scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Computational Methods for Compressed Sensing Reconstruction of EMG Signal

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Manoni ◽  
Claudio Turchetti ◽  
Laura Falaschetti ◽  
Paolo Crippa
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Independent Case

Wearable devices offer a convenient means to monitor biosignals in real time at relatively low cost, and provide continuous monitoring without causing any discomfort. Among signals that contain critical information about human body status, electromyography (EMG) signal is particular useful in monitoring muscle functionality and activity during sport, fitness, or daily life. In particular surface electromyography (sEMG) has proven to be a suitable technique in several health monitoring applications, thanks to its non-invasiveness and ease to use. However, recording EMG signals from multiple channels yields a large amount of data that increases the power consumption of wireless transmission thus reducing the sensor lifetime. Compressed sensing (CS) is a promising data acquisition solution that takes advantage of the signal sparseness in a particular basis to significantly reduce the number of samples needed to reconstruct the signal. As a large variety of algorithms have been developed in recent years with this technique, it is of paramount importance to assess their performance in order to meet the stringent energy constraints imposed in the design of low-power wireless body area networks (WBANs) for sEMG monitoring. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive comparative study of computational methods for CS reconstruction of EMG signals, giving some useful guidelines in the design of efficient low-power WBANs. For this purpose, four of the most common reconstruction algorithms used in practical applications have been deeply analyzed and compared both in terms of accuracy and speed, and the sparseness of the signal has been estimated in three different bases. A wide range of experiments are performed on real-world EMG biosignals coming from two different datasets, giving rise to two different independent case studies.

scholarly journals Compressed sensing for electrocardiogram acquisition in wireless body sensor network: A comparative analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 155014771986488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxin Chen ◽  
Jiazhu Xing ◽  
Leo Yu Zhang ◽  
Lin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Body Sensor Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electrocardiogram Signals

In the past decades, compressed sensing emerges as a promising technique for signal acquisition in low-cost sensor networks. For prolonging the monitoring duration of biosignals, compressed sensing is also exploited for simultaneous sampling and compression of electrocardiogram signals in the wireless body sensor network. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of compressed sensing for electrocardiogram acquisition. The performances of involved important factors, such as wavelet basis, overcomplete dictionaries, and the reconstruction algorithms, are comparatively illustrated, with the purpose to give data reference for practical applications. Drawn from a bulk of comparative experiments, the potential of compressed sensing in electrocardiogram acquisition is evaluated in different compression levels, while preferred sparsifying basis and reconstruction algorithm are also suggested. Relative perspectives and discussions are also given.

scholarly journals Utilization of Food Processing By-products in Extrusion Processing: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debomitra Dey ◽  
Jana K. Richter ◽  
Pichmony Ek ◽  
Bon-Jae Gu ◽  
Girish M. Ganjyal
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extruded Products ◽  
By Products

The processing of agricultural products into value-added food products yields numerous by-products or waste streams such as pomace (fruit and vegetable processing), hull/bran (grain milling), meal/cake (oil extraction), bagasse (sugar processing), brewer's spent grain (brewing), cottonseed meal (cotton processing), among others. In the past, significant work in exploring the possibility of the utilization of these by-products has been performed. Most by-products are highly nutritious and can be excellent low-cost sources of dietary fiber, proteins, and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidants, and vitamins. The amount of energy utilized for the disposal of these materials is far less than the energy required for the purification of these materials for valorization. Thus, in many cases, these materials go to waste or landfill. Studies have been conducted to incorporate the by-products into different foods in order to promote their utilization and tackle their environmental impacts. Extrusion processing can be an excellent avenue for the utilization of these by-products in foods. Extrusion is a widely used thermo-mechanical process due to its versatility, flexibility, high production rate, low cost, and energy efficiency. Extruded products such as direct-expanded products, breakfast cereals, and pasta have been developed by researchers using agricultural by-products. The different by-products have a wide range of characteristics in terms of chemical composition and functional properties, affecting the final products in extrusion processing. For the practical applications of these by-products in extrusion, it is crucial to understand their impacts on the qualities of raw material blends and extruded products. This review summarizes the general differences in the properties of food by-products from different sources (proximate compositions, physicochemical properties, and functional properties) and how these properties and the extrusion processing conditions influence the product characteristics. The discussion of the by-product properties and their impacts on the extrudates and their nutritional profile can be useful for food manufacturers and researchers to expand their applications. The gaps in the literature have been highlighted for further research and better utilization of by-products with extrusion processing.

scholarly journals Direct detection of charge and discharge process in supercapacitor by fiber-optic LSPR sensors

