies in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Olivia N Genther-Schroeder ◽  
Remy N Carmichael ◽  
Elizabeth M Messersmith ◽  
Katherine Hochmuth ◽  
Elisabeth Lonergan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Anabolic Implants

Abstract Trace minerals (TM) are required for many biochemical processes and support optimal animal growth. However, as animal genetics and feed technologies in the beef industry have advanced, our understanding of the TM requirements of modern cattle has lagged. Recently, Zn and Cu have emerged as potential targets for better understanding the interaction between nutrition and growth-promoting technologies like anabolic implants and β-agonists (BA). Both Zn and Cu are phosphodiesterase inhibitors, potentially maintaining cAMP concentrations, potentiating the BA signal. Zinc supplementation well above national recommendations can improve ADG or HCW in finishing cattle during the BA feeding period, and N retention is increased by both Zn and BA supplementation, suggesting a major role for Zn is in protein accretion. Interestingly, Cu status of feedlot steers appears to affect ADG during the BA period, where steers with moderate liver Cu and 10 mg Cu/kg diet DM gaining more than steers with high or low Cu status. Anabolic implants likely improve growth through altering protein deposition, degradation and satellite cell proliferation, processes that can be linked to Cu and Zn metalloproteins. Implanting cattle decreases both plasma and liver Zn, and heifers receiving a long-lasting implant had greater HCW when supplemented with 100 mg Zn/kg DM when compared with 30 mg Zn/kg DM. It is apparent Cu status and supplementation also affect the response to hormone implants. Steers supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM had greater liver Cu concentrations and a lesser response to an implant than steers supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM. Current state of knowledge suggests TM status and diet concentrations can impact the response to growth promoting technologies. Much remains to be learned about cattle requirements for dietary TM, and the appropriate TM concentrations to optimize feedlot cattle performance.

scholarly journals Bacterium-Mediated RNA Interference: Potential Application in Plant Protection

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Goodfellow ◽  
Daai Zhang ◽  
Ming-Bo Wang ◽  
Ren Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications

RNAi has emerged as a promising tool for targeting agricultural pests and pathogens and could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional means of control. However, the deployment of this technology is still limited by a lack of suitable exogenous- or externally applied delivery mechanisms. Numerous means of overcoming this limitation are being explored. One such method, bacterium-mediated RNA interference, or bmRNAi, has been explored in other systems and shows great potential for application to agriculture. Here, we review the current state of bmRNAi, examine the technical limitations and possible improvements, and discuss its potential applications in crop protection.

scholarly journals Risk Management in Product Design: Current State, Conceptual Model and Future Research

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Oehmen ◽  
Mohammad Ben-Daya ◽  
Warren Seering ◽  
Muhammad Al-Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Iso 31000 ◽  
Risk Treatment ◽  
Process Elements ◽  
High Degree

Risk management is an important element of product design. It helps to minimize the project- and product-related risks such as project budget and schedule overrun, or missing product cost and quality targets. Risk management is especially important for complex, international product design projects that involve a high degree of novel technology. This paper reviews the literature on risk management in product design. It examines the newly released international standard ISO 31000 “Risk management — Principles and guidelines” and explores its applicability to product design. The new standard consists of the seven process steps communication and consultation; establishing the context; risk identification; risk analysis; risk evaluation; risk treatment; and monitoring and review. A literature review reveals, among other findings, that the general ISO 31000 process model seems applicable to risk management in product design; the literature addresses different process elements to varying degrees, but none fully according to ISO recommendations; and that the integration of product design risk management with risk management of other disciplines, or between project and portfolio level in product design, is not well developed.

scholarly journals Ablative Acceleration of Foils, Their Pulsations, and Interchange Instability

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-506
Author(s):  
N.A. Inogamov
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
Inhomogeneous Distribution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Current State ◽  
Confinement Fusion ◽  
Interchange Instability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

