scholarly journals Soft and Deformable Sensors Based on Liquid Metals

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeyeong Kim ◽  
Dong-min Kim ◽  
Bong Jae Lee ◽  
Jungchul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Metal Sensing

Liquid metals are one of the most interesting and promising materials due to their electrical, fluidic, and thermophysical properties. With the aid of their exceptional deformable natures, liquid metals are now considered to be electrically conductive materials for sensors and actuators, major constituent transducers in soft robotics, that can experience and withstand significant levels of mechanical deformation. For the upcoming era of wearable electronics and soft robotics, we would like to offer an up-to-date overview of liquid metal-based soft (thus significantly deformable) sensors mainly but not limited to researchers in relevant fields. This paper will thoroughly highlight and critically review recent literature on design, fabrication, characterization, and application of liquid metal devices and suggest scientific and engineering routes towards liquid metal sensing devices of tomorrow.

Soft electrodes combining hydrogel and liquid metal

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 3296-3303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Shay ◽  
Orlin D. Velev ◽  
Michael D. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Soft Robotics

Liquid metals interfaced with hydrogels create soft, deformable electrodes for emerging wearable devices and soft robotics. This paper quantifies and tunes the impedance of this interface for use in ECG electrodes.

Gallium Oxide-Stabilized Oil in Liquid Metal Emulsions

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najam Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Wilson Kong ◽  
Nathan Casey ◽  
Shreyas Kanetkar ◽  
Robert Yue-Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Gallium Oxide ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Thermal Interface Materials ◽  
Thermal Interface ◽  
Energy Storage Applications ◽  
Interface Materials

Gallium based liquid metals (LM) have prospective biomedical, stretchable electronics, soft robotics, and energy storage applications, and are being widely adopted as thermal interface materials. The danger of gallium corroding...

Ultrastretchable Conductive Liquid Metal Composites Enabled by Adaptive Interfacial Polarization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Cao ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Dong Lv ◽  
Liqing Ai ◽  
Weilong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Interfacial Polarization ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Conductive Liquid ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Metal Polymer

Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) are emerging candidates for the development of metal/polymer-based flexible circuits in wearable electronics. However, the high surface energies of LMs make them easily depleted from polymer...

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Liquid Metal Based Wearable Electronics and Materials

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102698
Author(s):  
Phillip Won ◽  
Seongmin Jeong ◽  
Carmel Majidi ◽  
Seung Hwan Ko
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Recent Advances

Liquid metal-based nanocomposite materials: Fabrication technology and applications

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ota ◽  
Nyamjargal Ochirkhuyag ◽  
Ryosuke Matsuda ◽  
Zihao Song ◽  
Fumika Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Fabrication Technology

Research on liquid metals has been steadily garnering more interest in recent times because the properties of these metals are conducive to flexible electronics applications; further, these metals are in...

scholarly journals Protein and Polysaccharide-Based Electroactive and Conductive Materials for Biomedical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4499
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Samuel Ricci ◽  
Sebastian Naranjo ◽  
Zachary Hill ◽  
Peter Gawason
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Material Sciences ◽  
Novel Drug

Electrically responsive biomaterials are an important and emerging technology in the fields of biomedical and material sciences. A great deal of research explores the integral role of electrical conduction in normal and diseased cell biology, and material scientists are focusing an even greater amount of attention on natural and hybrid materials as sources of biomaterials which can mimic the properties of cells. This review establishes a summary of those efforts for the latter group, detailing the current materials, theories, methods, and applications of electrically conductive biomaterials fabricated from protein polymers and polysaccharides. These materials can be used to improve human life through novel drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and biosensing technologies. The immediate goal of this review is to establish fabrication methods for protein and polysaccharide-based materials that are biocompatible and feature modular electrical properties. Ideally, these materials will be inexpensive to make with salable production strategies, in addition to being both renewable and biocompatible.

