scholarly journals Circulation of Toscana Virus in a Sample Population of Corsica, France

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Shirley Masse ◽  
Nazli Ayhan ◽  
Lisandru Capai ◽  
Rémi Charrel ◽  
Alessandra Falchi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

Sandfly-borne phleboviruses pathogenic to humans, such as Toscana virus (TOSV) and sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), are endemic in the Mediterranean region. In France, several autochthonous cases of TOSV infection have been described which cause either meningitis or encephalitis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of TOSV and SFSV antibodies in a healthy population from Corsica. In this cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled from the medical staff at University of Corsica Pasquale Paoli (UCPP) and from general practitioners of the Corsican Sentinelles Network. The seroprevalence study was based on virus microneutralization (MN). A total of 240 patients were tested for TOSV and SFSV. Altogether, 54 serum samples were confirmed for TOSV infection (seroprevalence = 22.5%). None of the samples were positive for SFSV (0/240). The main place of residence was significantly associated with TOSV seropositivity (p-value = 0.005). The overall rate of TOSV antibody seroprevalence observed in our study suggests a more intense circulation of TOSV in Corsica, with a rate significantly higher than the 8.7% reported in Corsica in 2007 from blood donors. The absence of seropositivity to SFSV seems to confirm the low circulation of this virus in Corsica and in continental France. The increasing circulation of TOSV reported here should encourage the implementation of surveillance systems to control phlebovirus infection.

scholarly journals Circulation of Toscana Virus in a Sample Population of Corsica, France

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Masse ◽  
Nazli Ayhan ◽  
Lisandru Capai ◽  
Frédéric Bosseur ◽  
Xavier de Lamballerie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residential District ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

Sandfly-borne phleboviruses pathogenic to humans, such as Toscana virus (TOSV) and Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), are endemic in the Mediterranean region. In France, several autochthonous cases of TOSV infection have been described, causing either meningitis or encephalitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of TOSV and SFSV antibodies in a healthy population from Corsica. In this cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled (i) from a medical staff at the University of Corsica and (ii) from general practitioners of the Corsican Sentinelles Network. The seroprevalence study was based on a virus microneutralization assay. A total of 240 sera were tested. Altogether, 54 sera (22.5%) were confirmed positive for TOSV antibodies, whereas none were positive for SFSV (0/240). The residential district of participants was significantly associated with TOSV seropositivity (p value = 0.005). The rate of the seropositivity against TOSV in our study suggests that the Corsican population is well exposed to the TOSV. These results encourage the implementation of a systematic surveillance system including entomological, microbiological, and medical aspects for the collection of better information on the diseases that are associated with phleboviruses in Corsica and beyond in the regions where these viruses are present.

Usefulness of seroconversion rates for comparing infection pressures between countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SIMONSEN ◽  
P. TEUNIS ◽  
W. VAN PELT ◽  
Y. VAN DUYNHOVEN ◽  
K. A. KROGFELT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
True Infection ◽  
Rate Ratios

SUMMARYSalmonella is a frequent cause of foodborne illness. However, since most symptomatic cases are not diagnosed, the true infection pressure is unknown. Furthermore, national surveillance systems have different sensitivities that limit inter-country comparisons. We have used recently developed methods for translating measurements of Salmonella antibodies into estimates of seroincidence: the frequency of infections including asymptomatic cases. This methodology was applied to cross-sectional collections of serum samples obtained from the general healthy population in three European countries. Denmark and The Netherlands had the lowest seroincidence (84169 infections/1000 person-years), whereas Poland had the highest seroincidence (547/1000 person-years). A Bayesian method for obtaining incidence rate ratios was developed; this showed a 6·3 (95% credibility interval 3·3–12·5) higher incidence in Poland than in Denmark which demonstrates that this methodology has a wider applicability for studies of surveillance systems and evaluation of control programmes.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Physical Activity among Medical Students of Jazan University: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Eldin Elsawi Khalafalla ◽  
Mohamed Salih Mahfouz ◽  
Muath Hassan Ibrahim Najmi ◽  
Sayyaf Abdullah Mohammad Najmi ◽  
Qasem Ali Yahya Arishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is one of the most important factors that affect human health; it reduces the chances of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, breast and colon cancer, and depression.OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to measure prevalence of physical activity and to determine the factors affecting the level of physical activity among medical student in Jazan University.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of medical colleges of Jazan University. A random sample of 419 was determined using most recent physical activity prevalence. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.RESULTS: There is a high prevalence of inactivity among study participants (88.1%). Females (91.7%) were more significantly (p value=0.013) inactive than males (83.8%). The most influential barrier perceived by participants is (heavy) academic work as well as lack of places for physical activity; the latter factor being more effective in hindering female students' physical activity.CONCLUSION: Results revealed that the inactivity rate was very high among medical students. The results of this study call for a well-planned intervention at the university level for improving the level of physical activity among university students.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Trichinella spiralis Infection in Blood Donors from Western Romania