The problem of hydrodynamic stability is important for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) systems based upon high compression of fuel before its ignition. This problem for the case of complicated multilayer foils has been studied here by a new approach describing the development of Rayleigh-Taylor or interchange instability in compressible media with inhomogeneous distribution of “entropy”s = ρ/ρk, ∂ where K = (∂ In ρ/∂ In ρ)s is an adiabatic derivative taken in the local hydrostatic values of ρ and ρ. Inhomogeneous distribution of s simulates the dynamics of development of perturbations of multilayer flyer foils and shells. Besides instability, the same approach has been used for analysis of ID pulsations of a levitated foil. The problem of pulsations is real in the case of foils. Indeed, (1) an ablative acceleration is equivalent to an effective gravity field, which causes the appearance of an atmospheric-type distribution of thermodynamic functions, (2) the duration of ablative flight of foil is at least several times larger than the time that is necessary for an acoustic wave to travel from one side of the foil to another side, and (3) there is a strong initial impulse that initiates the motion of foil. This impulse together with (1, 2) is a reason for the powerful pulsations of foils. The period of pulsations is defined by the velocity of sound in the foil material, which is dependent on the derivatives of an equation of state (EOS). The check of the derivatives gives us finer information concerning the current state of matter and the EOS than the usual measurements of material velocity and pressure that are rougher measures. Therefore, an analysis of pulsations seems to be a promising tool for tracking the dynamics of flyer foil and for the definition of thermodynamic properties of matter.

scholarly journals THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS - DIAGNOSING THE PROBLEM: “TAKE TIME TO DEFINE” WITH CONTEXTUAL INQUIRY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A.C. Flemming ◽  
Clifton R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Engineering Discipline ◽  
Current State ◽  
Problem Diagnosis

In previous work [1] it was argued that turning attention from the act of problem solving to the act of problem defining has several benefits for engineering students and practitioners alike. Such benefits include developing and refining student’s empathy and critical thinking skills inside the engineering discipline. The practical question then becomes how to teach and practice the process of defining the problem well. The following paper is a literature review of the current state of problem definition within engineering design research and how problem diagnosis can be taught and practiced by engineers. Two significant insights emerge from this review: (1) traditional engineering design literature does not suggest processes for defining problems; and (2) the authors consider "Contextual Inquiry" the most promising tool for problem diagnosis from an Industrial Engineering perspective.

scholarly journals Modelling an Intelligent System for Management of Central Sterilization Units

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Ali Findik ◽  
Ozgun Pinarer ◽  
Sultan Turhan
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
New Process ◽  
Health Institutions

Central Sterilization Units (MSU) in our country are insufficient in terms of planning, operation, management, infrastructure design and technological aspects. This negatively affects the work of health institutions and causes the spread of hospital infections threatening public health. A business plan to be adopted throughout the country is standardized by supporting the operation processes of MSUs which have an important place in terms of the health of the health institutions in our work in terms of community health, with the technological infrastructure. In this report, a smart system model is presented in order to improve the productivity of the business processes belonging to the Central Sterilization Unit of health institutions and to improve their performance. With the new process model unveiled, standardization is realized in the processes applied in the MSUs. In this direction, firstly the functioning of the MSU of a medium-sized health institution was examined, the causes of the inefficiency in the current operation were determined, and a new process modelling was carried out to improve the system. In the second stage of the project, the center's productivity and performance changes were measured if an information system was included in the operation of the MS. Business processes and writing processes are reconfigured in line with the outputs obtained and made suitable for the health institution. In addition, with the barcode-optical reader system added to the information system, the error-free and efficient operation of the system has been ensured by minimizing the user interaction in line with the internet principles of the objects.

scholarly journals Bereavement in Times of COVID-19: A Review and Theoretical Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-522
Author(s):  
Margaret Stroebe ◽  
Henk Schut
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Expert Assessments

A review of the literature on adaptation to bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge. Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 outbreak. 44 articles were included in the review. Narrative synthesis showed that knowledge was largely based on expert assessments of prior bereavement research and professional experience; there is so far absence of empirical evidence linking features of COVID-19 bereavement situations to health outcomes. Severe negative consequences have been consistently predicted by authors. There is still relatively little consideration of positive or compensatory processes or the possibility that these could alleviate the effect of the shocking, traumatic circumstances. With two notable exceptions, there has been lack of attention to the role of theoretical models for guiding research and practice. A theoretical perspective (the Dual Process Model, DPM) was applied to the information derived from the available articles. Two features of the DPM framework illustrated its relevance: 1. It enables systematic assessment of the range of loss- and restoration-related challenges for the bereaved; 2. It speaks for extension of psychotherapeutic intervention to manage secondary, restoration- as well as primary, loss-oriented stressors; studies have demonstrated that this may increase the effectiveness of intervention. Directions for future research and DPM application are suggested.

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