scholarly journals A Soft Resistive Sensor with a Semicircular Cross-Sectional Channel for Soft Cardiac Catheter Ablation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4130
Author(s):  
Eric Rasmussen ◽  
Daniel Guo ◽  
Vybhav Murthy ◽  
Rachit Mishra ◽  
Cameron Riviere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Soft Sensors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Catheter ◽  
Specific Loading

The field of soft robotics has attracted the interest of the medical community due to the ability of soft elastic materials to traverse the abnormal environment of the human body. However, sensing in soft robotics has been challenging due to the sensitivity of soft sensors to various loading conditions and the nonlinear signal responses that can arise under extreme loads. Ideally, soft sensors should provide a linear response under a specific loading condition and provide a different response for other loading directions. With these specifications in mind, our team created a soft elastomeric sensor designed to provide force feedback during cardiac catheter ablation surgery. Analytical and computational methods were explored to define a relationship between resistance and applied force for a semicircular, liquid metal filled channel in the soft elastomeric sensor. Pouillet’s Law is utilized to calculate the resistance based on the change in cross-sectional area resulting from various applied pressures. FEA simulations were created to simulate the deformation of the sensor under various loads. To confirm the validity of these simulations, the elastomer was modeled as a neo-Hookean material and the liquid metal was modeled as an incompressible fluid with negligible shear modulus under uniaxial compression. Results show a linearly proportional relationship between the resistance of the sensor and the application of a uniaxial force. Altering the direction of applied force results in a quadratic relationship between total resistance and the magnitude of force.

scholarly journals Structural Reinforcement Effect of a Flexible Strain Sensor Integrated with Pneumatic Balloon Actuators for Soft Microrobot Fingers

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Satoshi Konishi ◽  
Fuminari Mori ◽  
Ayano Shimizu ◽  
Akiya Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Original Performance ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Parylene C ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Metal Strain ◽  
Flexible Strain Sensor

Motion capture of a robot and tactile sensing for a robot require sensors. Strain sensors are used to detect bending deformation of the robot finger and to sense the force from an object. It is important to introduce sensors in effective combination with actuators without affecting the original performance of the robot. We are interested in the improvement of flexible strain sensors integrated into soft microrobot fingers using a pneumatic balloon actuator (PBA). A strain sensor using a microchannel filled with liquid metal was developed for soft PBAs by considering the compatibility of sensors and actuators. Inflatable deformation generated by PBAs, however, was found to affect sensor characteristics. This paper presents structural reinforcement of a liquid metal-based sensor to solve this problem. Parylene C film was deposited into a microchannel to reinforce its structure against the inflatable deformation caused by a PBA. Parylene C deposition into a microchannel suppressed the interference of inflatable deformation. The proposed method enables the effective combination of soft PBAs and a flexible liquid metal strain sensor for use in microrobot fingers.

scholarly journals Liquid Metals: Liquid Metal Marbles (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2013)

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Sivan ◽  
Shi-Yang Tang ◽  
Anthony P. O'Mullane ◽  
Phred Petersen ◽  
Nicky Eshtiaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Liquid Metals

Unusual Wetting Behavior of Liquid Metals on Porous Layer Formed at Surface of Iron Substrate Prepared by Oxidation-Reduction Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1699-1701
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Takahira ◽  
Takeshi Yoshikawa ◽  
Toshihiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Porous Layer ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Porous Iron ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Wetting Behavior ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidized Iron

Unusual wetting behavior of liquid Cu was found on a surface-oxidized iron substrate in reducing atmosphere. Liquid Cu wetted and spread very widely on the iron substrate when a droplet was attached with the substrate in Ar-10%H2 after the surface oxidation of the substrate. The oxidationreduction process fabricates a porous layer at the surface of the iron substrate. The pores in the porous iron layer are 3-dimensionally interconnected. Thus, liquid metals, which are contacted with the reduced iron samples, penetrate into these pores by capillary force to cause the unusual wetting behavior. It has been already confirmed that liquid Ag, Sn, In and Bi show this phenomenon onto surface-porous iron samples as well as liquid Cu. This unusual wetting behavior of a liquid metal has been correlated to the normal contact angle of the liquid metal on a flat iron substrate.

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