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Radu Pavel ◽  
Sorin Ursoniu ◽  
Ana Alexandra Paduraru ◽  
Rodica Lighezan ◽  
Maria Alina Lupu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trichinella Infection ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Western Romania

Background and Objectives: Trichinellosis, a serious and sometimes fatal human disease, is a foodborne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Humans are infected with Trichinella larvae through the ingestion of meat that has not been properly cooked. Romania reported most of the confirmed cases of trichinellosis among the EU countries. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate, for the first time, the seroprevalence and risk factors of Trichinella infection in blood donors from Western Romania. Materials and Methods: Serum samples of 1347 consecutive blood donors were investigated using an immunoenzymaticassay (ELISA) for the determination of specific IgG class antibodies against T.spiralis. A questionnaire interview was used to obtain information regarding the potential risk factors associated with T. spiralis infection. Mantel–Haenszel chi-squared test or the Fisher exact two-tailed test, as appropriate, were used for comparison between T. spiralis positive and T. spiralis negative blood donors. Student’s t-test was used to evaluate differences between means in studied groups and body mass index was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info Version 7.2 and Stata 16.1. Results: T. spiralis IgG antibodies were detected in 2.00% (27) of 1347 consecutive blood donors. Eating raw and/or undercooked meat, from pigs or wild boars, was found to be the main risk factor (p < 0.001). Strong alcoholic drink consumption was highly associated with T. spiralis infection (p = 0.009). Trichinella seroprevalence was higher among rural residents and males. Subjects identified as Trichinella seropositive were not previously diagnosed and have not been treated for Trichinella infection with any specific therapy. Conclusions: The demonstration of T. spiralis antibodies in healthy blood donors suggests that Trichinella infection may be detected in asymptomatic individuals that were not previously diagnosed with this zoonosis.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HEV IgG among Different Adult Populations in Corsica, France, 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Capai ◽  
Masse ◽  
Gallian ◽  
Souty ◽  
Isnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In France, hyperendemic areas including Corsica have an anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence higher than 50%. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in three adult populations in Corsica and the risk factors associated with antibody detection. Between 2017 and 2019, a total of 930 individuals, including 467 blood donors, 393 students or university staff members and 70 patients from general practice, were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay kit and filled a questionnaire. The association between seropositivity and potential risk factors was tested with univariate and multivariate analyses. Out of the 930 samples, 52.3% (486/930) were seropositive—54.4% (254/467) among blood donors, 47.6% (187/393) among university students and 64.3% (45/70) among patients of general practice. Three main risk factors were identified: (i) skinning and butchering (Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [1.51–5.37]; p-value < 10−3), (ii) consumption of a local pork live raw sausage (fittonu) (aOR = 1.95 95% CI [1.45–2.64]; p-value = 10−5), and (iii) increasing age (p-value = 0.003). Seropositivity rates between the different populations were homogeneous after age stratification. This cross-sectional study indicates a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the Corsican adult population, not significantly different between women and men and increasing with age. This serosurvey also showed homogeneity regarding the exposure to HEV among three different types of populations. Finally, we confirmed the endemicity of Corsica with respect to HEV and identified a strong association between consumption of figatellu/fittonu and the practice of skinning and butchering with the detection of anti-HEV IgG.

scholarly journals Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) awareness among young women of central India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3960
Author(s):  
Jaya Patel ◽  
Shailesh Rai
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Central India ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) associated with multiple presentation in females although it is common disorder but due to lack of knowledge females often delays in getting confirm diagnosis and treatment. PCOS remains a syndrome and as such no single diagnostic criterion is sufficient for clinical diagnosis. Objective: To assess the knowledge about PCOS in young women.Methods: Cross sectional study was performed on 400 women of age group 18-30 years either studying in Colleges or working in Indore city. Written informed consent was obtained and simple random technique was applied for selection of study participants. Pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed through percentages and frequencies using Excel. Relevant statistical test was applied was applied and p value was calculated where ever required and considered statistically significant when it is <0.05.Results: Among 400 participants, only 41% of the women were aware of the term PCOS. 46% of the subjects who were aware about the organ system involved in this disease. Most of the people know about this disorder through friends or relatives. 49% of the women knew about the various signs and symptoms associated with PCOS.Conclusions: The results of present study show that very few of the young women understand what this disease is and what are the earliest symptoms that should alarm them to consult a physician.  Discussion with the girls in college authors came to know that most of the people are considering menstrual pain and irregularities as a part of their physiological process and do not consider consulting a doctor.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among Blood Donors at Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Sabina Rai ◽  
Pranita Dongol ◽  
Hemanta Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Technical College ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Donated Blood