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Qian ◽  
Xinlong Chen ◽  
Shiyu Jiang ◽  
Qiwen Pan ◽  
Yachen Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
High Price ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSupercapacitors with high power density, ultralong lifespan and wide range operating temperature have drawn significant attention in recent years. However, monitoring the state of charge in supercapacitors in a cost-effective and flexible way is still challenging. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction can analyze the characteristics of supercapacitor well. But with large size and high price, they are not suitable for daily monitoring of the supercapacitors’ operation. In this paper, a low cost and easily fabricated fiber-optic localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) probe is proposed to monitor the state of charge of the electrode in a supercapacitor. The Au nanoparticles were loading on the fiber core as LSPR sensing region. In order to implant the fiber in the supercapacitor, a reflective type of fiber sensor was used. The results show that this tiny fiber-optic LSPR sensor can provide online monitoring of the state of charge during the charging and discharging process in situ. The intensity shift in LSPR sensor has a good linear relationship with the state of charge calculated by standard galvanostatic charging and discharging test. In addition, this LSPR sensor is insensitive to the temperature change, presenting a great potential in practical applications.

scholarly journals Methods for rapid frequency-domain characterization of leakage currents in silicon nanowire-based field-effect transistors

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Roinila ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Jarmo Verho ◽  
Tie Li ◽  
Pasi Kallio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Binary Sequence ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Frequency Domain Methods ◽  
Wide Range

Silicon nanowire-based field-effect transistors (SiNW FETs) have demonstrated the ability of ultrasensitive detection of a wide range of biological and chemical targets. The detection is based on the variation of the conductance of a nanowire channel, which is caused by the target substance. This is seen in the voltage–current behavior between the drain and source. Some current, known as leakage current, flows between the gate and drain, and affects the current between the drain and source. Studies have shown that leakage current is frequency dependent. Measurements of such frequency characteristics can provide valuable tools in validating the functionality of the used transistor. The measurements can also be an advantage in developing new detection technologies utilizing SiNW FETs. The frequency-domain responses can be measured by using a commercial sine-sweep-based network analyzer. However, because the analyzer takes a long time, it effectively prevents the development of most practical applications. Another problem with the method is that in order to produce sinusoids the signal generator has to cope with a large number of signal levels. This may become challenging in developing low-cost applications. This paper presents fast, cost-effective frequency-domain methods with which to obtain the responses within seconds. The inverse-repeat binary sequence (IRS) is applied and the admittance spectroscopy between the drain and source is computed through Fourier methods. The methods is verified by experimental measurements from an n-type SiNW FET.

scholarly journals Development of a camera trap for perching dragonflies: a new tool for freshwater environmental assessment

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9681
Author(s):  
Akira Yoshioka ◽  
Akira Shimizu ◽  
Hiroyuki Oguma ◽  
Nao Kumada ◽  
Keita Fukasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Detection Frequency

Although dragonflies are excellent environmental indicators for monitoring terrestrial water ecosystems, automatic monitoring techniques using digital tools are limited. We designed a novel camera trapping system with an original dragonfly detector based on the hypothesis that perching dragonflies can be automatically detected using inexpensive and energy-saving photosensors built in a perch-like structure. A trial version of the camera trap was developed and evaluated in a case study targeting red dragonflies (Sympetrum spp.) in Japan. During an approximately 2-month period, the detector successfully detected Sympetrum dragonflies while using extremely low power consumption (less than 5 mW). Furthermore, a short-term field experiment using time-lapse cameras for validation at three locations indicated that the detection accuracy was sufficient for practical applications. The frequency of false positive detection ranged from 17 to 51 over an approximately 2-day period. The detection sensitivities were 0.67 and 1.0 at two locations, where a time-lapse camera confirmed that Sympetrum dragonflies perched on the trap more than once. However, the correspondence between the detection frequency by the camera trap and the abundance of Sympetrum dragonflies determined by field observations conducted in parallel was low when the dragonfly density was relatively high. Despite the potential for improvements in our camera trap and its application to the quantitative monitoring of dragonflies, the low cost and low power consumption of the detector make it a promising tool.

State-of-the-Art Method in Prosthetic Hand Design: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
T. Triwiyanto ◽  
Triana Rahmawati ◽  
I. Putu Alit Pawana ◽  
L. Lamidi ◽  
Torib Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Emg Signal

Human limb amputation can be caused due to congenital disabilities, accidents, and certain diseases. Amputation caused by occupational accidents is a frequent occurrence in developing countries. Meanwhile, amputation caused by certain diseases such as diabetes Miletus is also the leading cause. The need for prosthetic hand is increasing along with the increase in those two factors. Several researchers have developed prosthetic hands with advantages and disadvantages. Research on prosthetic hands, which are useful, low power, and low cost, is still a major issue. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the various designs of prosthetic hands, specifically on the sensor, control, and actuator systems. This paper collected several references from proceedings and journals related to the design of the prosthetic hand. The results show that the EMG signal is widely used by some researchers in controlling prosthetic hands compared to other sensors, following the force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensor. To control prosthetic hands, some researchers used a threshold system with a value of 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and several other researchers used a pattern recognition model based on the EMG signal feature. Moreover, In the mechanical part, the open-source prosthetic hand model is more widely used than the fabricate prosthetic hand. This is due to the cost required in the prosthetic hand design is cheaper than a fabricated one. The results of this review are expected to provide a recommendation to researchers in the development of low cost, low power, and practical prosthetic hands.

