Distribution of Phosphorus Forms Depends on Compost Source Material

Composting is a sustainable method for recovering nutrients from various organic wastes, including food waste. Every input waste has different nutrient contents, in turn, suggesting that every compost has different fertilizer and/or soil improvement values. The phosphorus (P) concentration and relative distribution of P forms is related to the original organic material. The relative distribution of P forms determines how readily plants can absorb P from the compost-amended soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the content and relative share of P forms in composts made from fish waste, sewage sludge, green waste, and horse manure. Six forms of P (labile; bound to reducible metals; bound to non-reducible metals; bound to easily degradable organic material; and bound to calcium) were determined using sequential extraction method. The results indicated that fish waste compost had relatively high proportion of labile P, suggesting good biological availability. In comparison, sewage sludge compost contained the highest overall P concentration per dry weight unit, while labile P constituted only 6% of summary of P forms. The results indicate that the evaluation of composts as alternative P sources in agriculture should rely on the relative distribution of P forms in the compost in addition to the typically recognized value of the total P.

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Municipal waste conversion to hydrogen sulfide adsorbents: Investigation of the synergistic effects of sewage sludge/fish waste mixture

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 237 ◽

pp. 88-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Rajiv Wallace ◽

Mykola Seredych ◽

Pengfei Zhang ◽

Teresa J. Bandosz

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Fish Waste ◽

Waste Mixture ◽

Waste Conversion

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Effect of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient content of eucalyptus minicuttings in nutrient solution

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832011000100023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 249-254

Author(s):

José Pereira Carvalho Neto ◽

Enilson de Barros Silva ◽

Reynaldo Campos Santana ◽

Paulo Henrique Grazziotti

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Plant Material ◽

Management Practice ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Adequate Nutrient ◽

Npk Fertilization

Adequate nutrient levels in plants vary according to the species or clone, age and management practice. Therefore, adjustments of the nutrient solution are often necessary according to the plant material for multiplication. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient contents of eucalyptus cuttings in nutrient solution. The study was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized fractional factorial (4 x 4 x 4)½, with a total of 32 treatments with three replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of N (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) as urea, P (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg L-1) in the form of phosphoric acid and K (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) in the form of potassium chloride in the nutrient solution. Only the effect of N alone was significant for the number and dry weight of minicuttings per ministump, with a linear decreasing effect with increasing N levels. The highest number of cuttings was obtained at a dose of 50, 7.5 and 50 mg L-1 of N, P and K, respectively.

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Bioavailability of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludge

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s01-072 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 433-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

M T Morera ◽

J. Echeverría ◽

J. Garrido

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Matter Content ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metals Bioavailability ◽

Heavy Metals In Soils

The recycling of sewage sludge to agricultural land results in the slow accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in soils. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn applied to soils in urban anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge. The soils were Lithic Haplumbrept (Lh), Calcixerollic Xerochrept (Cx1 and Cx2) and Paralithic Xerorthent (Px). Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L) were grown in the soils following amendment with the sludge. The addition of sewage sludge markedly increased the average dry weight of the plants in the soils that had lower yields without sludge addition (Lh, Cx2, and Px). The acid pH of the Lh soil favoured the bioavailability of Zn from sewage sludge. The bioavailability of Cu was greater in the alkaline soils than in the acidic soil (Lh), which can be attributed to the high organic matter content of the Lh soil which complexes Cu and impairs its uptake by the plants. The concentration of metals in the plants increased with the sewage sludge dose. The effect of the soil type on the metal concentration in plants was greater that the effect of the dose. Key words: Soils, sewage sludge, heavy metals, bioavailability, sunflower

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Seedling growth and nutrient relationships in a New Jersey Pine Barrens soil treated with "acid rain"

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-023 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 136-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

George A. Schier

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Acid Rain ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Pine Barrens ◽

Soil Cores ◽

Soil Leachate ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Nutrient Contents

The effects of simulated acid rain solutions on growth of pitch pine (Pinusrigida Mill.) seedlings in undisturbed soil cores from the New Jersey Pine Barrens were examined. Solutions of pH 5.6, 4.0, and 3.0 (SO42−–Cl−–NO3−, 4:2:1), totaling 1.4 times annual ambient precipitation, were applied directly to soil cores from the A horizon during a 1-year period. By varying photoperiod and diurnal temperature, two growing "seasons" with an intervening dormant period were simulated. Soil chemistry, soil leachate chemistry, seedling nutrition, and seedling growth were monitored. Seedling dry weight was significantly greater at pH 3.0 than at the less acid treatments. Foliar nutrient contents indicated that growth stimulation at pH 3.0 probably resulted because of increased availability of nitrogen and input of nutrient cations from acid-induced weathering of soil minerals. There were sharp increases in Ca and Mg leaching when the pH of the irrigating solution was lowered, but solution acidity had little effect on depletion of K. Declines in nutrient leaching during the experiment indicated that weatherable cations were becoming depleted. Although Al mobility was greatly accelerated by an increase in acid inputs, Al toxicity symptoms were not observed.