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are the chronic viral infection that might be transmitted by blood transfusion. Nepal is known to have lowest seroprevalence in Asia. The main objective of the present study is to find out the prevalence of hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and their co-infection among blood donors during study period from March to August 2014. This was a cross sectional study among volunteer blood donors in Dharan who had donated the Blood. A total of 4930 donated blood samples were collected and screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C by using a rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique. Among 4930 blood samples under study, the overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B were 0.22% (11 out of 4930) and hepatitis C were 0.39% (19 out of 4930) (P value = 0.01) and the prevalence being lower in females than males for both cases. Hepatitis B were more in age group of 21 -30 (0.4%) but hepatitis C in age group of 31-40 (0.5%). Hepatitis B and C are potential threats to be transmitted from unscreened blood.Sunsari Technical College Journal 2015, 2(1):13-16

scholarly journals SYPHILIS;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Ashfaq ◽  
KAUSAR ABBAS SALDERA ◽  
AYESHA EJAZ ◽  
NOOR-UN NISA MEMON ◽  
HINA RASHID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Neopterin ◽  
Neopterin Level

Objectives: To assess serum Neopterin levels in blood donors of local population and to study its relationship with transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) including syphilis. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology LNMC in collaboration with Basic Medical Sciences Institute, (BMSI), and Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (J.P.M.C.) Karachi, from Jan to July 2015.”Methods: Total 174 blood donors were included in the study through random sampling technique. They were screen through the standard procedures used for screening at the JPMC blood bank for WHO recommended diseases. Neopterin was estimated using ELISA. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Chi square and ANOVA were applied at a confidence level of 95%.”Results: Neopterin level in the sera of syphilis positive blood donors was 5.86 ± 0.78 nmol/l which was within normal range below the cutoff value of 10 nmol/l. Neopterin content in the serum of blood donors who were negative for transfusion transmitted infections was 6.23± 2.19 nmol/l as compared to blood donors testing positive for transfusion transmitted viral infections showing high Neopterin level of 15.10 ± 4.93 nmol/l. (P value 0.001).”Conclusion: Neopterin levels were found to be within normal limits in blood donors testing positive for syphilis However in  blood donors with transfusion transmitted viral infections  serum neopterin levels were elevated.

Seroprevalence of dengue in blood donors in an outbreak: experience of a blood bank in north India

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Jain ◽  
Sanchit Jain ◽  
Nilotpal Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
North India ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional

Our aim was to determine the prevalence of dengue among blood donors at a centre in north India during an outbreak. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using stored serum samples of 369 blood donors at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh between August and November 2016. Serum samples were tested by an immune-chromatographic rapid test for the screening of dengue markers (IgG/IgM and NS-1). We found prevalence rates of IgG and NS-1 to be 14.9 and 0.54%, respectively.

scholarly journals Perception Regarding Oral Health Among Patients Visiting Dental Outpatient Department

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
Saima Asim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi ◽  
Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jafry ◽  
Shikoh Naz
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health among patients visiting dental OPD in hospitals of district Malir, Karachi. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental outpatient departments of two hospitals of district Malir, Karachi. Methodology: A total of 393 participants were randomly interviewed by the principal investigator with the help of structured questionnaire developed specifically for the study after obtaining written informed consent over the study of 6 months. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Inferential analysis was performed using chi-square test whereas binary logistic regression was used to develop a risk assessment model for the study outcome. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Overall 31.8% of the study participants had adequate knowledge, 25.2% had adequate attitude whereas 32.2% had adequate practices with regards to oral health. Furthermore, multivariable analysis revealed that higher qualification of the study participants had significant positive associations with adequateness of all of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the study participants regarding oral health at p-value of <0.05. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and appropriateness of attitude and practices of the study participants was less than satisfactory. The higher education level had a positive impact over the oral health of the participants. It is recommended that healthcare providers and government, in their respective capacities, educate and persuade people to take better care of their oral health.

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