Design of the Baseband Physical Layer of NarrowBand IoT LTE Uplink Digital Transmitter

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050111
Author(s):  
Basma H. Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Taha ◽  
Ahmed Shawky ◽  
Essraa Ahmed ◽  
Ali Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Transmitter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the new age of technology and the release of the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution, there is a need to connect a wide range of devices with varying throughput and performance requirements. In this paper, a digital transmitter of NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is proposed targeting very low power and delay-insensitive IoT applications with low throughput requirements. NB-IoT is a new cellular technology introduced by 3GPP in release 13 to provide wide-area coverage for the IoT. The low-cost receivers for such devices should have very low complexity, consume low power and hence run for several years. In this paper, the implementation of the data path chain of digital uplink transmitter is presented. The standard specifications are studied carefully to determine the required design parameters for each block. And the design is synthesized in UMC 130-nm technology.

Indoor Ultrasonic 3D Seamless Location and Wireless Communication of Metal Can

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 788-791
Author(s):  
Xian Zhong Chen ◽  
Ran Ran Li ◽  
Qing Wen Hou
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Rf Transceiver ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Node Location ◽  
Ultrasonic Transmitter

A system with low-cost, low power consumption and wide range of ultrasonic positioning was designed. The node layout is the ultrasonic transmitter vertically installed on the top of the metal can as unknown node, the ultrasonic receivers as beacon nodes, 4 nodes installed on the ceiling and 4 nodes installed on the floor fixed position to receive ultrasonic. Ultrasonic sensor was designed with low power consumption microcontroller Ti MSP430F1611 and RF transceiver chip CC2420. Effective range is 10m, accuracy ± 2cm, launch angle , the system power 200 ~ 400uA/MIPS, 5V lithium battery-powered, Zigbee wireless communication protocol for data transmission. A new algorithm of node location module and Matlab software simulation result were established to achieve 3D seamless positioning of metal can in 20m*2m*2m indoor space.

scholarly journals Solvation Structure and Interfacial Regulation for Extremely Stable Zinc Metal Anodes Operating in a Wide Range of Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixun Xiong ◽  
Yingbo Kang ◽  
Nan Yao ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Lingxing Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Zinc Ion ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Zinc Metal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solvation Structure

Abstract Aqueous zinc-metal batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage owing to their reasonable energy density, safety and low cost. However, their practical applications are limited by hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and dendrite formation of Zn anode and there is trade-off between efficiency and stability at high and low temperatures. Herein, we propose a solvation chemistry regulation strategy that can adjust the Zn2+-solvation structure and in situ form a robust and Zn2+-conducting Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 SEI on the Zn surface, using hybrid electrolytes of water and a polar aprotic N, N-dimethylformamide. As verified by experimental characterizations and computational analyses, the unique solvation structure and the newly formed solid electrolyte interface are created by hybrid electrolytes, resulting in highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping process as well as thermal stability and high ionic conductivity from −30 to 70 °C. The Zn||Zn symmetric cells in hybrid electrolytes are very stable over 2500 h at 25 ℃ and 2000 h even at –20 ℃. Thus, the stability and reversibility of the hybrid zinc-ion capacitors with Zn metal anode in hybrid electrolytes are firstly achieved in a wide and extreme temperature range, demonstrating high capacity retentions and Coulombic efficiencies over 14000, 10000, and 600 cycles at 25, −20, and 70 ℃, respectively.

A Demodulation Scheme for High-Sensitivity Temperature Sensing Based on Long Period Fiber Grating

2011 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 523-527
Author(s):  
Hong Xia Zhao ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Zhi Qun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Fiber Grating ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Long Period Fiber Grating ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Signal Demodulation ◽  
Period Fiber Grating

Long Period Fiber Grating (LPFG) sensors have wide range of potential applications; low-cost and high-sensitivity demodulation technology is the key of its practical applications. In this paper, an interferometer is comprised of an all-fiber loop mirror and two identical LPFGs, a tunable F-P filter is used to perform wavelength scanning one of the interference peaks, two negative pulse interval formed by signal light in the drive signal period are measured by means of detector and oscilloscope to realize signal demodulation. This demodulation system was used to detect the temperature parameter. The results showed that the sensing sensitivity of this system was demonstrated to be 0.08349 ms/°C, experimentally, which was 2.3 times higher than a single LPFG using the same demodulation technology.

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