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Organic matter mineralisation in contrasting agricultural soils amended with sewage sludge .

Spanish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.3232/sjss.2014.v4.n2.02 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Jose Navarro Pedreño ◽

Ignacio Gómez Lucas ◽

Jose Martín Soriano Disla

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Single Dose ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil C ◽

Multiple Sensor ◽

Sludge Application

The mineralisation of organic matter (OM) when sewage sludge was used as amendment in 70 contrasting agricultural soils from Spain was analysed. Soils received a single dose of sewage sludge (equivalent to 50t dry weight ha-1) and the O2 consumption was continuously monitored for 30 days using a multiple sensor respirometer in a laboratory experiment. The cumulative O2 consumption and rates after 8 and 30 days of incubation (O2 cum 8d, 30d and O2 rate 8d, 30d), the respiratory quotient (RQ), the maximum O2 rates over the incubation period (O2 max) and time from the beginning of the incubation when O2 max occurred (Tmax), were determined in both amended and non-amended soils. Sewage sludge application resulted in increased values for O2 max, O2 rate 8d, and O2 cum 30d. Differences were minor for Tmax, RQ 8d and O2 rate 30d. A considerable amount of the initial OM applied was mineralised during the first 8 days. Organic matter decomposition (as expressed by O2 cum 30d) was favoured in soils with high values of pH, carbonates, soil organic carbon and low values of amorphous Mn. Soils with these characteristics may potentially lose soil C after sewage sludge application.

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Efecto de la inoculación de Azospirillum spp. sobre el contenido nutrimental de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA ◽

10.28940/terra.v38i1.542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Mario Alejandro Hernández-Chontal ◽

Dinora Vazquez-Luna ◽

Ariadna Linares-Gabriel ◽

Gloria Esperanza De Dios-León ◽

Armando Guerrero-Peña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Inoculum Concentration ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Animal Consumption ◽

Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa is used for human and animal consumption due to its high content of proteins, vitamins and minerals. The present study analyzed and evaluated the effectiveness of Azospirillum spp. over the nutritional content of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) under nursery conditions. The experimental design consisted of four treatments with six repetitions in complete blocks at random, which consisted of the inoculation at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mL of suspension with 9.8 × 105 CFU mL-1 of Azospirillum spp. The study variables: biomass, protein, macro (P, K. Ca and Mg) and micronutriments (Na, Fe, Cu and Mn) in leaves and stems were determined 70 days after sowing. The analysis of variance showed signif icant statistical differences between treatments only for the variables: potassium content in leaves and calcium content, iron and sodium in stem. According to the comparison of means (P ≤ 0.05) the best treatments were those that received 0.5 and 1 mL of suspension. The inoculation of Azospirillum, failed to increase the dry weight and protein contents; however, the highest values (30.2% crude protein) were associated with its application. The absence of significant effects in the other variables evaluated is associated with inoculum concentration, however, higher values are shown in the nutrient contents in relation to results reported in other research.

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Industrial Wastes in Soil Improvement

ISRN Civil Engineering ◽

10.5402/2011/138149 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. V. Rama Subbarao ◽

D. Siddartha ◽

T. Muralikrishna ◽

K. S. Sailaja ◽

T. Sowmya

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Geotechnical Properties ◽

Point Of View ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Engineering Structures

Soil existing at a particular site may not be appropriate for construction of engineering structures. The present study made an attempt to enhance the geotechnical properties of a soil replaced with industrial wastes having pozzolanic value like rice husk ash (RHA) and fly ash (FA). Soil is replaced with RHA in 2%, 4%, and 6% to dry weight of soil. It is observed that soil replaced with 4% RHA is the optimum for the soil used in this study from geotechnical point of view. To know the influence of fly ash, soil is further replaced with 4% FA along with 4% RHA. It is found that results of soil replacement by both RHA and FA proved to be soil modification and not the improvement. Hence, a cost-effective accelerator like lime is used for further replacing the above soil-4%, RHA-4% FA mix. The optimum lime content is found to be 4%.

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Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b81-072 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 518-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. E. Pope ◽

H. A. Holt

Keyword(s):

Chemical Treatment ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Stem Height ◽

White Ash ◽

P Concentration ◽

Glomus Fasciculatus ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Mycorrhizal Hyphae

Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride) applied at 2 kg/ha significantly reduced the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae and number of vesicles and chlamydospores formed by Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe when compared with the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment. When compared with inoculated control, paraquat applied at 0.5 kg/ha tended to increase the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae, and significantly increased chlamydospore production. For noninoculated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings, total dry weight and stem height tended to decrease with increases in rates of paraquat applied. In contrast, seedling height and foliar P concentration of inoculated seedlings tended to be greatest for the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment followed by the control and the 2 kg/ha chemical treatment. The amount of mycorrhizal hyphae was significantly correlated to seedling height and diameter, total dry weight, and percentage foliar elemental P.

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